It has been claimed that the ancient Egyptians knew the golden ratio because ratios close to the golden ratio may be found in the positions or proportions of the Pyramids of Giza. The ancient Greeks already knew the golden ratio from their investigations into geometry, but there is no evidence they thought the number warranted special attention above that for numbers like π (Pi), for example. Studies by psychologists have been devised to test the idea that the golden ratio plays a role in human perception ...

See also:

Golden ratio, Golden ratio - Definition, Golden ratio - History, Golden ratio - A startlingly quick proof of irrationality, Golden ratio - Alternate forms, Golden ratio - Mathematical uses, Golden ratio - Aesthetic uses, Golden ratio - Decimal expansion

Read more here: » Golden ratio: Encyclopedia II - Golden ratio - Aesthetic uses

See also:

Golden ratio, Golden ratio - Definition, Golden ratio - History, Golden ratio - A startlingly quick proof of irrationality, Golden ratio - Alternate forms, Golden ratio - Mathematical uses, Golden ratio - Aesthetic uses, Golden ratio - Decimal expansion

Read more here: » Golden ratio: Encyclopedia II - Golden ratio - Alternate forms

The formula can be expanded recursively to obtain a continued fraction for the golden ratio: and its reciprocal: Note that the successive convergents of these continued fractions are ratios of Fibonacci numbers. The equation likewise produces the continued square root form: Also: These correspond to the fact that the length of the diagonal of a regular pentagon is φ times the length of ...

See also:

Golden ratio, Golden ratio - Definition, Golden ratio - History, Golden ratio - A startlingly quick proof of irrationality, Golden ratio - Alternate forms, Golden ratio - Mathematical uses, Golden ratio - Aesthetic uses, Golden ratio - Decimal expansion

Read more here: » Golden ratio: Encyclopedia II - Golden ratio - Alternate forms

Macrocosm and microcosm is an ancient Greek schema of seeing the same patterns reproduced in all levels of reality. It may have begun with Democritus in the fifth century B.C. or with Pythagoras and is a philosophical conception that runs through Socrates, and Plato and through to the Renaissance. With Pythagoras, the discovery of the golden ratio and its philosophical conception called the Golden mean, the Greeks saw that this golden ratio is repeated in all parts of the ordered universe both large and small. The Greeks were very con ...

Including:

• Macrocosm and microcosm - Ancient thought
• Macrocosm and microcosm - Medieval and modern thought
• Macrocosm and microcosm - Bibliography

Read more here: » Macrocosm and microcosm: Encyclopedia - Macrocosm and microcosm

Beauty is the phenomenon of the experience of pleasure, through the perception of balance and proportion of stimulus. It involves the cognition of a balanced form and structure that elicits attraction and appeal towards a person, animal, inanimate object, scene, music, or idea. The opposite of beauty is ugliness, the experience of displeasure at some stimulus. Beauty - Beauty and aesthetics. Understanding the nature and meaning of beauty is one of the key themes in the philosophical discipline known as aest ...

Including:

• Beauty - Beauty and aesthetics
• Beauty - Theories of beauty
• Beauty - Mathematical Beauty
• Beauty - Effects of beauty in human society

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Arkansas Tech University is a state supported collegiate institution located in Russellville, Arkansas, USA. The university offers programs at both baccalaureate and graduate levels in a range of fields. Quick Facts: Location: Russellville, Arkansas Year Founded: 1909 Enrollment: 6,843 President: Dr. Robert C. Brown Athletic Director: Steve Mullins Nickname: Wonder Boys (men), Golden Suns (women) School Colors: Forest Green & O ...

Including:

• Arkansas Tech University - External link

Read more here: » Arkansas Tech University: Encyclopedia - Arkansas Tech University

Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics that studies collections (usually finite) of objects that satisfy specified criteria. In particular, it is concerned with "counting" the objects in those collections (enumerative combinatorics), with deciding when the criteria can be met, with constructing and analyzing objects meeting the criteria (as in combinatorial designs and matroid theory), with finding "largest", "smallest", or "optimal" objects (extremal combinatorics and combinatorial optimization), and wit ...

Including:

• Combinatorics - Overview and history
• Combinatorics - Enumerative combinatorics
• Combinatorics - Structural combinatorics
• Combinatorics - Design theory
• Combinatorics - Ramsey theory
• Combinatorics - Matroid theory
• Combinatorics - Extremal combinatorics

Read more here: » Combinatorics: Encyclopedia - Combinatorics

A bridge is a structure built to span a gorge, valley, road, railroad track, river, body of water, or any other physical obstacle. Designs may be built higher than otherwise needed in order to allow other traffic (particularly ship traffic) beneath. The purpose of a bridge is to allow easier passage by providing a continuous more uniform more easily navigable route via what would otherwise be an uneven or impossible path for the particular kind of thing travelling or being transported, whether people, vehicles, trains, ships, l ...

Including:

• Bridge - History
• Bridge - Etymology
• Bridge - Types of bridges
• Bridge - By use
• Bridge - Decorative and ceremonial bridges
• Bridge - Index to types of bridges and bridge related topics
• Bridge - Bridge structural and evolutionary taxonomy
• Bridge - Efficiency
• Bridge - Notable bridges

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Ancient Egypt was a civilization along the Lower Nile, reaching from the Nile Delta in the north as far south as Jebel Barkal at the time of its greatest extension (15th century BC). It lasted for three millennia, from circa 3200 BC to 343 BC, ending with the conquest of Alexander the Great. As a civilization based on irrigation it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire. Ancient Egypt - Geography. Most of Egypt is in North Africa; though the Sinai Peninsula is in Southwest Asia. The coun ...

Including:

• Ancient Egypt - Geography
• Ancient Egypt - People
• Ancient Egypt - History
• Ancient Egypt - Government
• Ancient Egypt - Language
• Ancient Egypt - Writing
• Ancient Egypt - Literature
• Ancient Egypt - Culture
• Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements
• Ancient Egypt - Timeline
• Ancient Egypt - Open problems
• Ancient Egypt - Notes

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Vladivostok (Russian: Владивосто́к listen ▶ (help·info) ) is a city in Russia. It is the home port of the Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. The city's name means "controlling the East" in Russian; in the Chinese language, the city is known as 海參崴 (pinyin: Hǎishēnwǎi or Hǎishēnwēi) — "Sea Cucumber Marsh". Vladivostok - History. Main article: History of Vl ...

Including:

• Vladivostok - History
• Vladivostok - Geography
• Vladivostok - Climate
• Vladivostok - Demographics
• Vladivostok - Economy
• Vladivostok - Transportation
• Vladivostok - Education
• Vladivostok - Media
• Vladivostok - Pollution
• Vladivostok - Miscellaneous

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A bicycle, or bike, is a pedal-driven land vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. First introduced in 19th-century Europe, bicycles evolved quickly into their familiar, current design. Numbering over 1,000,000,000 in the world today, bicycles provide the principal means of transportation in many regions and a popular form of recreational transport in others. To distinguish a bicycle from a mot ...

Including:

• Bicycle - History
• Bicycle - Technical aspects
• Bicycle - Legal requirements
• Bicycle - Construction and parts
• Bicycle - Performance
• Bicycle - Bicycle physics
• Bicycle - Social and historical aspects
• Bicycle - Economic and social implications
• Bicycle - Bicycles at work
• Bicycle - Bicycle recreation
• Bicycle - Bicycles and war
• Bicycle - Bicycle racing
• Bicycle - Modal share: cycle use in modern cities
• Bicycle - Cycling activism
• Bicycle - Types of bicycle
• Bicycle - Standards
• Bicycle - Notes

Read more here: » Bicycle: Encyclopedia - Bicycle

Architecture Cinema Comic books Cuisine Dance Literature Music Poetry Sculpture Television Theater Visual arts The cinema of the United States, although it is sometimes simply referred to as Hollywood does not refer only to the film industry of the United States of America. Other modes of production like documentary film or exper ...

Including:

• Cinema of the United States - History
• Cinema of the United States - Early development
• Cinema of the United States - Rise of Hollywood
• Cinema of the United States - Golden Age of Hollywood
• Cinema of the United States - Changing realities and television's rise
• Cinema of the United States - The 'New Hollywood' or Post-classical cinema
• Cinema of the United States - Rise of the blockbuster
• Cinema of the United States - Independent film
• Cinema of the United States - Rise of the home video market
• Cinema of the United States - Notable figures in U.S. film
• Cinema of the United States - Bibliography

Read more here: » Cinema of the United States: Encyclopedia - Cinema of the United States

A pentagram is a five-pointed star drawn with five straight strokes. In fact, the word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), a noun form of πεντάγραμμος (pentagrammos) or πεντέγραμμος (pentegrammos), a word meaning roughly "five-lined" or "five lines". The name indicates that a pentagram is not simply a five-pointed star; the symbol must be composed of five lines. That is, it must include the interior pentagon. It is also known as a pentacle, pentalpha (as it ...

Including:

• Pentagram - Geometry
• Pentagram - Some relevant trigonometric values
• Pentagram - History
• Pentagram - Pythagorean use
• Pentagram - Christian use
• Pentagram - Satanic use
• Pentagram - Neopagan Use
• Pentagram - Brigate Rosse
• Pentagram - Flags
• Pentagram - In literature
• Pentagram - 3D

Read more here: » Pentagram: Encyclopedia - Pentagram

The Shroud of Turin (or Turin Shroud) is a linen cloth bearing the image of a man who appears to have been physically traumatized in a manner consistent with crucifixion. It is presently kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, Italy. Some believe it is the cloth that covered Jesus of Nazareth when he was placed in his tomb and that his image was somehow recorded on its fibers at or near the time of his imputed resurrection. Skeptics contend the shroud is a medieval hoax or forgery - or even ...

Including:

• Shroud of Turin - General observations
• Shroud of Turin - History
• Shroud of Turin - Possible history before the 14th century: The Image of Edessa
• Shroud of Turin - 14th century
• Shroud of Turin - 15th century
• Shroud of Turin - 16th century to present
• Shroud of Turin - The controversy
• Shroud of Turin - Theories of image formation
• Shroud of Turin - Second Image on back of cloth
• Shroud of Turin - Analyses of the Shroud
• Shroud of Turin - Textual criticism
• Shroud of Turin - Analysis of artistic style
• Shroud of Turin - Analysis of optical perspective
• Shroud of Turin - The Shroud in the Catholic Church
• Shroud of Turin - Conclusions

Read more here: » Shroud of Turin: Encyclopedia - Shroud of Turin

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, is the eleventh-oldest institution of higher education (and the oldest public institution) in the United States. Known to many as Carolina, North Carolina, UNC-CH, or simply UNC (causing confusion with the state-wide University of North Carolina 16-campus system. © University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - History. ...

Including:

• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - History
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Campus
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Students
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Student demographics
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Sports clubs and traditions
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Athletics
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Student organizations
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Traditions
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Alumni of note
• University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill - Chancellors of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Read more here: » University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: Encyclopedia - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules (e.g. kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons) are converted to simpler molecules (e.g. light hydrocarbons) by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of any catalysts. Cracking chemistry - Applications. In an oil refinery cracking processes allow the production of "light" products (such as LPG and gasoline) from ...

Including:

• Cracking chemistry - Applications
• Cracking chemistry - Fluid Catalytic Cracking
• Cracking chemistry - Hydrocracking
• Cracking chemistry - Steam Cracking
• Cracking chemistry - Chemistry
• Cracking chemistry - Catalytic Cracking
• Cracking chemistry - Thermal Cracking
• Cracking chemistry - History

Read more here: » Cracking chemistry: Encyclopedia - Cracking chemistry

Carbon monoxide, chemical formula CO, is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, flammable and highly toxic gas. It is a major product of the incomplete combustion of carbon and carbon-containing compounds. It is less dense than air under ordinary conditions. It is very slightly soluble in water and burns in air with a characteristic blue flame, producing carbon dioxide; it is a component of producer gas and water gas, which are widely used artificial fuels. It is a reducing agent, removing oxygen from many compounds and is used in the re ...

Including:

• Carbon monoxide - Toxicity
• Carbon monoxide - History
• Carbon monoxide - Chemistry
• Carbon monoxide - Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Read more here: » Carbon monoxide: Encyclopedia - Carbon monoxide

Ichthys (Greek: ἰχθύς; also transliterated and latinized as ichthus, icthus, or ikhthus), is the Greek word for "fish." It refers to a symbol consisting of two intersecting arcs resembling the profile of a fish, used by early Christians as a secret symbol and now known colloquially as the "Jesus fish." Ichthys - Origins. This symbol has origins predating Christianity, relating to fertility, female genitalia, and fish, ...

Including:

• Ichthys - Origins
• Ichthys - Adaptations of the symbol
• Ichthys - Parodies of the ichthys symbol
• Ichthys - Other symbolism associated with the fish

Read more here: » Ichthys: Encyclopedia - Ichthys

Money is any marketable good or token used by a society as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account. Since the needs arise naturally, societies organically create one or several money objects when none exists. In other cases, a central authority creates a single money object and compels its use; this is more frequently the case in modern societies with paper money. The value of money emerges in no small part from its utility as a medium of exchange, however its utility as a medium of exchange depends on it having recognised market value. Hence th ...

Including:

• Money - Essential characteristics of money
• Money - Credit as money
• Money - Desirable features of money
• Money - Modern forms of money
• Money - Money and economics
• Money - History of money
• Money - Private currencies
• Money - Money supply
• Money - Growing the money supply
• Money - Shrinking the money supply M3

Read more here: » Money: Encyclopedia - Money

A tunnel is an underground passage. When designed for use by traffic, it may be called an underpass. The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon. However, in general tunnels have a ratio of the length of the passage to the width of at least 2 to 1. In addition, they should be completely enclosed on all sides (save the openings) for the length of the covered area. A tunnel may be for pedestrians and/or cyclists, for general road traffic, for motor vehicles only, for rail traffic, or for a ca ...

Including:

• Tunnel - Types of tunnels
• Tunnel - Construction
• Tunnel - Choice of tunnels vs. bridges
• Tunnel - Very short tunnels
• Tunnel - Artificial Tunnels
• Tunnel - Examples of tunnels
• Tunnel - In history
• Tunnel - The longest
• Tunnel - Notable
• Tunnel - Other uses

Read more here: » Tunnel: Encyclopedia - Tunnel