Grammatical aspect

In Slavic languages there is only one type of aspectual opposition which forms two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective (in contrast with English which has two aspectual oppositions: perfect vs. neutral and progressive vs. nonprogressive). The aspectual distinctions exist on the lexical level - there is no unique method to form a perfective verb from a given imperfective one (or conversely). With a few exceptions each Slavic verb is either perfective or imperfective. Most verbs form strict pairs of one perfective and one i ...

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Grammatical aspect, Grammatical aspect - Lexical vs. grammatical aspect, Grammatical aspect - Usage of aspects, Grammatical aspect - Aspect in English, Grammatical aspect - Aspect in Slavic languages, Grammatical aspect - Aspect in Finnic languages, Grammatical aspect - Confusing terminology: perfective vs. perfect, Grammatical aspect - Examples of various aspects rendered in English

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Aorist (from Greek αοριστος, indefinite) is a term used in certain Indo-European languages to refer to a particular grammatical tense and/or aspect. It is often distinguished from the imperfect and perfect, and is similar to the preterite in languages such as Spanish. There is some confusion over whether the aorist is a tense or an aspect. This reflects the schizophrenic nature of the aorist in Ancient Greek, the most well-known language with an aorist. In the indicative, the Ancient Greek aorist represents a combinatio ...

Including:

• Aorist - Morphology
• Aorist - The s-aorist
• Aorist - Ablaut
• Aorist - Reduplication

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In German, the Präteritum is used for past actions. In South Germany, Austria and Switzerland, it is mostly used solely in writing, for example in stories. Use in speech is regarded as snobbish and thus very uncommon. In certain regions, a few specific verbs are used in the preterite, for instance the modal verbs and the verbs haben (have) and sein (be). Es war einmal ein kleines Mädchen, das Rotkäppchen hieß. (There was once a small girl who was called ...

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Preterite, Preterite - Preterite in indo-European languages, Preterite - German, Preterite - Spanish, Preterite - French

Read more here: » Preterite: Encyclopedia II - Preterite - German

Preterite - German. In German, the Präteritum is used for past actions. In South Germany, Austria and Switzerland, it is mostly used solely in writing, for example in stories. Use in speech is regarded as snobbish and thus very uncommon. In certain regions, a few specific verbs are used in the preterite, for instance the modal verbs and the verbs haben (have) and sein (be). Es war einmal ein kleines Mädchen, das Rotkäppchen hieß. (There was once ...

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Preterite, Preterite - Preterite in indo-European languages, Preterite - German, Preterite - Spanish, Preterite - French, Preterite - Italian

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In English, the present tense is subdivided into the following forms: Present Simple: "I go to school every day.""She goes to school" Present Continuous: "You are being rude." (at this moment) Present Perfect Simple: "I have had two computers." Present Perfect Continuous: "She has been living in London for a year." Stric ...

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Present tense, Present tense - English present indicative tense, Present tense - Spanish present indicative tense, Present tense - French present indicative tense, Present tense - German present indicative tense, Present tense - Italian present indicative tense

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In Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, the aorist is marked by several morphological devices, but three stand out as most common. Aorist - The s-aorist. The first is the s-aorist, so called because an 's' is inserted between the root and the personal ending. In Latin, for example, dico means "I say", while dixi (from dic-s-i) means "I said"; in Greek, ακουω akouō means "I hear", while ηκουσα ēkousa means "I heard." (Grammatical note: the first letter of ...

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Aorist, Aorist - Morphology, Aorist - The s-aorist, Aorist - Ablaut, Aorist - Reduplication

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Continuous aspect - Formation. The continuous aspect is expressed with a regularly conjugated form of to be, together with the present participle of the main verb. For example, in the sentence "I was going to the store," the verb phrase was going is in the past continuous tense - that is, in the continuous aspect and the past tense. The continuous aspect can be applied with any mood, voice, and tense, and in combination or not with the perfect aspect, although for obvious semantic reas ...

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Continuous aspect, Continuous aspect - The English continuous, Continuous aspect - Formation, Continuous aspect - Use, Continuous aspect - The continuous in other languages, Continuous aspect - French, Continuous aspect - German, Continuous aspect - Jèrriais, Continuous aspect - Spanish

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Tenses can be broadly classified as: absolute: indicates time in relationship to the time of the utterance (i.e. "now"). For example, "I am sitting down", the tense is indicated in relation to the present moment. relative: in relationship to some other time, other than the time of utterance, e.g. "Strolling through the shops, she saw a nice dress in the window". Here, the "saw" is relative to the time of the "strolling". The relationship between the time of "strolling" and the time of utterance is not clearly specified. ...

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Grammatical tense, Grammatical tense - Compound tenses, Grammatical tense - Tense aspect and mood, Grammatical tense - Classification of tenses, Grammatical tense - Bibliography

Read more here: » Grammatical tense: Encyclopedia II - Grammatical tense - Classification of tenses

In some languages there is a distinction between static (or stative) passive voice and dynamic (or eventive) passive voice, for example in German, Spanish or Dutch. Static means that an action was done to the subject at a certain point in time, whereas dynamic means that an action is done. Grammatical voice - In German. Static passive auxiliary verb: sein Dynamic passive auxiliary verb: werden Ich bin am 20. August geboren ("I was born on August 20", static) Ich wurde am 20. August geboren ("I became born on August 20", dynam ...

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Grammatical voice, Grammatical voice - Dynamic and static passive, Grammatical voice - In German, Grammatical voice - In Spanish, Grammatical voice - In Dutch, Grammatical voice - List of voices

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In linguistics, an auxiliary or helping verb is a verb whose function it is to give further semantic information about the main or full verb which follows it. In English, the extra meaning an auxiliary verb imparts alters the basic form of the main verb to have one or more of the following functions: passive, progressive, perfective, modal, or dummy. Auxiliary verb - Introduction. In stricter linguistic terms than the simple definition above: Ev ...

Including:

• Auxiliary verb - Introduction
• Auxiliary verb - Functions of the English auxiliary verb
• Auxiliary verb - Passive
• Auxiliary verb - Progressive
• Auxiliary verb - Perfective
• Auxiliary verb - Modal
• Auxiliary verb - Dummy
• Auxiliary verb - Quasi-auxiliaries
• Auxiliary verb - Properties of the English auxiliary verb
• Auxiliary verb - Negation
• Auxiliary verb - Inversion
• Auxiliary verb - Emphasis
• Auxiliary verb - Ellipsis
• Auxiliary verb - Other languages
• Auxiliary verb - Reference

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Hindi (हिन्दी hindī) is an Indo-European language spoken mainly in North, Central India and Western India. It is part of a dialect continuum of the Indo-Aryan family, bounded on the northwest and west by Panjābī, Sindhī, and Gujarātī; on the south by Marāthī; on the southeast by Orīya; on the east by Bengālī; and on the north by Nepālī. Hindi also refers to a standardized register of Hindustani that was made one of the official languages of India. The grammatical descript ...

Including:

• Hindi - Area
• Hindi - Number of Speakers
• Hindi - History
• Hindi - Standard Hindi
• Hindi - Vocabulary
• Hindi - Dialects
• Hindi - Sounds
• Hindi - Vowels
• Hindi - Consonants
• Hindi - Borrowed sounds
• Hindi - Writing system
• Hindi - Grammar
• Hindi - Word order
• Hindi - Common tenses and aspect
• Hindi - Case
• Hindi - Literature
• Hindi - Common difficulties faced in learning Hindi

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Aspect can refer to: Aspect (computer science) is a feature that is linked to many parts of a program, but which is not necessarily the primary function of the program. Grammatical aspect is a grammatical feature having to do with the internal temporal flow of an event. Astrological aspect is the relative angle between two heavenly bodies. Aspect (geography) refers to the direction to which a mountain slope faces. Aspect was also the name of: Alain Aspect, the French p ...

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While, as noted above, the term continuous is originally specific to English grammar, it can be extended to other languages that have similar constructions. Continuous aspect - French. French does not have a continuous aspect per se; events that English would describe using its continuous aspect, French would describe using a neutral aspect. That being said, French can express a continuous sense using the periphrastic construction être en train de ("to be in the middle of"); for example, English's "we were eating" might be expressed in French either as ...

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Continuous aspect, Continuous aspect - The English continuous, Continuous aspect - Formation, Continuous aspect - Use, Continuous aspect - The continuous in other languages, Continuous aspect - French, Continuous aspect - German, Continuous aspect - Jèrriais, Continuous aspect - Spanish

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The distinction between grammatical tense, aspect, and mood is fuzzy and at times controversial. The English continuous temporal constructions express an aspect as well as a tense, and some therefore consider that aspect to be separate from tense in English. In Spanish the traditional verb tenses are also combinations of aspectual and temporal information. Going even further, there's an ongoing dispute among modern English grammarians (see English grammar) regarding whether tense can only refer to inflected forms. In Ger ...

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Grammatical tense, Grammatical tense - Compound tenses, Grammatical tense - Tense aspect and mood, Grammatical tense - Classification of tenses, Grammatical tense - Bibliography

Read more here: » Grammatical tense: Encyclopedia II - Grammatical tense - Tense aspect and mood

The more complex tenses in Indo-European languages are formed by combining a particular tense of the verb with certain verbal auxiliaries, the most common of which are various forms of "be", various forms of "have", and modal auxiliaries such as English will. Romance and Germanic languages often add "to hold", "to stand", "to go", or "to come" as auxiliary verbs. For example, Italian uses stare ("stand") with the present participle to indicate the present continuous. Portuguese uses ter ("have") with the past participle ...

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Grammatical tense, Grammatical tense - Compound tenses, Grammatical tense - Tense aspect and mood, Grammatical tense - Classification of tenses, Grammatical tense - Bibliography

Read more here: » Grammatical tense: Encyclopedia II - Grammatical tense - Compound tenses

In French, the present tense is used almost identically to that of English. Conjugation: To express the present continuous, expressions such as "en train de" or "en cours de" are frequently used. Jean est en train de manger. John is eating, John is in the middle of eating. On est en train de chercher un nouvel appartement. We're looking for a new apartment, we're in the process of finding a new apartment. ...

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Present tense, Present tense - English present indicative tense, Present tense - Spanish present indicative tense, Present tense - French present indicative tense, Present tense - German present indicative tense, Present tense - Italian present indicative tense

Read more here: » Present tense: Encyclopedia II - Present tense - French present indicative tense

In Spanish, the present tense is used almost identically to that of English. Conjugation: ...

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Present tense, Present tense - English present indicative tense, Present tense - Spanish present indicative tense, Present tense - French present indicative tense, Present tense - German present indicative tense, Present tense - Italian present indicative tense

Read more here: » Present tense: Encyclopedia II - Present tense - Spanish present indicative tense

In Spanish, the preterite is a verb tense that indicates an action taken once in the past that was completed at some point in the past. This is as opposed to the imperfect tense, which refers to any repeated, continuous, or habitual past action. Thus, "I ran five miles yesterday" would use the first-person preterite form of ran, corrí, whereas "I ran five miles every morning" would use the first-person imperfect tense form, cor ...

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Preterite, Preterite - Preterite in indo-European languages, Preterite - German, Preterite - Spanish, Preterite - French

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In French, the preterite is usually called passé simple ("simple past"). Like in Spanish, it is a past tense that indicates an action taken once in the past that was completed at some point in the past (translated: "verbed"). This is as opposed to the imparfait tense, which refers to any repeated, continuous, or habitual past action (translated: "was/were verbing"). In the oral language, the passé simple is not used anymore and is replaced with the compound passé composé. In the formal or literary form of the languag, howevere, passé simple is still commonl ...

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Preterite, Preterite - Preterite in indo-European languages, Preterite - German, Preterite - Spanish, Preterite - French

Read more here: » Preterite: Encyclopedia II - Preterite - French

In Italian, the present tense is used almost identically to that of English. Conjugation: ...

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Present tense, Present tense - English present indicative tense, Present tense - Spanish present indicative tense, Present tense - French present indicative tense, Present tense - German present indicative tense, Present tense - Italian present indicative tense

Read more here: » Present tense: Encyclopedia II - Present tense - Italian present indicative tense