Encyclopedia - Grammar: Encyclopedia - Grammar
Grammar is the study of rules governing the use of language. The set of rules governing a particular language is also called the grammar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Grammar - Development Of Grammars
Grammars evolve through usage and human population separations. With the advent of written representations, formal rules about language u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Formal Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Formal Grammar - Generative Grammars
A generative grammar consists of a set of rules for transforming strings. To generate a string in the language, one begins with a string ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Construction Grammar: Encyclopedia - Construction Grammar
The term construction grammar (CxG) covers a "family" of theories, or models, of grammar that are based on the idea that the primary unit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ambiguous Grammar: Encyclopedia - Ambiguous Grammar
In computer science, a grammar is said to be an ambiguous grammar if there is some string that it can generate in more than one way (i.e....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chinese Grammar: Encyclopedia - Chinese Grammar
Chinese grammar—here referring to that of Standard Mandarin—shares a similar system of grammar with the many language varieties or di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Universal Grammar: Encyclopedia - Universal Grammar
Universal grammar is a theory of linguistics postulating principles of grammar shared by all languages, thought to be innate to humans. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Article Grammar: Encyclopedia - Article Grammar
An article is a word that is put next to a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles can have various funct...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Corruption Grammar: Encyclopedia - Corruption Grammar
Corruption or bastardization is a way of referring to certain changes in a language. The most common way that a word can be said to be co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar
Arabic is a Semitic language. See Arabic language for more information on the language in general. This article describes the grammar of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Context-free Grammar: Encyclopedia - Context-free Grammar
In linguistics and computer science, a context-free grammar (CFG) is a formal grammar in which every production rule is of the form V �...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Contraction Grammar: Encyclopedia - Contraction Grammar
In traditional grammar, a contraction is the formation of a new word from two or more individual words. This often is a result of a commo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Construction Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Construction Grammar - Grammar As An Inventory Of Constructions
In CxG the grammar of a language is made up of taxonomic networks of families of constructions, which are based on the same principles as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Danish Grammar - Pronouns
*Vores is the most commonly used; vort and vore are rarely used outside of formal occasions, or older texts. Since the 1970's, the polite...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Numbers
Esperanto grammar - Numerals. The cardinal numerals are: nul (zero) unu (one) du (two) tri (three) kvar (four) kvin (five) ses (six) s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Pronouns
There are three types of pronouns in Esperanto: personal (vi "you"), demonstrative (tio "that", iu "someone"), and relative/interrogative...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Finnish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Finnish Grammar - Pronouns
The pronouns are inflected in the Finnish language much in the same way than their referent nouns are. Finnish grammar - Personal pronou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Finnish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Finnish Grammar - Adverbs
A very common way of forming adverbs is by adding the ending '-sti' to the inflecting form of the corresponding adjective: The great thin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Link Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Link Grammar - Applications
AbiWord, a free word processing program, uses Link Grammar for on-the-fly grammar checking. Words which cannot be linked anywhere receive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Finnish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Finnish Grammar - Adjectives
Adjectives in Finnish are inflected in exactly the same way as nouns, and an adjective must agree in number and case with the noun it is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew Grammar - Adjectives
The Hebrew adjective שם תואר shem toar comes after the noun and agrees with it in gender and number: ספר קטן sefer katan (sm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interlingua Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Interlingua Grammar - Pronouns
Interlingua grammar - Personal pronouns. Personal pronouns inflect for number, case, and (in the third person) gender. The nominative ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew Grammar - Nouns
The Hebrew word for "noun" is שם עצם shem etsem. Hebrew nouns are inflected by gender, number (and sometimes by possession) but not ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interlingua Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Interlingua Grammar - Verbs
The verb system is a simplified version of the systems found in English and the Romance languages. There is no imperfective aspect, as in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interlingua Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Interlingua Grammar - Nouns
Nouns inflect for number only. Plural nouns take -s after a vowel, -es after a consonant (but -hes after a final -c to preserve the [k] s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interlingua Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Interlingua Grammar - Adjectives
Adjectives may precede or follow the noun they modify. As a matter of style, short adjectives tend to precede, long adjectives tend to fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interlingua Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Interlingua Grammar - Adverbs
There are two types of adverbs, primary and secondary. Primary adverbs are a closed class of grammatical operators, such as quasi, 'almos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Grammar - Pronouns
Main article: Spanish pronouns Spanish has a range of pronouns that in some ways work quite differently from English ones. They include: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Grammar - Verbs
Main articles: Spanish verbs, Spanish conjugation and Spanish irregular verbs. Verbs are one of the trickiest areas of Spanish for foreig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hungarian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hungarian Grammar - Postpositions
As well as the noun suffixes, which are often equivalent to English prepositions, Hungarian also has postpositions. Hungarian grammar - ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Noun
Arabic grammar - State. The Arabic noun can take one of three states of definiteness: definite, indefinite or construct state. The defi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Verb
As in many other Semitic languages, Arabic verb formation is based on a (usually) triconsonantal root, which is not a word in itself but ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Japanese Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Japanese Grammar - Notes
^  List of personal pronouns from sci.lang.japan FAQ. ^  Discussion of pronoun reference constraints by Bart Mathias on sci.lan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Verbs
All verbs have regular inflections. Three tenses together form what is called the indicative mood. The other moods are the infinitive, co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Grammar - Articles
Romanian grammar - Definite article. An often cited peculiarity of Romanian is that it is the only Romance language where definite arti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hungarian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hungarian Grammar - Syntax
Hungarian is classified as SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). However, the order of words in a sentence is determined not by syntactic roles, but...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hungarian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hungarian Grammar - Negation
Verbs are negated with nem, except in the subjunctive when ne is used. Double negative is common with negative pronouns (like nobody, not...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hungarian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hungarian Grammar - Questions
Hungarian grammar - Question words. ki? is the basic question word for a person (cf "who?") and mi? is the basic question word for a th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Grammar - Pronouns
There are eight personal pronouns in Romanian: The pronouns above are those in the nominative case. They are usually omitted in Romanian ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - The Article
Esperanto has a single definite article, la, which is invariable. It is similar to English the. La is used: For identifiable, countable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hungarian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hungarian Grammar - Morphology
Hungarian is an agglutinative language. Most grammatical information is given through suffixes. For example: "at the table" = az asztaln�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Grammar - Nouns
Romanian grammar - Gender. Romanian nouns are categorized into three genders, masculine, feminine, and neuter, feature preserved from L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Questions
Main article: Interrogatives in Esperanto "Wh" questions are asked with one of the interrogative (ki-) correlatives. They are commonly pl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Conjunctions
Basic Esperanto conjunctions are kaj (both/and), aŭ (either/or), nek (neither/nor), se (if), ĉu (whether/or), sed (but), anstataŭ (ins...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Comparisons
Comparisons are made with the adverbial correlatives tiel ... kiel (as ... as), the adverbial roots pli (more) and plej (most), the anton...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esperanto Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Esperanto Grammar - Prepositions
Although Esperanto word order is fairly free, prepositions must come at the beginning of a noun phrase. Whereas in languages such as Germ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - French Grammar - Pronouns
Main article: French pronouns In French, pronouns can be inflected to indicate their role in a clause (subject, direct object, etc.), as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanian Grammar - Adjectives
Romanian adjectives determine the quality of things. They always define a noun or pronoun, numeral or copulativ verb, so they can only fu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Grammar - Miscellaneous
Spanish grammar - Cleft sentences. A cleft sentence is one formed with the copular verb (generally with a dummy pronoun like "it" as it...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Southpaw Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Southpaw Grammar - The Record
On its release Southpaw Grammar confounded fans and critics alike. Following the massive success of Vauxhall and I, widely (but not unive...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Danish Grammar - Nouns
There are two genders of nouns in Danish: Common and Neuter. The common nouns use the en article and the neuter ones use et. dreng = boy;...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Grammar - Nouns
Main article: Spanish nouns Spanish has nouns that express concrete objects, groups and classes of objects, qualities, feelings and other...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Grammar - Adjectives
Main article: Spanish adjectives Generally speaking, Spanish uses adjectives in a similar way to English and most other Indo-European lan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Grammar - Prepositions
Main article: Spanish prepositions The Spanish language has a relatively large number of prepositions, and does not use postpositions. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Link Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Link Grammar - Syntax
Rightward links are represented as a +, and leftward links with a -. Optional links are contained in curly brackets {...}. Undesirable li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Interlingua Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Interlingua Grammar - Syntax
The normal word order in Interlingua is Subject–Verb–Object, though this may relaxed where the sense is clear. Ille reface horologio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Danish Grammar - Verbs
In Modern Danish the verb has eight distinct forms, as shown in the chart below. Non-finite forms Infinitive vente ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Text Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Text Grammar - Problems
One problem with text grammars is in assigning the description to either a psychological or a linguistic domain. The purpose of the descr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Predicate Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Predicate Grammar - Predicate In Traditional Grammar
In traditional grammar, a predicate is one of the two main parts of a sentence (the other being the subject, which the predicate modifies...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hebrew Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew Grammar - Verbs
The Hebrew word for verb is פועל po'al, and as in English, verbs in Hebrew can express both action and status. Hebrew verbs stem from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Text Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Text Grammar - Application
The first step in the structural analysis of a text is to interpret its meaning. The interpretation of a text is an intuitive act influen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Text Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Text Grammar - Summary
In summary, dependency analysis makes the structure of the text explicit by giving rules for identifying prepositional units and rules fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Link Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Link Grammar - Examples
Link grammar - Example 1. A basic rule file for an SVO language might look like: <determiner>:      D+; <...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - French Grammar - Adverbs
Main article: French adverbs As in English, adverbs in French are used to modify adjectives, other adverbs, and verbs or clauses. Most ad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Georgian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Georgian Grammar - Syntax
Georgian grammar - Word order. Word order in Georgian is not very strict. One common sentence structure follows the pattern subject - i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - French Grammar - Verbs
Main article: French verbs In French, as in English, a verb is the controlling element in most sentences, although it is more common in F...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - French Grammar - Adjectives
An adjective agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies. To make an adjective feminine, most simply add -e; to make most adjec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latin Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Latin Grammar - Nouns
Latin grammar - Cases. On the noun tables there are usually 5 (sometimes 7) cases: Nominative: indicates the subject of the sentence, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - German Grammar - Adjectives
For the inflection of adjectives, the case, number and gender of the nominal phrase must be considered along with the article of the noun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Danish Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Danish Grammar - Numerals
The numbers from one to twenty in Danish are: en, to, tre, fire, fem, seks, syv, otte, ni, ti, elleve, tolv, tretten, fjorten, femten, se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - French Grammar - Negation
French has a two part negation, consisting of the ne particle, which signifies a global negation, preceding the verb, and one of several ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Georgian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Georgian Grammar - Pronouns
The following table lists the declension of all six personal pronouns. As can be seen from the table, all the cases of the third persons ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Georgian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Georgian Grammar - Adjectives
Adjectives agree in case with the nouns they modify. The declension of adjectives is different from that of nouns, but like that of nouns...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Georgian Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Georgian Grammar - Adpositions
Georgian does not have prepositions but postpositions. The adpositional particles are appended at the end of nouns. They might be written...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - French Grammar - Nouns
Every French noun has a grammatical gender, either masculine or feminine. The grammatical gender of an animate noun usually corresponds t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - German Grammar - Declension
Every German noun is assigned one of three genders: masculine, feminine or neuter. Unlike English, which does not assign a gender to most...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - German Grammar - Nouns
A German noun has one of three specific grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and belongs to one of three declensions. These ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - History
Due to the rapid expansion of Islam in the 8th century, many people learned Arabic as a lingua franca. For this reason, the earliest gram...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - English Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - English Grammar - Nouns
In English, nouns generally describe persons, places, things, and abstract ideas, and are treated as grammatically distinct from verbs. E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bengali Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Bengali Grammar - Pronouns
Bengali pronouns are somewhat similar to English pronouns, having different words for first, second, and third person, and also for singu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bengali Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Bengali Grammar - Verbs
Bengali verbs are highly inflected and are regular with only few exceptions. They consist of a stem and an ending; they are traditionally...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Syntax
In Arabic, word order is less important than in English, and more stylistic then semantic. Verbs often start sentences and sometimes come...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arabic Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Arabic Grammar - Phonology
Classical Arabic has 28 consonantal phonemes (including two semi-vowels), originally corresponding to the 28 letters of the Arabic alphab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Text Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Text Grammar - Formalisms
One way out of this problem is to create a tool which can be applied to the text to expose its structure. Such a tool is called a formali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - English Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - English Grammar - Verbs
In English, verbs generally describe actions, and can also be used to describe certain states of being. In contrast to the relative simpl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - German Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - German Grammar - Verbs
German verbs may be classified as either weak, with a dental consonant inflection, or strong, showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dutch Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Dutch Grammar - Verbs
Verbs in Dutch can be classified as weak, strong, and irregular. Dutch grammar - Weak verbs. Weak verbs form their past tenses by addit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dutch Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Dutch Grammar - Pronouns
Dutch grammar - Personal and possessive pronouns. Just like with nouns and adjectives, most aspects of the old Germanic noun case syste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dutch Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Dutch Grammar - Nouns
In Dutch, nouns generally describe persons, places, things, and abstract ideas, and are treated as grammatically distinct from verbs. Nou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latin Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Latin Grammar - Verbs
There are four conjugations in Latin. A verb either falls into one of these conjugations or is considered irregular. In Latin, a verb is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Latin Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Latin Grammar - Adjectives
All adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in number, case and gender. All nouns are either feminine, masculine, or neuter. Ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Transformational Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Transformational Grammar - Grammaticalness
Chomsky argued that the notions "grammatical" and "ungrammatical" could be defined in a meaningful and useful way. In contrast an extreme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Grammar Schools In The United Kingdom: Encyclopedia Ii - Grammar Schools In The United Kingdom - Modern Grammar Schools
While many former grammar schools ceased to be selective, some of them retained the word ‘grammar’ in their name. Following the 1979 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Grammar - The Verb
Verbs are divided into three conjugations, which can be identified by looking at the infinitive ending, one of "-ar", "-er", "-ir" (and "...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Corruption Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Corruption Grammar - Examples
Some commonly known words that are corrupted versions of their predecessor include: pwn (a typo of own, which would mean "to defeat" or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Corruption Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Corruption Grammar - Examples
Some commonly known words that are corrupted versions of their predecessor include: vamoose (from the Spanish verb vamos, which means "L...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Dream Interpretation Of Grammar: Dream Dictionary - Grammar
  Grammar To dream that you are studying grammar, denotes you are soon to make a wise choice in momentous opportunities. &nbs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Corruption Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Corruption Grammar - History
In the past, with unstandardized spelling for English and other languages, a word would be pronounced differently by people who encounter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Article Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Article Grammar - Usage
The following discussion is meant to give pointers in the uses of the grammatical articles the and a for non-native speakers. When using ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Portuguese Grammar: Encyclopedia Ii - Portuguese Grammar - Demonstratives
Portuguese demonstratives show a three-way distinction between proximal to speaker, proximal to hearer and distal. For instance, aqui ("h...   » Read the article