The Elder Futhark (or Older Futhark, Old Futhark) are the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artefacts (jewellery, amulets, tools, weapons) and rune stones. In Scandinavia, the script was replaced by the Younger Futhark from the late 8th century, while the Anglo-Saxons replaced it with the Futhorc from the time of the invasion of England. Elder Futhark - Origins. Including:

• Elder Futhark - Origins
• Elder Futhark - The alphabet
• Elder Futhark - Names
• Elder Futhark - Inscription corpus
• Elder Futhark - Scandinavian inscriptions
• Elder Futhark - Continental inscriptions
• Elder Futhark - Distribution

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The Older Futhark (named after the initial phoneme of the first six rune names) consist of twenty-four runes, often arranged in three groups or aett of eight each: ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛞ ᛟ The common transliteration if these is: f u þ a r k g w h n i j ï p z s < ...

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Elder Futhark, Elder Futhark - Origins, Elder Futhark - The alphabet, Elder Futhark - Names, Elder Futhark - Inscription corpus, Elder Futhark - Scandinavian inscriptions, Elder Futhark - Continental inscriptions, Elder Futhark - Distribution

Read more here: » Elder Futhark: Encyclopedia II - Elder Futhark - The alphabet

The Older Futhark (named after the initial phoneme of the first six rune names) consist of twenty-four runes, often arranged in three rows of eight. The earliest known full sequential listing of the alphabet dates to ca. 400 and is found on the Kylver Stone in Gotland. Another early inscription was found on the Vadstena bracteate. The 24 letters are divided in three groups or aett of eight each: ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ See also:

Elder Futhark, Elder Futhark - Origins, Elder Futhark - The alphabet, Elder Futhark - Names, Elder Futhark - Inscription corpus, Elder Futhark - Scandinavian inscriptions, Elder Futhark - Continental inscriptions, Elder Futhark - Distribution

Read more here: » Elder Futhark: Encyclopedia II - Elder Futhark - The alphabet

Old Futhark inscriptions were found on artefacts scattered between the Carpathes and Lappland, with the highest concentration in Denmark. They are usually short inscriptions on jewellery (bracteates, fibulae, belt buckles), utensils (combs, spinning whorls) or weapons (lance tips, seaxes) and were mostly found in graves or bogs. Elder Futhark - Scandinavian inscriptions. Words frequently appearing in inscriptions on bracteates with possibly magical significance are alu, laþu and laukazSee also:

Elder Futhark, Elder Futhark - Origins, Elder Futhark - The alphabet, Elder Futhark - Names, Elder Futhark - Inscription corpus, Elder Futhark - Scandinavian inscriptions, Elder Futhark - Continental inscriptions, Elder Futhark - Distribution

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In prosody, alliterative verse is a form of verse that uses alliteration as the principal stylistic device to unify lines of poetry, as opposed to other devices such as rhyme. The most intensively studied traditions of alliterative verse are those found in the oldest literature of many Germanic languages. Alliterative verse, in various forms, is found widely in the literary traditions of the early Germanic languages. The Old English epic Beowulf, as well as most other Old English poetry, the Bavarian Muspillo, the Old Saxon Heliand, and the ...

Including:

• Alliterative verse - Common Germanic origins and features
• Alliterative verse - Old English poetic forms
• Alliterative verse - Accent
• Alliterative verse - Alliteration
• Alliterative verse - Survivals
• Alliterative verse - Old Norse poetic forms
• Alliterative verse - Fornyrðislag
• Alliterative verse - Ljóðaháttr
• Alliterative verse - Dróttkvætt
• Alliterative verse - Hrynhenda
• Alliterative verse - German forms
• Alliterative verse - In Old High German and Old Saxon
• Alliterative verse - Modern use
• Alliterative verse - References
• Alliterative verse - External links

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The inherited form of alliterative verse was modified somewhat in Old Norse poetry. In Old Norse, as a result of phonetic changes from the original common Germanic language, many unstressed syllables were lost. This lent Old Norse verse a characteristic terseness; the lifts tended to be crowded together at the expense of the weak syllables. In some lines, the weak syllables have been entirely suppressed. From the Hávamál: Deyr fé || deyja frændrSee also:

Alliterative verse, Alliterative verse - Common Germanic origins and features, Alliterative verse - Old English poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Accent, Alliterative verse - Alliteration, Alliterative verse - Survivals, Alliterative verse - Old Norse poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Fornyrðislag, Alliterative verse - Ljóðaháttr, Alliterative verse - Dróttkvætt, Alliterative verse - Hrynhenda, Alliterative verse - German forms, Alliterative verse - In Old High German and Old Saxon, Alliterative verse - Modern use, Alliterative verse - References, Alliterative verse - External links

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Alliterative verse - In Old High German and Old Saxon. In Old High German and Old Saxon alliterative verse (e. g. Hildebrandslied and Heliand), phonetic and grammatical changes caused the inherited form of the line to be altered in a direction opposite to the Old Norse development. In verse in these languages, weak syllables tend to proliferate, to accommodate the mandatory articles and particles these languages used. The famous lines 4 and 5 of the Hildebrandslied, where four or five weak syllables ...

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Alliterative verse, Alliterative verse - Common Germanic origins and features, Alliterative verse - Old English poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Accent, Alliterative verse - Alliteration, Alliterative verse - Survivals, Alliterative verse - Old Norse poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Fornyrðislag, Alliterative verse - Ljóðaháttr, Alliterative verse - Dróttkvætt, Alliterative verse - Hrynhenda, Alliterative verse - German forms, Alliterative verse - In Old High German and Old Saxon, Alliterative verse - Modern use, Alliterative verse - References, Alliterative verse - External links

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Old English poetry appears to be based upon one system of verse construction, a system which remained remarkably consistent for centuries, although some patterns of classical Old English verse begin to break down at the end of the Old English period. The most widely used system of classification is based on that developed by Eduard Sievers. It should be emphasized that Sievers' system is fundamentally a method of categorization rather than an full theory of meter. It does not, in other words, purport to describe the system the scops a ...

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Alliterative verse, Alliterative verse - Common Germanic origins and features, Alliterative verse - Old English poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Accent, Alliterative verse - Alliteration, Alliterative verse - Survivals, Alliterative verse - Old Norse poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Fornyrðislag, Alliterative verse - Ljóðaháttr, Alliterative verse - Dróttkvætt, Alliterative verse - Hrynhenda, Alliterative verse - German forms, Alliterative verse - In Old High German and Old Saxon, Alliterative verse - Modern use, Alliterative verse - References, Alliterative verse - External links

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The poetic forms found in the various Germanic languages are not identical, but there is sufficient similarity to make it clear that they are closely related traditions, stemming from a common Germanic source. Our knowledge about that common tradition, however, is based almost entirely on inference from surviving poetry. One statement we have about the nature of alliterative verse from a practicing alliterative poet is that of Snorri Sturluson in the Prose Edda. He describes metrical patterns and poetic devices used by skaldic poets a ...

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Alliterative verse, Alliterative verse - Common Germanic origins and features, Alliterative verse - Old English poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Accent, Alliterative verse - Alliteration, Alliterative verse - Survivals, Alliterative verse - Old Norse poetic forms, Alliterative verse - Fornyrðislag, Alliterative verse - Ljóðaháttr, Alliterative verse - Dróttkvætt, Alliterative verse - Hrynhenda, Alliterative verse - German forms, Alliterative verse - In Old High German and Old Saxon, Alliterative verse - Modern use, Alliterative verse - References, Alliterative verse - External links

Read more here: » Alliterative verse: Encyclopedia II - Alliterative verse - Common Germanic origins and features