Giuseppe Garibaldi

Sicily is well known as a country of art: many poets and writers were born on this region, starting from the Sicilian School in the early 13th century, which inspired much subsequent Italian poetry and created the first Italian standard. The most famous, however, are Luigi Pirandello, Giovanni Verga, Salvatore Quasimodo, Gesualdo Bufalino and the dialectal poet Ignazio Buttitta. Other Sicilian artists include the composers Sigismondo d'India (from Palermo), Vincenzo Bellini (from Catania), as well ...

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Sicily, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - Transport, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - History, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Footnotes

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Italy is largely homogeneous in language and religion but is diverse culturally, economically, and politically. The country has the fifth-highest population density in Europe at 194 persons per square kilometre. Indigenous minority groups are small. For a country of 58.4 million people, Italy has a smaller number of migrants compared to France and Germany. Since the beginning of Roman civilisation, important ethnic groups like Greek settlers, Germanic and Celtic invaders and plunderers, and Norman colonisers have all left important impres ...

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Italy, Italy - History, Italy - Politics, Italy - Regions, Italy - Geography, Italy - Demographics, Italy - Religion, Italy - Economy, Italy - Culture, Italy - Languages, Italy - Notes

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Italy consists predominantly of a large peninsula (the Italian peninsula) with a distinctive boot shape that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, where together with its two main islands Sicily and Sardinia it creates distinct bodies of water, such as the Adriatic Sea to the north-east, the Ionian Sea to the south-east, the Tyrrhenian Sea to the south-west and finally the Ligurian Sea to the north-west. The Apennine mountains form the backbone of this peninsula, leading north-west to where they join the Alps, the mountain range that th ...

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Italy, Italy - History, Italy - Politics, Italy - Regions, Italy - Geography, Italy - Demographics, Italy - Religion, Italy - Economy, Italy - Culture, Italy - Languages, Italy - Notes

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The 1948 Constitution of Italy established a bicameral parliament (Parlamento), consisting of a Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati) and a Senate (Senato della Repubblica), a separate judiciary, and an executive branch composed of a Council of Ministers (cabinet) (Consiglio dei ministri), headed by the prime minister (Presidente del consiglio dei ministri). The President of the Republic (Presidente della Repubblica) is elected for 7 years by the parliament sitting jointly with a small number of ...

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Italy, Italy - History, Italy - Politics, Italy - Regions, Italy - Geography, Italy - Demographics, Italy - Religion, Italy - Economy, Italy - Culture, Italy - Languages, Italy - Notes

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Italy is subdivided into 20 regions (regioni, singular regione), of which five enjoy a special autonomous status that enables them to enact legislation on some of their specific local matters, marked by an *: Abruzzo (with capital L'Aquila) Aosta Valley*, Valle d'Aosta / Vallée d'Aoste (Aosta) Apulia, Puglia (Bari) Basilicata (Potenza) Calabria (Catanzaro) Campania (Naples, Napoli) Emilia-Romagna (Bologna) Friuli-Venezia Giulia* (T ...

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Italy, Italy - History, Italy - Politics, Italy - Regions, Italy - Geography, Italy - Demographics, Italy - Religion, Italy - Economy, Italy - Culture, Italy - Languages, Italy - Notes

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The first independence war was declared by the Savoy's Kingdom of Sardinia, in 1848, with the alliance of other Italian states. After an initial successful campaign, with the victories at Goito and Peschiera del Garda, the pope recalled his troops, soon being followed by the other allies. The kingdom of the Two Sicilies too retired, but the general Guglielmo Pepe refused to go back to Naples and went to Venice to protect it. After the annexion of Lombardy, the expansionist interests of Savoyards became quite evident, and - remained al ...

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Italian Independence wars, Italian Independence wars - The first independence war, Italian Independence wars - The second independence war, Italian Independence wars - The third independence war

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For more information, see Flag of Sicily. The regional flag of Sicily, recognized since January 2000, is also the historical one of the island, since 1282. It is divided diagonally yellow over red, with the trinacria symbol in the center. The trinacria symbol is used also by the Isle of Man. ...

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Sicily, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - Transport, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - History, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Footnotes

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Main article: Demographics of San Marino; see also Demographics of Italy. There is no significant difference between the demographics of San Marino and Italy. The state has a population of more than 28,000, including 1,000 foreigners, most of whom are Italians. About 5,000 Sammarinese live in foreign countries, predominantly in Italy. The languages spoken are Italian and Emiliano-Romagnolo, and Rom ...

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San Marino, San Marino - History, San Marino - Politics, San Marino - Municipalities, San Marino - Geography, San Marino - Economy, San Marino - Sport, San Marino - Demographics, San Marino - Culture, San Marino - Miscellaneous topics

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After the surrender of Napoleon in 1814 Napier and his ship were transferred to the coast of America, where the War of 1812 was still in progress. He took part in the expedition up the Potomac to Alexandria, as second in command to Captain James Alexander Gordon. The British squadron took 10 days to travel 50 miles upriver, with many strandings and damage from a tornado, but on 28 August after bombardment they captured Fort Washington; the town of Alexandria capitulated and the shipping there was seized. The squadron successfully withdrew downriver with their prizes despite Ame ...

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Charles Napier naval officer, Charles Napier naval officer - Napoleonic service, Charles Napier naval officer - American War and the 'Hundred Days', Charles Napier naval officer - Steam and iron, Charles Napier naval officer - Portugal, Charles Napier naval officer - Syria, Charles Napier naval officer - Parliament and Channel Fleet, Charles Napier naval officer - Baltic Campaign, Charles Napier naval officer - Retirement, Charles Napier naval officer - Character

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This region is faced to Calabria over the Strait of Messina, and that's the only conterminous region. The volcano Etna, is situated close to Catania. Etna is 3,320 m (10,900 ft) high, making it the tallest volcano in Europe. It is also one of the world's most active volcanos. The Aeolian islands to the north are administratively a part of Sicily, as are the Aegadian Islands and Pantelleria Island to the west, Ustica Island to the north-west, and the ...

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Sicily, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - Transport, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - History, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Footnotes

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La Maddalena is the largest town in the Maddalena archipelago, just 2 kilometres from the northeastern shore of Sardinia and sitting in the Straits of Bonifacio, between it and Corsica. Its population was counted at 11,369 inhabitants in the 2001 census. The town of La Maddalena is located on the island of the same name, Isola Maddalena. La Maddalena now derives much of its income from tourism and from the U.S. Naval base on Santo Stefano. The only method of traveling to La Maddalena is by boat, with car ferries travelling from ne ...

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La Maddalena, La Maddalena - The Town, La Maddalena - The Island, La Maddalena - History, La Maddalena - Sources

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Vehicles Most of Sicily's motorways (autostrade) run through the north of the region - the most important ones being A19 Palermo - Catania, A20 Palermo - Messina, A29 Palermo - Mazara del Vallo and the paid-for A18 Messina - Catania. Much of the motorway network is raised on columns due to the mountainous terrain. The road network in the south of the country consists of well maintained, yet not motor ...

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Sicily, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - Transport, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - History, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Footnotes

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Aquila was obtained through the conversion of the kneel of the ocean liner Roma; since a Roma battleship was already under construction, the name of the ship was changed to Aquila. The propulsion section was obtained combining two motor compounds built for two light cruisers of the Capitani Romani cruisers that had been dropped in 1941 (Cornelio Silla and Paolo Emilio). She had a single, continuous flight deck 211.6 x 25.2 m wide at 23 m on the sea, with 2 German-built Demag catapults. The big ...

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Italian aircraft carrier Aquila, Italian aircraft carrier Aquila - Italian aircraft carriers, Italian aircraft carrier Aquila - Aquila design, Italian aircraft carrier Aquila - Aquila fate

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Bose is said to have died in a plane crash over Taiwan while flying to Tokyo in August 1945. However, his body was never recovered, and conspiracy theories concerning his possible survival abound. One such claim is that Bose actually died in Siberia, while in Soviet captivity. Harin Shah, an Indian journalist, visited Taipei and was shown a plane crash site (supposedly of Bose's plane). Photos can be found at [2] In May 1956 a four-man Indian team visited Japan to probe the circumstances of Bose's alleged death in the crash of a milit ...

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Subhash Chandra Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose - Early life, Subhash Chandra Bose - Actions during the Second World War, Subhash Chandra Bose - The Great Escape, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose - Political views, Subhash Chandra Bose - Assassination Attempts, Subhash Chandra Bose - Re-evaluation of Netaji, Subhash Chandra Bose - Death, Subhash Chandra Bose - In media, Subhash Chandra Bose - Cinema, Subhash Chandra Bose - Documentary / Television, Subhash Chandra Bose - Reading List

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Nice - Births. Nice was the birthplace of: Andre Massena (1758-1817), Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling, soldier in the armies of Napoleon and a Marshal of France Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1885), nationalist revolutionary and Italy's most famous soldier of the Risorgimento Melchior de Vogue (1848-1910), author Albert Calmette (1863-1933), physician, bacteriologist and immunologist Marcel Journet (1867-1933), tenor Robert Caesar Childers (1838-1876), British ...

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Nice, Nice - Administration, Nice - History, Nice - Culture, Nice - Transportation, Nice - Miscellaneous, Nice - Births

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Bismarck's domestic policies played a great role in forging the authoritarian political culture of the Kaiserreich. Less preoccupied by continental power politics following unification in 1871, Germany's semi-parliamentary government carried out a relatively smooth economic and political revolution from above that pushed them along the way towards becoming the world's leading industrial power of the time. Not only did German manufacturers capture German markets from British imports, by the 1870s, British manufacturers in the st ...

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German Empire, German Empire - Bismarck's founding of the Empire, German Empire - List of Constituent States of the Empire, German Empire - Conservative modernization, German Empire - Militarism, German Empire - After Bismarck, German Empire - Legacy, German Empire - Reference

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Piacenza is one of the most renowned art cities of Italy. It is called the "Palaces City" for the great numbers of historical palaces, often characterized by splendid gardens. Piacenza - Palaces. Palazzo Farnese, began in 1568 by Ottavio Farnese and his wife, Margaret of Austria. The initial project was devised by Francesco Paciotto, from Urbino, and works were entrusted to Giovanni Bernardo Della Valle, Giovanni Lavezzari and Bernardo Panizzari (Caramosino). The design was modified in 1568 by Jacopo Barozzi, better known as Vignola.

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Piacenza, Piacenza - History, Piacenza - Ancient history, Piacenza - Middle Ages, Piacenza - Modern era, Piacenza - Union with Italy, Piacenza - Culture and places of interest, Piacenza - Palaces, Piacenza - Other places of interest, Piacenza - Dialect, Piacenza - Food, Piacenza - Famous inhabitants

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Among the culinary specialties of the Piacenza region (although also enjoyed in nearby Cremona) is mostarda di frutta, consisting of preserved fruits in a sugary syrup strongly flavored with mustard. Turtlìt (tortelli dolci in standard Italian), or fruit dumplings, are filled with mostarda di frutta, mashed chestnuts, and other ingredients, and are served at Easter. Turtlìt are also popular in the Ferrara area. Turtéi, a similarly named Piacentine specialty, is a kind of ...

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Piacenza, Piacenza - History, Piacenza - Ancient history, Piacenza - Middle Ages, Piacenza - Modern era, Piacenza - Union with Italy, Piacenza - Culture and places of interest, Piacenza - Palaces, Piacenza - Other places of interest, Piacenza - Dialect, Piacenza - Food, Piacenza - Famous inhabitants

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Nice has a distinct culture due to its unique history. The local language Niçard is still spoken by a minority and there are strong Italian and Corsican influences as well as Occitan. Niçard is a Occitan dialect but strong Italian influence makes it less unintelligible with other non-extinct Provençal dialects that exist around. Local food culture, which includes pissaladiere a pie with onions and anchovies paste; socca, a kind of pancake made from chickpea flour; bouillabaisse and fish soup; "Stockfish" (traditionall ...

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Nice, Nice - Administration, Nice - History, Nice - Culture, Nice - Transportation, Nice - Miscellaneous, Nice - Births

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One of the by-products of conservative modernization was militarism. To unite the upper classes—both the military-aristocracy and industrialists—militarism proved necessary to continue modernization without changing socio-political structures. Each of the elites in the ruling coalition of the Empire found some advantages in formal, overseas expansion: mammoth monopolies wanted imperial support to secure overseas investments against competition and domestic political tensions abroad; bureaucrats wanted more occupations; military officers ...

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German Empire, German Empire - Bismarck's founding of the Empire, German Empire - List of Constituent States of the Empire, German Empire - Conservative modernization, German Empire - Militarism, German Empire - After Bismarck, German Empire - Legacy, German Empire - Reference

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In 1941, when the British learned that Bose had sought the support of the Axis Powers, they ordered their agents to assassinate Bose. This remarkable claim comes from Irish historian Dr. Eunan O'Halpin, who is the author of several books on British intelligence and teaches at Trinity College, Dublin. British agents were instructed to intercept and kill Bose before he reached Germany via the Middle East, according to Professor O'Halpin. According to him, a recently declassified intelligence document refers to a top-secret instruction to the Special Ope ...

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Subhash Chandra Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose - Early life, Subhash Chandra Bose - Actions during the Second World War, Subhash Chandra Bose - The Great Escape, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose - Political views, Subhash Chandra Bose - Assassination Attempts, Subhash Chandra Bose - Re-evaluation of Netaji, Subhash Chandra Bose - Death, Subhash Chandra Bose - In media, Subhash Chandra Bose - Cinema, Subhash Chandra Bose - Documentary / Television, Subhash Chandra Bose - Reading List

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The INA is fondly remembered by some Japanese and Indian historians who see Japanese efforts to support Bose as supporting the view that it was fighting a war on behalf of the oppressed peoples of Asia. In addition, the INA is seen by some as an organisation devoid of the divisive energies of parochialism that have since plagued India. Bose's portrait is also hung in the Indian Parliament and a statue ha ...

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Subhash Chandra Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose - Early life, Subhash Chandra Bose - Actions during the Second World War, Subhash Chandra Bose - The Great Escape, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Germany, Subhash Chandra Bose - In Japan, Subhash Chandra Bose - Political views, Subhash Chandra Bose - Assassination Attempts, Subhash Chandra Bose - Re-evaluation of Netaji, Subhash Chandra Bose - Death, Subhash Chandra Bose - In media, Subhash Chandra Bose - Cinema, Subhash Chandra Bose - Documentary / Television, Subhash Chandra Bose - Reading List

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