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Global Positioning System

A Wisdom Archive on Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System

A selection of articles related to Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System

ARTICLES RELATED TO Global Positioning System

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Area Control Center - Center operations

Air traffic controllers working within a Center communicate via radio with pilots of instrument flight rules aircraft passing through the Center's airspace. A Center's communication frequencies (typically in the very high frequency amplitude modulation aviation bands, 118 MHz to 137 MHz, for overland control) are published in aeronautical charts and manuals, and will also be announced to a pilot by the previous controller during a hand-off. In addition to radios to communicate with aircraft, Center controllers have access to communica ...

See also:

Area Control Center, Area Control Center - FAA definition, Area Control Center - Subdivision of airspace into sectors, Area Control Center - Center operations, Area Control Center - Oceanic air traffic control, Area Control Center - ARTCCs in the United States, Area Control Center - ACCs in Canada

Read more here: » Area Control Center: Encyclopedia II - Area Control Center - Center operations

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - United States Army - Named Campaigns

United States Army - Revolutionary War. Lexington, 19 April 1775. Opening hostilities of the Revolutionary War occurred at Lexington, Massachusetts and Concord, Massachusetts on 19 April 1775, when a column of British troops that had moved out of Boston to seize rebel military stores at Concord was assailed by Minutemen (militia). The Massachusetts militia immediately placed the British in Boston under siege. Ticonderoga, 10 May 1775. At the same time as Lexington, steps were t ...

See also:

United States Army, United States Army - Components of the U.S. Army, United States Army - Structure of the U.S. Army, United States Army - Organization, United States Army - Named Campaigns, United States Army - Revolutionary War, United States Army - US UNits formed 1636-1791, United States Army - US Units formed 1792 to War of 1812, United States Army - US Regulars raised 1838-1860, United States Army - US Civil War, United States Army - Rank Structure, United States Army - Uniforms, United States Army - Leadership, United States Army - Major Commands of the United States Army, United States Army - Formations of the United States Army, United States Army - First Army First In Deed Reserve, United States Army - Third Army: Army Central Command ARCENT, United States Army - Fifth Army Reserve, United States Army - Seventh Army: United States Army Europe, United States Army - Eighth Army: South Korea, United States Army - Equipment, United States Army - Infantry equipment, United States Army - Vehicles, United States Army - External/Internal links

Read more here: » United States Army: Encyclopedia II - United States Army - Named Campaigns

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Lockheed U-2 - Details

The U-2, whose development name at Lockheed was the CL-282 Aquatone, needed an official name. It could not be named with letters such as B for bomber and F for fighter because its purpose was not for any of those specific designations. Also, since the project was under high secrecy, it could not be called a reconnaissance plane. Finally, the Air Force decided to call it a utility plane. Since the names U-1 and U-3 had already been chosen, the name given to the plane was U-2. The plane's nickname is the "Dragon Lady." Initially, ...

See also:

Lockheed U-2, Lockheed U-2 - Details, Lockheed U-2 - History, Lockheed U-2 - Losses, Lockheed U-2 - Variants, Lockheed U-2 - Bases, Lockheed U-2 - General characteristics, Lockheed U-2 - U-2 in popular culture

Read more here: » Lockheed U-2: Encyclopedia II - Lockheed U-2 - Details

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Non-directional beacon - Usage of NDBs

NDBs provide rudimentary navigation – essentially, the ability to fly a line through the sky. However, with the advent of VOR navigation, NDBs have found their niche in several applications. Non-directional beacon - Radials and airways. First, using the compass equipment on his aircraft, a pilot can track a specific radial over the station. A radial is a line passing through the station that points in a specific direction, such as 270 degrees (due West). NDB radials provide a charted ...

See also:

Non-directional beacon, Non-directional beacon - Automatic direction finders, Non-directional beacon - Usage of NDBs, Non-directional beacon - Radials and airways, Non-directional beacon - Fixes, Non-directional beacon - Instrument landing systems, Non-directional beacon - Technical, Non-directional beacon - Common errors, Non-directional beacon - Monitoring NDBs

Read more here: » Non-directional beacon: Encyclopedia II - Non-directional beacon - Usage of NDBs

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Satellite navigation system - History and theory

An early predecessor were the ground based LORAN and Omega systems, which used terrestrial longwave radio transmitters instead of satellites. These systems broadcast a radio pulse from a known "master" location, followed by repeated pulses from a number of "slave" stations. The delay between the reception and sending of the signal at the slaves was carefully controlled, allowing the receivers to compare the delay between reception and the delay between sending. From this the di ...

See also:

Satellite navigation system, Satellite navigation system - History and theory, Satellite navigation system - Civil and military uses, Satellite navigation system - Current and proposed satellite navigation systems, Satellite navigation system - GPS, Satellite navigation system - GLONASS, Satellite navigation system - Galileo, Satellite navigation system - EGNOS, Satellite navigation system - Beidou, Satellite navigation system - DORIS, Satellite navigation system - Topics to be covered

Read more here: » Satellite navigation system: Encyclopedia II - Satellite navigation system - History and theory

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Outer space - Space does not equal orbit

To perform an orbital spaceflight, a spacecraft must go higher and faster than for a sub-orbital spaceflight. A spacecraft has not made orbit until it is circling the Earth at a sufficiently great speed such that the weight of the spacecraft is exactly equal to the centripetal acceleration required to keep it in a circular orbit (see circular motion). It must not only rise above the atmosphere, but must also achieve a sufficient orbital speed (angular velocity). For a low Earth orbit, this is about 7.9 km/s (18,000 mph). Robert God ...

See also:

Outer space, Outer space - Milestones on the way to space, Outer space - Regions of outer space, Outer space - Space does not equal orbit

Read more here: » Outer space: Encyclopedia II - Outer space - Space does not equal orbit

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - VHF omnidirectional range - Using the VOR

A typical mechanical VOR display consists of a compass dial (usually called a compass card) surrounding a vertical needle and a To/From indicator. Outside the compass dial is a knob called the Omni Bearing Selector (OBS) that rotates the compass dial. All angles are referenced to magnetic north, to allow VOR and compass angles to be easily compared. Magnetic north differs from true north by a number called the magnetic variation, which varies depending on one's location around the world ...

See also:

VHF omnidirectional range, VHF omnidirectional range - How the VOR works, VHF omnidirectional range - Using the VOR, VHF omnidirectional range - VORs and aerial highways, VHF omnidirectional range - Accuracy, VHF omnidirectional range - Future, VHF omnidirectional range - References, VHF omnidirectional range - External links

Read more here: » VHF omnidirectional range: Encyclopedia II - VHF omnidirectional range - Using the VOR

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - BGM-109 Tomahawk - Tactical Tomahawk

By far the biggest improvement is making the Tomahawk Network-centric warfare-capable, using data from multiple sensors (aircraft, UAVs, satellites, foot soldiers, tanks, ships) to find its target. It will also be able to send data from its sensors to these platforms. It will be a part of the networked force envisioned by the Pentagon. ”Tactical Tomahawk” equips the TLAM with a TV-camera for battlefield observation loitering that allows warfighting commanders to assess damage to the target and to redirect the missile to an alterna ...

See also:

BGM-109 Tomahawk, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Description, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Tactical Tomahawk, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Other Details, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Operators, BGM-109 Tomahawk - United States Navy, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Royal Navy, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Royal Netherlands Navy, BGM-109 Tomahawk - Missiles in Same Category

Read more here: » BGM-109 Tomahawk: Encyclopedia II - BGM-109 Tomahawk - Tactical Tomahawk

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Transit satellite - History

The system was developed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory JHUAPL for the US Navy. The first successful tests of the system were made in 1960. The satellites (known as OSCAR or NOVA satellites) used in the system were placed in low polar orbits, at an altitude of 600 nautical miles (1,100 km), with an orbital period of about 106 minutes. A constellation of five satellites was required to provide global coverage. While the system was operational, at least ten satellites – one spare for each satellite in the basic ...

See also:

Transit satellite, Transit satellite - History, Transit satellite - Description, Transit satellite - The AN/UYK-1 Computer, Transit satellite - System Operation

Read more here: » Transit satellite: Encyclopedia II - Transit satellite - History

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Implementation Timetable

The timetable for airborne ADS-B equipage will be determined by ground and airborne facility implementation, equipment cost, perceived benefits of equipping and regulatory actions by the Civil Aviation Authorities (CAA). The cost to equip with ADS-B Out capability is relatively small and would benefit the airspace by enabling increased situational awareness. ADS-B In capability can provide additional benefits when ground stations and the critical mass of aircraft are also equipped. This data was t ...

See also:

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Usage, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Addressed and Broadcast ADS, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - ADS-B Physical Layer, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Mode S, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Universal Access Transceiver, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - VDL Mode 4, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Implementation Timetable, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Near-term Implementation 2006-2008, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Mid-term Implementation 2008-2012, Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Long-term Implementations 2012 and beyond

Read more here: » Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast: Encyclopedia II - Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast - Implementation Timetable

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Time dilation - Experimental confirmations

Time dilation has been tested a number of times. The routine work carried on in particle accelerators since the 1950s, such as those at CERN, is a continuously running test of the time dilation of special relativity. The specific experiments include: Time dilation - Velocity time dilation tests. Ives and Stilwell (1938, 1941), “An experimental study of the rate of a moving clock”, in two parts. These experiments measured the Doppler shift of the radiation emited from cathod rays, when viewed from ...

See also:

Time dilation, Time dilation - Experimental confirmations, Time dilation - Velocity time dilation tests, Time dilation - Gravitational time dilation tests, Time dilation - Velocity and gravitational time dilation combined tests, Time dilation - Time dilation and space flight, Time dilation - Simple inference of time dilation, Time dilation - Time dilation is symmetric between two inertial observers, Time dilation - Temporal coordinate systems and clock synchronization, Time dilation - The Space-time geometry of velocity time dilation

Read more here: » Time dilation: Encyclopedia II - Time dilation - Experimental confirmations

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - RQ-4 Global Hawk - Integrated system

The Global Hawk UAV system comprises an air vehicle segment consisting of air vehicles with sensor payloads, avionics, and data links; a ground segment consisting of a Launch and Recovery Element (LRE), and a Mission Control Element (MCE) with embedded ground communications equipment; a support element; and trained personnel. The Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS) is provided by Raytheon and consists of a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), electro-optical (EO), and infrared (IR) sensors. Either the EO or the IR sensors can operate simultaneou ...

See also:

RQ-4 Global Hawk, RQ-4 Global Hawk - Integrated system, RQ-4 Global Hawk - Variants, RQ-4 Global Hawk - Other operators, RQ-4 Global Hawk - In operation, RQ-4 Global Hawk - General characteristics

Read more here: » RQ-4 Global Hawk: Encyclopedia II - RQ-4 Global Hawk - Integrated system

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Oil platform - Platform types

Larger lake and sea-based oil platforms and oil rigs are some of the largest moveable man-made structures in the world. There are at least five distinct types of platforms and rigs: Immobile Platforms, built on concrete and/or steel legs anchored directly onto the seabed. Such platforms are, by virtue of their immobility, designed for very long term use (for instance the Hibernia platform). Semi-submersible Platforms having legs of sufficient buoyancy to cause the structure to float, but of weight sufficie ...

See also:

Oil platform, Oil platform - Platform types, Oil platform - Maintenance and supply, Oil platform - Risks, Oil platform - Environmental cost, Oil platform - Large platforms, Oil platform - History

Read more here: » Oil platform: Encyclopedia II - Oil platform - Platform types

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - RAF Tornado GR4 - History

British Tornados were built by British Aerospace as part of the tri-national company Panavia. The aircraft entered service as the Tornado GR1 in 1979. As early as 1984 the UK Ministry of Defence began studies of a Mid-Life Update (MLU) of the aircraft. The GR4 upgrade was not approved until 1994, which was revised to include lessons learned from the GR1's performance in the 1991 Gulf War. One major change was the move from low level penetration to medium level attacks, while maintaining the low level capability. The contracts were signed with British Aerospace (later BAE Systems) in 1994 for the upgrade of 142 GR1s to GR4 standar ...

See also:

RAF Tornado GR4, RAF Tornado GR4 - History, RAF Tornado GR4 - Military operations, RAF Tornado GR4 - Roles, RAF Tornado GR4 - Specifications, RAF Tornado GR4 - Units

Read more here: » RAF Tornado GR4: Encyclopedia II - RAF Tornado GR4 - History

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - RAF Tornado GR4A - History

The Tornado programme first began with Tornado GR1s, which were built by a tri-national company (Panavia). 30 GR1As were ordered and were either converted from GR1 standard or delivered as new build aircraft. The GR1A was not fitted with cannon, the space was used for SLIR (Sideways Looking Infra-Red) reconnaissance sensors, one on each side of the fuselage and a single IRLS (Infra-Red LineScan) reconnaissance sensor mounted on the underside of the fuselage. In the main picture one of the SLIR windows can be see ...

See also:

RAF Tornado GR4A, RAF Tornado GR4A - History, RAF Tornado GR4A - Specifications, RAF Tornado GR4A - Units

Read more here: » RAF Tornado GR4A: Encyclopedia II - RAF Tornado GR4A - History

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Lockheed U-2 - Details

The U-2, whose development name at Lockheed was the CL-282 Aquatone, needed an official name. It could not be named with letters such as B for bomber and F for fighter because its purpose was not for any of those specific designations. Also, since the project was under high secrecy, it could not be called a reconnaissance plane. Finally, the Air Force decided to call it a utility plane. Since the designations U-1 (de Havilland Canada "Otter") and U-3 (Cessna 310) had already been chosen, the designation given to the plane was U ...

See also:

Lockheed U-2, Lockheed U-2 - Details, Lockheed U-2 - History, Lockheed U-2 - Losses, Lockheed U-2 - Variants, Lockheed U-2 - Bases, Lockheed U-2 - General characteristics, Lockheed U-2 - U-2 in popular culture

Read more here: » Lockheed U-2: Encyclopedia II - Lockheed U-2 - Details

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - LIDAR - General description

The primary difference between lidar and radar is that with lidar, much shorter wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum are used, typically in the ultraviolet, visible, or near infrared. In general it is possible to image a feature or object only about the same size as the wavelength, or larger. Thus lidar is highly sensitive to aerosols and cloud particles and has many applications in atmospheric research and meteorology. An object needs to produce a dielectric discontinuity in order to reflect the transmitted wave. At radar (mic ...

See also:

LIDAR, LIDAR - General description, LIDAR - Applications, LIDAR - Design

Read more here: » LIDAR: Encyclopedia II - LIDAR - General description

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Jason 1 - Use of information

A number of satellites (See links) use exotic dual-band radar altimeters to measure height from a spacecraft. That measurement, coupled with orbital elements (possibly from GPS), enables determination of the topography. The two lengths of radio waves permit the altimeter to automatically correct for varying delays in the ionosphere. Over water, detailed satellite altitude information has proven amazingly useful. Humps in the water indicate gravitational concentrations, permitting a computer program to construct a maps of undersea feat ...

See also:

Jason 1, Jason 1 - Use of information

Read more here: » Jason 1: Encyclopedia II - Jason 1 - Use of information

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Linear feedback shift register - How it works

The list of the bits positions that affect the next state is called the tap sequence. In the diagram below, the sequence is [16,14,13,11]. The outputs that influence the input are called taps. A maximal LFSR produces an n-sequence (i.e. cycles through all possible states within the shift register), unless it contains all zeros, in which case it will never change. The sequence of numbers generated by a LFSR can be considered a binary numera ...

See also:

Linear feedback shift register, Linear feedback shift register - How it works, Linear feedback shift register - Output Stream Properties, Linear feedback shift register - Applications, Linear feedback shift register - A drop in replacement for Gray Code counters, Linear feedback shift register - Galois LFSRs, Linear feedback shift register - Uses in cryptography, Linear feedback shift register - Uses in digital broadcasting

Read more here: » Linear feedback shift register: Encyclopedia II - Linear feedback shift register - How it works

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Radio navigation - Lorenz

In the 1930s German radio engineers developed a new system, called the "Ultrakurzwellen-Landefunkfeuer" (LFF), or simply "Leitstrahl" (guiding beam) but referred to outside Germany as Lorenz, the name of the company manufacturing the equipments. In Lorentz two signals were broadcast on the same frequencies from highly directional antennas with beams a few degrees wide. One was pointed slightly to the left of the other, with a small angle in the middle where they overlapped. The signals were chosen as dots and dashes, tim ...

See also:

Radio navigation, Radio navigation - Lorenz, Radio navigation - VOR, Radio navigation - GEE, Radio navigation - LORAN, Radio navigation - GPS

Read more here: » Radio navigation: Encyclopedia II - Radio navigation - Lorenz

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - RoadShow - Business

RoadShow business includes of three main areas: MMOB, Transit Network and Merchandising business. The company aims at providing their clients with an effective advertising medium, which it argues to provide repetitive high impact, low cost advertising and a large audience, the potential for consumer impulse buying and mass reach of a diversified audience. RoadShow - MMOB. The Group's MMOB business includes installing, operating and maintaining equipment and LCD units in transit vehicles for the transmission of tailor-made programmes and advertisements, source programme content and marketing and se ...

See also:

RoadShow, RoadShow - The Corporation, RoadShow - RoadShow Media Ltd, RoadShow - Bus Focus Ltd, RoadShow - RoadVision Holdings China Ltd, RoadShow - RoadShow Creations Ltd, RoadShow - Business, RoadShow - MMOB, RoadShow - Transit network, RoadShow - Merchandising, RoadShow - Business in Mainland China, RoadShow - Programming, RoadShow - Future Development on Programming, RoadShow - Advertisement, RoadShow - Movement against RoadShow, RoadShow - A Captive Audience, RoadShow - Anti-bus TV Noise Groups, RoadShow - Awards, RoadShow - Directors and Executive Members, RoadShow - Other MMOBs in Hong Kong

Read more here: » RoadShow: Encyclopedia II - RoadShow - Business

Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - United States Army - Named Campaigns

United States Army - Revolutionary War. Lexington, 19 April 1775. Opening hostilities of the Revolutionary War occurred at Lexington, Massachusetts and Concord, Massachusetts on 19 April 1775, when a column of British troops that had moved out of Boston to seize rebel military stores at Concord was assailed by Minutemen. The Massachusetts militia immediately placed the British in Boston under siege. Ticonderoga, 10 May 1775. At the same time as Lexington, steps were taken to se ...

See also:

United States Army, United States Army - Components of the U.S. Army, United States Army - Structure of the U.S. Army, United States Army - Organization, United States Army - Named Campaigns, United States Army - Revolutionary War, United States Army - US Units {Regular & National Guard} formed 1636-1783, United States Army - US Units formed 1784 to 1821, United States Army - US Regulars raised 1838-1860, United States Army - US Civil War, United States Army - Rank Structure, United States Army - Uniforms, United States Army - Leadership, United States Army - Major Commands of the United States Army, United States Army - Formations of the United States Army, United States Army - First Army First In Deed Reserve, United States Army - Third Army: Army Central Command ARCENT, United States Army - Fifth Army Reserve, United States Army - Seventh Army: United States Army Europe, United States Army - Eighth Army: South Korea, United States Army - Equipment, United States Army - Infantry equipment, United States Army - Vehicles, United States Army - External/Internal links

Read more here: » United States Army: Encyclopedia II - United States Army - Named Campaigns

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