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Grave | A Wisdom Archive on Grave | | Grave A selection of articles related to Grave | |
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grave, Grave
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Grave | | | |  Grave: Encyclopedia II - Samara culture - HorsesThe Samara period is not as well excavated or as well known as the other two. Gimbutas dated it to 5000 BC. The archaeological findings seem related to those of the Dnieper-Donets culture with this noteworthy exception: horses.
Grave offerings included ornaments depicting horses. The graves also had an overburden of horse remains; it cannot yet be determined decisively if these horses were ridden or not, but t ...
See also:Samara culture, Samara culture - Samara culture Sites, Samara culture - Indo-European Urheimat, Samara culture - Horses, Samara culture - Central Location, Samara culture - Artifacts, Samara culture - Pottery, Samara culture - Graves, Samara culture - Sacrificial Objects, Samara culture - Weapons, Samara culture - Other Grave Gifts, Samara culture - Sources Read more here: » Samara culture: Encyclopedia II - Samara culture - Horses |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Samara culture - Artifacts
Samara culture - Pottery.
Pottery consists mainly of egg-shaped beakers with pronounced rims. They were not able to stand on a flat surface, suggesting that some method of supporting or carrying must have been in use, perhaps basketry or slings, for which the rims would have been a useful point of support. The carrier slung the pots over the shoulder or onto an animal.
The material of th ...
See also:Samara culture, Samara culture - Samara culture Sites, Samara culture - Indo-European Urheimat, Samara culture - Horses, Samara culture - Central Location, Samara culture - Artifacts, Samara culture - Pottery, Samara culture - Graves, Samara culture - Sacrificial Objects, Samara culture - Weapons, Samara culture - Other Grave Gifts, Samara culture - Sources Read more here: » Samara culture: Encyclopedia II - Samara culture - Artifacts |
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| | | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Burial In the tumulus-period, multiple inhumations under barrows were common, at least for the upper levels of society. In the Urnfield period, inhumation and burial in single graves prevails, though some barrows exist.
In the earliest phases of the Urnfield period, man-shaped graves were dug, sometimes provided with a stone lined floor, in which the cremated remains of the deceased were spread. Only later, burial in urns became prevalent. Some scholars speculate that this may have marked a fundamental shift in people's beliefs or ...
See also:Urnfield, Urnfield - Chronology, Urnfield - Origin, Urnfield - Distribution and local groups, Urnfield - Burial, Urnfield - Construction of the graves, Urnfield - Grave gifts, Urnfield - Upper-class burials, Urnfield - Material culture, Urnfield - Pottery, Urnfield - Tools, Urnfield - Weapons, Urnfield - Chariots, Urnfield - Iron, Urnfield - Settlements, Urnfield - Open settlements, Urnfield - Pile dwellings, Urnfield - Fortified settlements, Urnfield - Hoards, Urnfield - Cult, Urnfield - Economy, Urnfield - Ethnic ascription, Urnfield - Migrations, Urnfield - Related cultures, Urnfield - Sites, Urnfield - Sources Read more here: » Urnfield: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Burial |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Trivia Many companies have company graves in the largest graveyard in Japan, Okuno-In on Mount Koya, burial place of Kukai (774 - 835). These graves are for former company employees and their relatives, and often have a gravestone related to the company business. For example, the coffee company UCC has a gravestone in the shape of a coffee cup, and a metal rocket sits on top of the gravesite of an aeronautics company.
There are a number of cases where the ashes of deceased persons have been stolen from graves. The ashes of famous cart ...
See also:Japanese funeral, Japanese funeral - Modern funerals, Japanese funeral - After death, Japanese funeral - Wake, Japanese funeral - Funeral, Japanese funeral - Cremation, Japanese funeral - Graves, Japanese funeral - Memorial services, Japanese funeral - Japanese funeral industry, Japanese funeral - History, Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese, Japanese funeral - Trivia Read more here: » Japanese funeral: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Trivia |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Funnelbeaker culture - Objects The culture is named for its characteristic ceramics, beakers and amphorae with funnel-shaped tops, which were probably used for drinking. One spectacular find which may be assigned to the Funnelbeaker culture is a pot excavated at Bronocice, Poland which shows apparently the very first depiction of a wheeled vehicle (here, a wagon) anywhere; this would date from somewhere after 4000.
The technology was flint-based, of which the deposits found in Belgium and on the island of Rügen as wel ...
See also:Funnelbeaker culture, Funnelbeaker culture - Migration patterns, Funnelbeaker culture - Settlements, Funnelbeaker culture - Religion and graves, Funnelbeaker culture - Objects, Funnelbeaker culture - Ethnicity and language, Funnelbeaker culture - Sources Read more here: » Funnelbeaker culture: Encyclopedia II - Funnelbeaker culture - Objects |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial Rotting corpses emit unpleasant odors (due to gases released by bacterial decomposition) and look gruesome. Burial prevents the living from having to see and smell the corpses. However, contrary to conventional wisdom, the WHO advises that corpses are not actually dangerous unless a person died from an infectious disease; corpses resulting from death by trauma (for instance, from natural disasters) are u ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial |
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| | | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial After death, the corpse will start to decay and emit unpleasant odors due to the gases released by bacterial decomposition. Burial prevents the living from having to see and smell the corpses, but is not necessarily a public health requirement. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the WHO advises that only corpses carrying an infectious disease strictly require bural [1] [2] (see also dead bodies and health risks).
Various human burial practices seek to demonstrate "respect for the dead", for the following reasons.
Respect fo ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Reasons for human burial |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Material culture
Urnfield - Pottery.
The pottery is normally well made, with a smooth surface and a normally sharply carinated profile. Some forms are thought to imitate metal prototypes. Biconical pots with cylindrical necks are especially characteristic. There is some incised decoration, but a large part of the surface was normally left plain. Fluted decoration is common. In the Swiss pile dwellings, the incised decoration was sometimes inlaid with tin foil. Pottery kilns were already known (Elchinger Kreuz, Bavaria), as is ind ...
See also:Urnfield, Urnfield - Chronology, Urnfield - Origin, Urnfield - Distribution and local groups, Urnfield - Burial, Urnfield - Construction of the graves, Urnfield - Grave gifts, Urnfield - Upper-class burials, Urnfield - Material culture, Urnfield - Pottery, Urnfield - Tools, Urnfield - Weapons, Urnfield - Chariots, Urnfield - Iron, Urnfield - Settlements, Urnfield - Open settlements, Urnfield - Pile dwellings, Urnfield - Fortified settlements, Urnfield - Hoards, Urnfield - Cult, Urnfield - Economy, Urnfield - Ethnic ascription, Urnfield - Migrations, Urnfield - Related cultures, Urnfield - Sites, Urnfield - Sources Read more here: » Urnfield: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Material culture |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Alternatives to burial Not all cultures bury their dead, and many of those that do bury their dead do not do so in all cases. Alternatives include:
Burial at sea is the practice of depositing the body in an ocean or other large body of water instead of soil. It may be disposed in a coffin, or without one.
Cannibalism is the practice of eating the remains. This may be for many reasons: for example to partake of their strength, to spiritually "close the circle" by reabsorbing their life into the family or clan, to annihilate an enemy, or due to ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Alternatives to burial |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Exhumation The digging up of a buried body is called exhumation, and is considered sacrilege by most cultures that bury their dead. However, there is often a number of circumstances in which exhumation is tolerated:
If an individual died under suspicious circumstances, a legitimate investigating agency (such as a police agency) may exhume the body to determine the cause of death.
A body may be exhumed so that it may be reburied elsewhere.
Once human remains reach a certain age, many cultures consider the remains to ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Exhumation |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Alternatives to burial Human bodies are not always buried, and many cultures may not bury their dead in every case. Alternatives to burial include the following. In most cases these alternatives are still intended to maintain respect for the dead, but some are intended to prolong the display of remains.
Butchering the corpse by hand to remove the flesh.
Burial at sea is the practice of depositing the body in an ocean or other large body of water instead of soil. It may be disposed in a coffin, or without one.
Funerary Cannibalism is ...
See also:Burial, Burial - Reasons for human burial, Burial - Burial practices, Burial - Prevention of decay, Burial - Inclusion of clothing and personal effects, Burial - Body positioning, Burial - Marking the location of the burial, Burial - Unmarked grave, Burial - Multiple bodies per grave, Burial - Cremation, Burial - Live burial, Burial - Burial of animals, Burial - Exhumation, Burial - Alternatives to burial Read more here: » Burial: Encyclopedia II - Burial - Alternatives to burial |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Megalith - Nabta Playa Nabta Playa was once a large lake in the Nubian Desert, located 500 miles south of modern day Cairo [1]. By the 5th millennium BC the peoples in Nabta Playa had fashioned the world's earliest known astronomical device, 1000 years older than but comparable to Stonehenge [2].
Research shows it to be a prehistoric calendar that accurately marks the summer solstice [3]. Findings indicate that the region was occupied only seasonally, likely only in the summer when the local lake filled ...
See also:Megalith, Megalith - Distribution of megaliths, Megalith - Nabta Playa, Megalith - Western European megaliths, Megalith - Types of megalithic structures, Megalith - Megalithic graves, Megalith - Astronomical use, Megalith - Modern megaliths, Megalith - Examples of megaliths Read more here: » Megalith: Encyclopedia II - Megalith - Nabta Playa |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Megalith - Western European megaliths In Western Europe and the Mediterranean, megaliths are generally constructions erected during the Neolithic or late stone age and Chalcolithic or Copper Age (4500 - 1500 B.C.E). Perhaps the most famous megalithic structure is Stonehenge in England, although many others are known throughout the world.
The French Comte de Caylus was the first to describe the Monuments of Carnac. Legrand d'Aussy introduced the terms menhir and dolmen, both taken from the Breton language, into antiquarian ...
See also:Megalith, Megalith - Distribution of megaliths, Megalith - Nabta Playa, Megalith - Western European megaliths, Megalith - Types of megalithic structures, Megalith - Megalithic graves, Megalith - Astronomical use, Megalith - Modern megaliths, Megalith - Examples of megaliths Read more here: » Megalith: Encyclopedia II - Megalith - Western European megaliths |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Economy Cattle, pigs, sheep and goats were kept, as well as horses and dogs, and maybe geese. The cattle was rather small, with a height of 1,20m at the withers. Horses were not much bigger with a mean of 1,25m.
Forest-clearance was intensive in the Urnfield period. Probably open meadows were created for the first time, as shown by pollen-analysis. This led to increased erosion and sediment-load of the rivers.
Wheat and barley were cultivated, together with pulses and the horse-bean. Poppy-seeds were used for oil or as a drug. Millet a ...
See also:Urnfield, Urnfield - Chronology, Urnfield - Origin, Urnfield - Distribution and local groups, Urnfield - Burial, Urnfield - Construction of the graves, Urnfield - Grave gifts, Urnfield - Upper-class burials, Urnfield - Material culture, Urnfield - Pottery, Urnfield - Tools, Urnfield - Weapons, Urnfield - Chariots, Urnfield - Iron, Urnfield - Settlements, Urnfield - Open settlements, Urnfield - Pile dwellings, Urnfield - Fortified settlements, Urnfield - Hoards, Urnfield - Cult, Urnfield - Economy, Urnfield - Ethnic ascription, Urnfield - Migrations, Urnfield - Related cultures, Urnfield - Sites, Urnfield - Sources Read more here: » Urnfield: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Economy |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Chronology In some areas like south-western Germany, the date is taken as 1200 BC (beginning of Ha A), but the Bronze D Riegsee-phase already contains cremations. As the change between the middle bronze age and the urnfield culture was gradual, this is a matter of definition. The Urnfield culture covers the phases Hallstatt A and B (Ha A and B) in Paul Reinecke's chronological system, not to be confused with the Hallstatt culture (Ha C and D) of the following Iron Age. This corresponds to the Phases Montelius III-IV in the North. Whether Reinecke's Bro ...
See also:Urnfield, Urnfield - Chronology, Urnfield - Origin, Urnfield - Distribution and local groups, Urnfield - Burial, Urnfield - Construction of the graves, Urnfield - Grave gifts, Urnfield - Upper-class burials, Urnfield - Material culture, Urnfield - Pottery, Urnfield - Tools, Urnfield - Weapons, Urnfield - Chariots, Urnfield - Iron, Urnfield - Settlements, Urnfield - Open settlements, Urnfield - Pile dwellings, Urnfield - Fortified settlements, Urnfield - Hoards, Urnfield - Cult, Urnfield - Economy, Urnfield - Ethnic ascription, Urnfield - Migrations, Urnfield - Related cultures, Urnfield - Sites, Urnfield - Sources Read more here: » Urnfield: Encyclopedia II - Urnfield - Chronology |
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| | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Alfred V. Kidder - Archaeological career Kidder then embarked on a series of expeditions to the Southwest, many in northeastern Arizona. These expeditions were sponsored by Harvard’s Peabody Museum and the associated Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts.
From 1915 to 1929, Kidder conducted site excavations at an abandoned pueblo in Pecos, near Santa Fe, New Mexico. He excavated levels of human occupation at the pueblo going back more than 2000 years, and gathered a detailed record of cultural artifacts, including a large collection of pottery fragments and human rema ...
See also:Alfred V. Kidder, Alfred V. Kidder - Archaeological career, Alfred V. Kidder - Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation, Alfred V. Kidder - Publications, Alfred V. Kidder - External link, Alfred V. Kidder - Reference Read more here: » Alfred V. Kidder: Encyclopedia II - Alfred V. Kidder - Archaeological career |
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| | | | | | | | Grave: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Modern funerals
Japanese funeral - After death.
While Japan has a mixture of Shinto and Buddhist beliefs, funerals are almost always Buddhist ceremonies, and 90% of the funerals are Buddhist style. After death, the deceased's lips are moisted with water, in a ceremony called "Water of the last moment" Matsugo-no-mizu. The household shrine is closed and covered with a white paper, to keep out the impure spirits of the dead. This is called Kamidana-fuji. A small table decorated with flowers, incense, and a candle are placed next to the deceased's bed. A knife may be put on t ...
See also:Japanese funeral, Japanese funeral - Modern funerals, Japanese funeral - After death, Japanese funeral - Wake, Japanese funeral - Funeral, Japanese funeral - Cremation, Japanese funeral - Graves, Japanese funeral - Memorial services, Japanese funeral - Japanese funeral industry, Japanese funeral - History, Japanese funeral - Death-related words in Japanese, Japanese funeral - Trivia Read more here: » Japanese funeral: Encyclopedia II - Japanese funeral - Modern funerals |
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