The system consists of a constellation of at least 24 satellites in 6 orbital planes. The GPS satellites were initially manufactured by Rockwell and now manufactured by Lockheed Martin. The first was launched in February 1978, and the most recent was launched September 25, 2005. Each satellite circles the Earth twice every day at an altitude of 20,200 kilometres (12,600 miles). The satellites carry atomic clocks and constantly broadcast the precise time according to their own clock, along with administrative information including the orbital elements of thei ...

See also:

Global Positioning System, Global Positioning System - Applications, Global Positioning System - Military, Global Positioning System - Civilian Navigation, Global Positioning System - Precise Time Reference, Global Positioning System - GPS for the visually impaired, Global Positioning System - Geocaching, Global Positioning System - GPS tracking, Global Positioning System - GPS on airplanes, Global Positioning System - Technical description, Global Positioning System - GPS Time, Global Positioning System - Sources of GPS measurement errors, Global Positioning System - Clocks, Global Positioning System - Ionosphere, Global Positioning System - Multipath, Global Positioning System - GPS Jamming, Global Positioning System - Selective Availability, Global Positioning System - Techniques to improve GPS accuracy, Global Positioning System - System reliability, Global Positioning System - GPS and Relativity, Global Positioning System - GPS is free for private and commercial use, Global Positioning System - Awards, Global Positioning System - Other systems

Read more here: » Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Global Positioning System - Technical description

A GPS receiver compares time signal transmissions from four or more satellites to calculate the precise time and its current position (latitude, longitude, elevation), using trilateration. The receiver computes the distance to each of the four satellites from the difference between local time and the time the satellite signals were sent (this distance is called a pseudorange). It then decodes the satelli ...

See also:

Global Positioning System, Global Positioning System - Applications, Global Positioning System - Military, Global Positioning System - Civilian navigation, Global Positioning System - GPS for the visually impaired, Global Positioning System - Geocaching, Global Positioning System - GPS on airplanes, Global Positioning System - Precise time reference, Global Positioning System - History, Global Positioning System - Satellites, Global Positioning System - Technical description, Global Positioning System - GPS and relativity, Global Positioning System - Awards, Global Positioning System - Sources of GPS measurement errors, Global Positioning System - Techniques to improve GPS accuracy, Global Positioning System - Selective availability, Global Positioning System - GPS jamming, Global Positioning System - Other systems

Read more here: » Global Positioning System: Encyclopedia II - Global Positioning System - Technical description

Definition and meaning of GPS:

GPS (Global Positioning System) - a network of satellites and receiving devices used to compute accurate geographical positions on the Earth. A GPS is used in navigation, and its precision supports cadastral surveying

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

This is a sitemap for Oceanography - G . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

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Oceanography, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

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Aviation or Air transport refers to the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. Aircraft, include fixed wing (airplane) and rotary wing (helicopter/autogyro) types, as well as lighter-than-air craft such as balloons and airships (also known as dirigibles.) There are two major categories of aviation: Civil aviation Military aviation Civil aviation includes bot ...

Read more here: » Aviation: Encyclopedia - Aviation

DGPS can refer to any type of Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS). There are many operational systems in use throughout the world, according to the US Coast Guard, 47 countries operate systems similar to the US NDGPS. Differential GPS - European DGPS Network. The European DGPS network has been mainly developed by the Finnish and Swedish maritime administrations in order to improve safety in the archipelago between the two countries.

See also:

Differential GPS, Differential GPS - History, Differential GPS - Operation, Differential GPS - Accuracy, Differential GPS - Benefits, Differential GPS - Drawbacks, Differential GPS - Variations, Differential GPS - European DGPS Network, Differential GPS - United States NDGPS, Differential GPS - Canadian DGPS, Differential GPS - References, Differential GPS - External links

Read more here: » Differential GPS: Encyclopedia II - Differential GPS - Variations

1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The world population growth in absolute numbers is believed to have been the highest ever around this time. [1] 1989 - Events. January 8 - the Kegworth Air Disaster - A British Midland Boeing 737 crashes on approach to East Midlands Airport - 44 dead January 16–18 - Race riots in Overtown, Miami January 10 - Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola January 10 - Assistant Austra ...

Including:

• 1989 - Events
• 1989 - February
• 1989 - March
• 1989 - April
• 1989 - May
• 1989 - June
• 1989 - July
• 1989 - August
• 1989 - September
• 1989 - October
• 1989 - November
• 1989 - December
• 1989 - Unknown Dates
• 1989 - Births
• 1989 - Deaths
• 1989 - January
• 1989 - February
• 1989 - March
• 1989 - April
• 1989 - May
• 1989 - June
• 1989 - July
• 1989 - August
• 1989 - September
• 1989 - October
• 1989 - November
• 1989 - December
• 1989 - Nobel Prizes
• 1989 - Templeton Prize
• 1989 - Right Livelihood Award

Read more here: » 1989: Encyclopedia - 1989

Historically, distances were measured using a variety of means, such as chains with links of a known length, for instance a Gunter's Chain (see Edmund Gunter), or measuring tapes made of steel or invar. In order to measure horizontal distances, these chains or tapes would be pulled taut, to reduce sagging and slack. Additionally, attempts to hold the measuring instrument level would be made. In instances of measuring up a slope, the surveyor might have to "break" the measurment- that is, raise the rear part of the tape upward, plumb fr ...

See also:

Surveying, Surveying - Method, Surveying - Origins, Surveying - Types of surveys, Surveying - Surveying as a career, Surveying - Famous surveyors

Read more here: » Surveying: Encyclopedia II - Surveying - Method

TACAN in general can be described as the military version of the VOR/DME system. It operates in the frequency band 960-1215 MHz. The bearing unit of TACAN is more accurate than a standard VOR since it makes use of a two frequency principle, with 15 Hz and 135 Hz components. The distance measurement component of TACAN operates with the same specifications as do civil DMEs. Therefore to reduce the number of required stations TACAN stations are frequently co-located with VOR facilities. These co-located stations are known as VORTACs. Thi ...

See also:

TACAN, TACAN - Operation, TACAN - Accuracy, TACAN - Benefits, TACAN - Drawbacks, TACAN - Future, TACAN - References, TACAN - External links

Read more here: » TACAN: Encyclopedia II - TACAN - Operation

Navigation - Modern methods. There are several different branches of navigation, including but not limited to: celestial navigation - navigation by observation of the sun, moon and stars pilotage - using visible natural and man made features such as sea marks and beacons dead reckoning - using compass and log to monitor expected progress on a journey waypoint navigation - using electronic equipment such as radio navigation and satellite navigation system to follow a course ...

See also:

Navigation, Navigation - Polynesian navigation, Navigation - Western navigation, Navigation - Modern methods, Navigation - History, Navigation - Point measure of direction

Read more here: » Navigation: Encyclopedia II - Navigation - Western navigation

LAAS is designed to correct some of the aviation-related problems of GPS. One problem is the lack of a real-time, rapid-response monitoring system. ILS systems have built-in monitoring equipment that will shut the system down if the monitor detects problems. Category I equipment will normally alert the user of the problem within six to ten seconds of an alarm. GPS has no such rapid-warning system. For example, if a satellite develops a clock problem, there is no way to rapidly warn the user not to use that satellite. WAAS, LAAS and other dif ...

See also:

Local Area Augmentation System, Local Area Augmentation System - History, Local Area Augmentation System - Operation, Local Area Augmentation System - Accuracy, Local Area Augmentation System - Benefits, Local Area Augmentation System - Drawbacks, Local Area Augmentation System - Variations, Local Area Augmentation System - Future, Local Area Augmentation System - References, Local Area Augmentation System - External links

Read more here: » Local Area Augmentation System: Encyclopedia II - Local Area Augmentation System - History

The A-10/OA-10 Thunderbolt II, nicknamed and universally known as the "Warthog", is the first US Air Force aircraft designed for close air support of ground forces. It is a simple, effective and hardy single-seat, twin-engine jet aircraft designed to attack tanks, armored vehicles, and other ground targets. It is named after the P-47 Thunderbolt of World War II. A-10 Thunderbolt II - Description. The A-10/OA-10 has excellent maneuverability at low speeds and altitude, thanks to wide, straight wings. These a ...

Including:

• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Description
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Operational service
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Specifications A-10 Thunderbolt II
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Dimensions
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Powerplant
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Weights
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Take-off weights
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Performance
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Combat radii
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Armament
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Television films and video games
• A-10 Thunderbolt II - Related content

Read more here: » A-10 Thunderbolt II: Encyclopedia - A-10 Thunderbolt II

Pro Tech Monitoring has been a leader in the Global Positioning System (GPS) offender tracking market since 1997. As of 2005, Pro Tech Monitoring was the only company in the world that had successfully fielded equipment to track offenders using GPS. The system was available then with no risk or developmental learning curve associated. The Pro Tech Monitoring SMART® System utilizes GPS position information from United States Department of Defense satellites, the cellular networking system, proprietary software, the compa ...

Read more here: » Pro Tech: Encyclopedia - Pro Tech

The onboard electronics used for piloting an aircraft are called avionics (AVI-ation electr-ONICS). Avionics include communications and navigation systems, autopilots, and electronic flight management systems (FMS). Onboard electronics that are unrelated to piloting tasks, such as video systems for passengers, are sometimes considered avionics as well. Many of these devices include embedded computers. Avionics - History. Radiotelephone (two way voice radio) systems have been installed in aircraft since befo ...

Including:

• Avionics - History
• Avionics - Auxiliary and diagnostic systems
• Avionics - Recent advances
• Avionics - Global Positioning System GPS
• Avionics - Glass cockpits

Read more here: » Avionics: Encyclopedia - Avionics

An accelerometer is a device for measuring acceleration. An accelerometer inherently measures its own motion, in contrast to a device based on remote sensing. One application for accelerometers is to measure gravity, whereas an accelerometer is specifically configured for use in gravimetry. Such a device is called a gravimeter. Accelerometers are used along with gyroscopes in inertial guidance systems, as well as in many other scientific and engineering systems. One of the most common uses for micro electro-mechanical ...

Including:

• Accelerometer - In biology

Read more here: » Accelerometer: Encyclopedia - Accelerometer

Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. It usually takes place on trails in areas of relatively unspoiled wilderness. Off-trail hiking is often called 'bushwalking', 'bushwhacking', 'bush-bashing' or 'cross country hiking'. Overnight hiking is more specifically called 'backpacking'. The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries, but regional terms also exist. In the United Kingdom, the activity is often simply called 'walking'. Australians use ...

Including:

• Hiking - Comparison with other forms of touring
• Hiking - Ecological impact of hiking
• Hiking - Etiquette of hiking
• Hiking - Personal safety issues
• Hiking - General safety measures
• Hiking - Bodily injuries
• Hiking - Metabolic imbalances
• Hiking - Losing the way
• Hiking - Other hazards

Read more here: » Hiking: Encyclopedia - Hiking

The Army is the branch of the United States armed forces that has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. As of fiscal year 2004 (FY04), it consisted of 485,500 soldiers (including 71,400 women) on active duty and 591,000 in reserve (325,000 in the Army National Guard (ARNG) and 246,000 in the United States Army Reserve (USAR)). The Continental Army was formed on June 14, 1775, before the establishment of the United States, to meet the demands of the American Revolutionary War. Congress created the United States Arm ...

Including:

• United States Army - Components of the U.S. Army
• United States Army - Structure of the U.S. Army
• United States Army - Organization
• United States Army - Named Campaigns
• United States Army - Revolutionary War
• United States Army - US UNits formed 1636-1791
• United States Army - US Units formed 1792 to War of 1812
• United States Army - US Regulars raised 1838-1860
• United States Army - US Civil War
• United States Army - Rank Structure
• United States Army - Uniforms
• United States Army - Leadership
• United States Army - Major Commands of the United States Army
• United States Army - Formations of the United States Army
• United States Army - First Army First In Deed Reserve
• United States Army - Third Army: Army Central Command ARCENT
• United States Army - Fifth Army Reserve
• United States Army - Seventh Army: United States Army Europe
• United States Army - Eighth Army: South Korea
• United States Army - Equipment
• United States Army - Infantry equipment
• United States Army - Vehicles
• United States Army - External/Internal links

Read more here: » United States Army: Encyclopedia - United States Army

This article is about the radio navigation aid, see vestibulo-ocular reflex for the important eye movement that has provided insight into cerebellum-dependent motor learning. VOR, short for VHF Omni-directional Radio Range, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft. VORs broadcast a VHF radio signal encoding both the identity of the station and the angle to it, telling the pilot in what direction he lies from the VOR station, referred to as the radial. Comparing two such measures on a chart allows f ...

Including:

• VHF omnidirectional range - How the VOR works
• VHF omnidirectional range - Using the VOR
• VHF omnidirectional range - VORs and aerial highways
• VHF omnidirectional range - Accuracy
• VHF omnidirectional range - Future
• VHF omnidirectional range - References
• VHF omnidirectional range - External links

Read more here: » VHF omnidirectional range: Encyclopedia - VHF omnidirectional range

A weather balloon is a balloon which carries instruments aloft to send back information on atmospheric pressure, temperature, and humidity by means of a small, expendable measuring device called a radiosonde. To obtain wind data, they can be tracked by radar, radio direction finding, or navigation systems (such as the satellite based Global Positioning System). The balloon itself produces the lift, and is usually made of a highly flexible latex material (though Chloroprene may also be used). The unit that performs the actual me ...

Read more here: » Weather balloon: Encyclopedia - Weather balloon

The 1991 Gulf War also known as Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of approximately 30 nations[1] mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990, following Iraqi contentions that Kuwait was illegally "slant-drilling" oil across Iraq's border. The invasion was met with immediate economic sanc ...

Including:

• Gulf War - Name
• Gulf War - Causes
• Gulf War - Pre-war Iraqi-American relations
• Gulf War - Invasion of Kuwait
• Gulf War - Diplomacy
• Gulf War - Air campaign
• Gulf War - Ground campaign
• Gulf War - The end of hostilities
• Gulf War - Coalition involvement
• Gulf War - Canada
• Gulf War - Casualties
• Gulf War - Casualties during the War
• Gulf War - The Post-War Effects of Depleted Uranium
• Gulf War - Cost
• Gulf War - Media
• Gulf War - Consequences
• Gulf War - Technology
• Gulf War - Films about the Gulf War
• Gulf War - Further reading
• Gulf War - Notes

Read more here: » Gulf War: Encyclopedia - Gulf War