1009 - Events. February 14: First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. October 18: The Church of the Holy Sepulchre is destroyed by Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. The Ly dynasty, Vietnam's first independent dynasty, is proclaimed. Sergius IV succeeds John XVIII as Pope. Suleiman II succeeds Mohammed II as Caliph of Cordoba. Provinces of Goryeo (modern-day Korea) are redistributed. 1009 - BirthsIncluding:

• 1009 - Events
• 1009 - Births
• 1009 - Deaths

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936 - Events. King Taejo of Goryeo (Wanggeon) defeats Hubaekje. Pope Leo VII gains popehood. Otto I is the first German king to be crowned in Aachen. 936 - Births. Abu al-Qasim, Moorish scholar 936 - Deaths. Henry the Fowler, German king Gyeonhwon, King of Hubaekje (cancer) Category: 936 ...

Including:

• 936 - Events
• 936 - Births
• 936 - Deaths

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Bulguksa is a Buddhist temple in the North Gyeongsang province in South Korea. The temple was originally built in 528 but later abandoned. It was rebuilt in 751 under Gim Daeseong to pacify the spirits of his parents. The rebuilding was only completed in 774 when the temple received its current name Bulguksa. The temple was renovated during the Goryeo Dynasty and the early Joseon Dynasty. During the Japanese invasions between 1592 and 1598, the wooden buildings were burned to the ground. After 1604 reconstruction ...

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1105 - Events. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor deposed by his son, Henry V Tamna kingdom annexed by Korean Goryeo Dynasty. 1105 - Births. March 1 - Alfonso VII of Castile (died 1157) Matilda of Boulogne, wife of Stephen of England (died 1152) Ingold II, king of Sweden (died 1125) Melisende of Jerusalem (died 1161) Ibn Tufail, Andalusian philosopher, physician and official (approximate date; died 1185) Including:

• 1105 - Events
• 1105 - Births
• 1105 - Deaths

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After the fall of Goguryeo in 668 and the brief Chinese Occupation, Kingdom of Balhae, composed of Koreans and Mohe, was established and ruled Manchuria, including today's Russian Maritime Province. Right after the fall of Goguryeo, the Turks(Gokturks) were divided and eventually driven out from most of Central Asia by Chinese Tang Dynasty. Another Turkic tribe, the Uighurs, replaced Gokturks but their control was not very strong. As all three of Balhae, Uighur and Tang Dynasty weakened, the Tungusic race of Khitans emerged in the reg ...

See also:

Goryeo-Khitan Wars, Goryeo-Khitan Wars - Background, Goryeo-Khitan Wars - Timeline, Goryeo-Khitan Wars - Goryeo-Khitan Wars

Read more here: » Goryeo-Khitan Wars: Encyclopedia II - Goryeo-Khitan Wars - Background

The Chinese turned away Goryeo envoys en route to the Ming court on the pretext that Goryeo was sending them old, weak horses in tribute. Tensions over this crucial foreign policy protocol had not been resolved when, in 1388, the Ming dynasty proclaimed its intention to establish a command post headquartered in the Ch'ollyeong pass at the southern end of the Hamgyŏng plain. The occupation of the area by the Ming army was tantamount to annexing the entire ...

See also:

U of Goryeo, U of Goryeo - Cultural background, U of Goryeo - Accession to the throne, U of Goryeo - Diplomatic tensions with China, U of Goryeo - Revolution

Read more here: » U of Goryeo: Encyclopedia II - U of Goryeo - Diplomatic tensions with China

General Yi marched his army into the capital, defeated the forces loyal to the king (led by General Choi Yong) and removed the government, but did not ascend the throne right away. Gongyang(공양왕; 恭讓王) and his family were sent into exile in 1392 (where they would later be secretly murdered), but the renowned scholar, poet and statesman Jeong Mong-ju(정몽주; 鄭夢周) faithfully supported the king, leading the opposition to Yi’s claim to the throne. Jeong was revered throughout Goryeo, even by Yi himself, but he was seen to be ...

See also:

Taejo of Joseon, Taejo of Joseon - Cultural background, Taejo of Joseon - Military career, Taejo of Joseon - Revolution

Read more here: » Taejo of Joseon: Encyclopedia II - Taejo of Joseon - Revolution

Under the Goryeo dynasty (935-1392), Gyeongju was no longer of national importance. However, it remained a regional center. The city was given its modern name "Gyeongju" by Taejo in 940, and was made the seat of Yeongnam Province. Its had jurisdiction over a wide area, including much of east-central Yeongnam. In 987 it was designated the "Eastern Capital," but that title was removed in 1012. [1] For much of the Goryeo period, it was also the seat ...

See also:

History of Gyeongju, History of Gyeongju - Silla period, History of Gyeongju - Goryeo and Joseon periods, History of Gyeongju - Since 1900, History of Gyeongju - Notes

Read more here: » History of Gyeongju: Encyclopedia II - History of Gyeongju - Goryeo and Joseon periods

During the Unified Silla Period (AD 668-935), Korea was divided into nine Ju (주; 州), an old word for "province" that was used to name both the kingdom's provinces and its provincial capitals. (The editor's Cantonese-English dictionary translates 州 variously as "prefecture" or "department.") After Goryeo defeated Silla and Later Baekje in 935 and 936 respectively, the new kingdom "was divided into one royal district [(Ginae; 기내; 畿內)] and twelve administrative districts [(Mok; 목; 牧)]" (Nahm 1988), ...

See also:

Provinces of Korea, Provinces of Korea - Historical summary, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Unified Silla, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Goryeo, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Joseon, Provinces of Korea - Districts of Late Joseon, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of the Korean Empire, Provinces of Korea - Provinces since the division of Korea

Read more here: » Provinces of Korea: Encyclopedia II - Provinces of Korea - Historical summary

In 892, Gyeon Hwon founded the kingdom of Later Baekje in southwestern Silla, and in 918, Wanggeon (King Taejo) established the kingdom of Goryeo in the northwest, with its capital at Songak (modern-day Kaesŏng). In 935, Goryeo conquered the remnants of Silla, and in 936, it conquered Later Baekje. Songak was greatly expanded and renamed Gaegyeong. Taejo expanded the country's territory by conquering part of the land formerly belonging to Goguryeo, in the northwest of the Korean peninsula, as far north as the Yalu River. A wall was construc ...

See also:

Provinces of Korea, Provinces of Korea - Historical summary, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Unified Silla, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Goryeo, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Joseon, Provinces of Korea - Districts of Late Joseon, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of the Korean Empire, Provinces of Korea - Provinces since the division of Korea

Read more here: » Provinces of Korea: Encyclopedia II - Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Goryeo

To a great extent, two figures have lasting influence concluding the Goryeo dynasty: Jeong Dojeon (1324-1398) and the monk, Gihwa (1376-1433) who assisted the transition from Buddhism to neo-Confucianism with tremendously interesting debate. Jeong, in his Bulssi Japbyeon or "Array of Critiques of Buddhism" summed up critiques of Seon Buddhism brought by Hanyu, the Cheng brothers, and Zhuxi. Gihwa answered with his Hyeonjeong non or "Exposition of the Correct", a polite defence of buddhism, but at the same time an aggressive taking to task of neo-Confucian wavering between idea ...

See also:

Korean Confucianism, Korean Confucianism - Introduction, Korean Confucianism - Goryeo Dynasty Confucianism, Korean Confucianism - Neo-confucianism in the Joseon dynasty, Korean Confucianism - Contemporary society and Confucianism, Korean Confucianism - Korean confucian art, Korean Confucianism - Confucian ceremonials, Korean Confucianism - The future of Korean confucianism, Korean Confucianism - External link

Read more here: » Korean Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Korean Confucianism - Goryeo Dynasty Confucianism

The kingdom of Goryeo was founded in 918 and defeated Silla in 935–936, making "Goryeo" the name of Korea ("Goryeo" is the source of the English name "Korea"). In 1392, the kingdom fell to the Joseon Dynasty. Goryeo was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first king had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. The next twenty-three emperors (until Wonjong) are also referred to by the ...

See also:

Rulers of Korea, Rulers of Korea - Gojoseon c.2333 BCE–c.239 BCE, Rulers of Korea - Buyeo c.239 BCE–494 CE, Rulers of Korea - Bukbuyeo c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE, Rulers of Korea - Dongbuyeo c.86 BCE–22 CE, Rulers of Korea - Gaya Garak 42-532, Rulers of Korea - Baekje 18 BCE–660 CE, Rulers of Korea - Goguryeo 37 BCE–668 CE, Rulers of Korea - Legendary line, Rulers of Korea - Great King line, Rulers of Korea - Hwando-Guknae line, Rulers of Korea - P'yŏngyang line, Rulers of Korea - Silla 57 BCE–935 CE, Rulers of Korea - Balhae Bohai 669–926, Rulers of Korea - Goryeo 918–1392, Rulers of Korea - Joseon 1392–1897, Rulers of Korea - Korean Empire 1897–1919, Rulers of Korea - Presidents of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 1919–1948, Rulers of Korea - Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1948–present, Rulers of Korea - Republic of Korea 1948–present

Read more here: » Rulers of Korea: Encyclopedia II - Rulers of Korea - Goryeo 918–1392

The city's boundaries and designation changed several times in the 20th century. From 1895 to 1955, the area was known as Gyeongju-gun ("Gyeongju County"). In the first decades of the century, the city center was known as Gyeongju-myeon, signifying a relatively rural rea. In 1931, the downtown area was designated Gyeongju-eup, in recognition of its increasingly urban nature. In 1955, Gyeongju-eup became Gyeongju-si ("Gyeongju City"), the same name as today but with a much smaller area. The remainder of Gyeongju-gun became "Wolseong County." The county and city were reunited in ...

See also:

History of Gyeongju, History of Gyeongju - Silla period, History of Gyeongju - Goryeo and Joseon periods, History of Gyeongju - Since 1900, History of Gyeongju - Notes

Read more here: » History of Gyeongju: Encyclopedia II - History of Gyeongju - Since 1900

Goryeo was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first king had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. The next twenty-three emperors (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bra ...

See also:

List of Korean monarchs, List of Korean monarchs - Gojoseon c.2333 BC - 108 BC, List of Korean monarchs - Buyeo c.239 BC - 494 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Bukbuyeo c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE, List of Korean monarchs - Dongbuyeo c.86 BCE–22 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Gaya confederacy 42-532, List of Korean monarchs - Geumgwan Gaya, List of Korean monarchs - Baekje 18 BC - 660 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Goguryeo 37 BC - 668 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Legendary line, List of Korean monarchs - Great King line, List of Korean monarchs - Hwando-Guknae line, List of Korean monarchs - P'yŏngyang line, List of Korean monarchs - Silla 57 BC - 935 CE, List of Korean monarchs - Balhae 669 - 926, List of Korean monarchs - Goryeo 918 - 1392, List of Korean monarchs - Joseon 1392 - 1897, List of Korean monarchs - Korean Empire 1897 - 1919, List of Korean monarchs - Post-monarchy

Read more here: » List of Korean monarchs: Encyclopedia II - List of Korean monarchs - Goryeo 918 - 1392

Initially, the new Seon schools were regarded by the established doctrinal schools as radical and dangerous upstarts. Thus, the early founders of the various "nine mountain" monasteries met with considerable resistance, repressed by the long influence in court of the Gyo schools. The struggles which ensued continued for most of the Goryeo period, but gradually the Seon argument for the possession of the true transmission of enlightenment would gain the upper hand. The position that was generally adopted in the later Seon schools, due in larg ...

See also:

Korean Buddhism, Korean Buddhism - Historical overview of the development of Korean Buddhism, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism in the Three Kingdoms, Korean Buddhism - Goguryeo, Korean Buddhism - Baekje, Korean Buddhism - Kaya, Korean Buddhism - Silla, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism in the Unified Silla period 668-918, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism as state religion in the Goryeo period 918-1392, Korean Buddhism - Suppression under the Joseon dynasty 1392-1910, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism during the Japanese occupation 1910-1945, Korean Buddhism - Buddhism and Westernization 1945-present, Korean Buddhism - Looking Ahead

Read more here: » Korean Buddhism: Encyclopedia II - Korean Buddhism - Buddhism as state religion in the Goryeo period 918-1392

List of Korean painters - North Korea. Jung Chang-mo Chung Young-man List of Korean painters - South Korea. Hong Song-Dam Kim Ho-Suk Park Seo-bo ...

See also:

List of Korean painters, List of Korean painters - Goryeo period, List of Korean painters - Joseon period, List of Korean painters - Modern period, List of Korean painters - North Korea, List of Korean painters - South Korea

Read more here: » List of Korean painters: Encyclopedia II - List of Korean painters - Modern period

See also: History of Korea The earliest records of Korean history are written in Chinese characters, despite the languages being unrelated. Even after the invention of hangul, Koreans generally recorded native Korean names with hanja, by translation of meaning, transliteration of sound, or even combinations of the two. Furthermore, the pronunciations of the same character are somewhat different in Chinese and Korean, and have changed over time. For all these reasons, in addition to the sparse and sometimes contradictory written records, it is often difficult to determine the original me ...

See also:

Names of Korea, Names of Korea - History, Names of Korea - Ancient history, Names of Korea - Goryeo Joseon and Han revived, Names of Korea - 20th century, Names of Korea - Current usage, Names of Korea - East Asian names, Names of Korea - Western names

Read more here: » Names of Korea: Encyclopedia II - Names of Korea - History

Jeong argued that government, including the king himself, exists for the sake of the people. Its legitimacy could only come from benevolent public service. It was largely on this basis that he legitimized the overthrow of the Goryeo dynasty, arguing that the Goryeo rulers had given up their right to rule. Jeong divided society into three classes: a large lower class of agricultural laborers and craftsmen, a middle class of literati, and a small upper class of bureaucrats. Anyone outside this system, including Buddhist monks, shamans, and entertainers, he c ...

See also:

Jeong Dojeon, Jeong Dojeon - Background and early career, Jeong Dojeon - Relationship with Yi Seonggye, Jeong Dojeon - Intellectual activity, Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

Read more here: » Jeong Dojeon: Encyclopedia II - Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

The early history of Gyeongju is closely tied to that of the Silla kingdom, of which it was the capital. Gyeongju first enters non-Korean records during the Samhan period in the early Common Era. It is recorded in Chinese records as Saro-guk, one of twelve petty states which comprised the Jinhan confederacy. Saro-guk would later become the Silla kingdom. Korean records, probably based on the dynastic chronicles of Silla, record that Saro-guk was established in 57 BCE, when six small villages in the Gyeongju area united under Bak Hyeokgose, t ...

See also:

History of Gyeongju, History of Gyeongju - Silla period, History of Gyeongju - Goryeo and Joseon periods, History of Gyeongju - Since 1900, History of Gyeongju - Notes

Read more here: » History of Gyeongju: Encyclopedia II - History of Gyeongju - Silla period

Under Joseon neo-confucianism, or seonglihak, there was even greater encouragement of Confucian ideas and ideals such as ch'ung or loyalty; hyo or filial piety; in or benevolence; and shin or trust. To a great degree the harmonic Confucian ideals of familial, local, regional, and national development in a peaceful way gave the Joseon dynasty both its strength, and its long reign of peaceful relations with its neighbours. But such Korean benevolence also made it both naive and vulnerable against belli ...

See also:

Korean Confucianism, Korean Confucianism - Introduction, Korean Confucianism - Goryeo Dynasty Confucianism, Korean Confucianism - Neo-confucianism in the Joseon dynasty, Korean Confucianism - Contemporary society and Confucianism, Korean Confucianism - Korean confucian art, Korean Confucianism - Confucian ceremonials, Korean Confucianism - The future of Korean confucianism, Korean Confucianism - External link

Read more here: » Korean Confucianism: Encyclopedia II - Korean Confucianism - Neo-confucianism in the Joseon dynasty

In 1413, Korea (at that time called Joseon) was divided into eight provinces: Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Hamgyŏng (originally called Yeonggil), Hwanghae (originally called P'unghae, and P'yŏngan. For detailed information on the eight provinces of Joseon—an important subject for understanding Korea's modern geography—please see Eight Provinces (Korea), as well as ...

See also:

Provinces of Korea, Provinces of Korea - Historical summary, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Unified Silla, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Goryeo, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Joseon, Provinces of Korea - Districts of Late Joseon, Provinces of Korea - Provinces of the Korean Empire, Provinces of Korea - Provinces since the division of Korea

Read more here: » Provinces of Korea: Encyclopedia II - Provinces of Korea - Provinces of Joseon