Globalization is the term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that result from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange. It describes the increase of trade and investing due to the falling of barriers and the interdependence of countries. In specifically economic contexts, the term refers almost exclusively to the effects of trade, particularly trade liberalization or "free trade" (however, see "meanings" below). More broadly, the term refers to the overall integration, and resulting increase in interdependance, among global ...

Including:

• Globalization - Meanings
• Globalization - History
• Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization
• Globalization - Characteristics
• Globalization - Glocalization
• Globalization - Anti-globalization
• Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism
• Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

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Main article: "Anti-globalization". Various aspects of globalization are seen as harmful by public-interest activists as well as strong state nationalists. This movement has no unified name. "Anti-globalization" is the media's preferred term; it can lead to some confusion, as activists typically oppose certain aspects or forms of globalization, not globalization per se. Activists themselves, for example Noam Chomsky, have said that this name is meaningless as the aim of the movement is to globalize justice. Indeed, the global j ...

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Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Anti-globalization

"Globalization" can mean: Globalism, if the concept is reduced to its economic aspects, can be said to contrast with economic nationalism and protectionism. It is related to laissez-faire capitalism and neoliberalism. It shares a number of characteristics with internationalization and is often used interchangeably, although some prefer to use globalization to emphasize the erosion of the nation-state or national boundaries. Making connections between places on a global scale. Today, more and more places ...

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Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Meanings

To what extent a country is globalized in a particular year has until most recently been measured employing simple proxies like flows of trade, migration, or foreign direct investment. A more sophisticated approach to measuring globalization is the recent index calculated by the Swiss think tank KOF. The index measures the three main dimensions of globalization: economic, social, and political. In addition to three indices measuring these dimensions, an overall index of globalization and sub-indices referring to actual economic flows, econom ...

See also:

Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Globalization/internationalisation has become identified with a number of trends, most of which may have developed since World War II. These include greater international movement of commodities, money, information, and people; and the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures to allow this movement. The actual existence of some of these trends is debated. Economically Increase in international trade at a faster rate than the growth in the world economy Increase in internation ...

See also:

Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Characteristics

Supporters of democratic globalization can be labelled pro-globalists. They consider that the first phase of globalization, which was market-oriented, should be completed by a phase of building global political institutions representing the will of world citizens. The difference with other globalists is that they do not define in advance any ideology to orient this will, which should be left to the free choice of those citizens via a democratic process. Supporters of free trade point out that economic theories of comparative advantage ...

See also:

Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism

Supporters of democratic globalization can be labelled pro-globalists. They consider that the first phase of globalization, which was market-oriented, should be completed by a phase of building global political institutions representing the will of World citizens. The difference with other globalists is that they do not define in advance any ideology to orient this will, which should be left to the free choice of those citizens via a democratic process. Supporters of free trade point out that economic theories of comparative advantage ...

See also:

Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism

A term coined by Roland Robertson, glocalization describes a process whereby the "local" is integrated into the "global". This results in a heterigenization of cultures, as local quiditties of particular areas become disseminated around the world, and cultures clash with newly introduced cultural concepts, ideologies, practices, and so on. One keen example of glocalization is that of museums. Museums take local culture and history and prepare them for mass consumption, especially among tourists. Such manufacturing of local culture for mass consumption results in heterogenization, rather than homogenization, because it introd ...

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Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Glocalization

Since the word has both technical and political meanings, different groups will have differing histories of "globalization". In general use within the field of economics and political economy, however, it is a history of increasing trade between nations based on stable institutions that allow firms in different nations to exchange goods with minimal friction. The term "liberalization" came to mean the combination of laissez-faire economic theory with the removal of barriers to the movement of goods. This led to specialization of natio ...

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Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - History

There is much academic discussion about whether globalization is a real phenomenon or only an analytical artifact (a myth). Although the term is widespread, many authors argue that the characteristics attributed to globalization have already been seen at other moments in history. Also, many note that such features, including the increase in international trade and the greater role of multinational corporations, are not as deeply established as they may appear. For example, the United States global interventionist policy is also a stumbling p ...

See also:

Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization

Globalization has become identified with a number of trends, most of which may have developed since World War II. These include greater international movement of commodities, money, information, and people; and the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures to allow this movement. The actual existence of some of these trends is debated. Economically Increase in international trade at a faster rate than the growth in the world economy Increase in international flow of capital in ...

See also:

Globalization, Globalization - Meanings, Globalization - History, Globalization - Nature and existence of globalization, Globalization - Characteristics, Globalization - Glocalization, Globalization - Anti-globalization, Globalization - Pro-globalization globalism, Globalization - Measurement of Globalization

Read more here: » Globalization: Encyclopedia II - Globalization - Characteristics