In ancient times settlers of the area were the Equi, an Italic people. In 304 BC they were won by the Romans, who subsequently introduced their civilization and took advantage of the waters of the Aniene river. The names the city has nowadays comes from the artificial lakes of the luxurious villa that emperor Nero had had built here: in Latin sublaqueum means "under the lake", and name extended to the town that had grown in the nearby. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the villa and the town were ab ...

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Subiaco Italy, Subiaco Italy - History, Subiaco Italy - Main sights

Read more here: » Subiaco Italy: Encyclopedia II - Subiaco Italy - History

San Marino claims to be the world's oldest republic still in existence, founded in 301 CE by a skilled builder referred to as St. Marinus. Legally part of the Roman Empire at the time, its foundation does not correspond to its legal existence. Its written constitution was adopted on October 8, 1600. The tiny nation was recognized by Napoleon's France in 1797, and by the other European nations at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Although a sovereign nation, it is strongly dependent on It ...

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San Marino, San Marino - History, San Marino - Politics, San Marino - Municipalities, San Marino - Geography, San Marino - Economy, San Marino - Sport, San Marino - Demographics, San Marino - Culture, San Marino - Miscellaneous topics

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The autochthonous peoples of Sicily, long absorbed into the population, were tribes known to Greek writers as the Elymians, the Sicani and the Siculi or Sicels. Of these, the last were clearly the latest to arrive on this land and were related to other Indo-European tribes of southern Italy, such as the Italoi of Calabria, the Oenotrians, Chones, and Leuterni (or Leutarni), the Opicans, and the Ausones. It's possible, however, that the Sicani were originally an Iberian tribe. The Elymi, too, may have distant origins outside ...

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Sicily, Sicily - Geography, Sicily - Transport, Sicily - Towns and Cities, Sicily - Flag, Sicily - Arts, Sicily - History, Sicily - Sicilian people, Sicily - Sicilian language, Sicily - List of Sicilians, Sicily - List of Sicilian-Americans, Sicily - List of part-Sicilians, Sicily - Footnotes

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The Maddalena archipelago, and thus presumably La Maddalena, is known from archaelogical evidence to have been occupied in prehistoric times, but its written history begins with the Roman Empire. The islands were the object of a dispute between Pisa and Genova in the 12th century and were later abandoned only to be recolonised by Corsican shepherds and later by the first Sardinian settlers in the 16th century. La Maddalena has undergone many name changes: the Romans named it "Ilva", "Fussa and "Bucina" and in the Middle Ages the islan ...

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La Maddalena, La Maddalena - The Town, La Maddalena - The Island, La Maddalena - History, La Maddalena - Sources

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Aquila is considered the first aircraft carrier built for the Italian Navy, and the only one before the Giuseppe Garibaldi. However, the Regia Marina had already tested the capabilities of ships with improved air capabilities, just after World War I. In 1923, the seaplane carrier Giuseppe Miraglia was launched. The role of the aircraft carriers was undervalued by the Regia Marina, as well as by other navies, up until 1940; furthermore, the Regia Marina was to operate in the narrow Mediterranean sea, close to Itali ...

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Italian aircraft carrier Aquila, Italian aircraft carrier Aquila - Italian aircraft carriers, Italian aircraft carrier Aquila - Aquila design, Italian aircraft carrier Aquila - Aquila fate

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FS Charles de Gaulle - Refitting. On 16 September 2001, slightly abnormal radioactivity levels aboard the Charles de Gaulle, probably due to a faulty isolation element, were reported by the French press. While the USA were preparing their retaliation for the attack of the 11th of September 2001 in the form of "Operation Enduring Freedom", the media complained about the lack of deployable French military power. At the same time, the Defence Commission reported the maintenance of the Fleet to b ...

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FS Charles de Gaulle, FS Charles de Gaulle - Development, FS Charles de Gaulle - Construction, FS Charles de Gaulle - Spying incident, FS Charles de Gaulle - Trials and technical problems, FS Charles de Gaulle - Active Service, FS Charles de Gaulle - Refitting, FS Charles de Gaulle - Liaison 16, FS Charles de Gaulle - Gas incident, FS Charles de Gaulle - Afghanistan : Mission Héracles, FS Charles de Gaulle - Indian-Pakistani crisis, FS Charles de Gaulle - Rescue mission, FS Charles de Gaulle - Integration in the future Navy, FS Charles de Gaulle - External link, FS Charles de Gaulle - Pictures

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Entering parliament in 1861 as deputy of the extreme Left for the Castelvetrano commune, Crispi acquired the reputation of being the most aggressive and most impetuous member of the republican party. In 1864, however, he announced he was a monarchist, in the famous phrase afterwards repeated in his letter to Mazzini: The monarchy unites us; the republic would divide us. In 1866 he refused to enter Baron Bettino Ricasoli's cabinet; in 1867 he worked to impede the Garibaldian invasion of the papal states, fore ...

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Francesco Crispi, Francesco Crispi - Sicily, Francesco Crispi - Parliament and government, Francesco Crispi - Bigamy scandal, Francesco Crispi - First term, Francesco Crispi - Return to power and second term, Francesco Crispi - Legacy

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With the election of the liberal Pope Pius IX to the papacy in 1846, Cavour felt that the chance for him to advocate reform had come. In 1847 he founded Il Risorgimento ("The Resurgence," later to become a general term for the unification of Italy), a newspaper espousing liberalism, constitutionalism, and unification. As editor, he soon became a powerful figure in Sardinian politics. During 1848, a wave of violent revolutions swept Europe. The uprising in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies terrified King Charles Albert of Piedmont ...

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Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Early political career, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Path to unification

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Napier was the second son of Captain the Hon. Charles Napier, RN, and grandson of Francis, 6th Lord Napier; he was thus a direct descendant of the great mathematician John Napier. He was born at Merchiston Hall, near Falkirk, on 6 March 1786. He became a midshipman in 1800; and served aboard HMS Renown, flagship of Sir John Borlase Warren, and later aboard the frigate Greyhound under Captain William Hoste. He was promoted lieutenant in 1805. He was appointed to Courageux (74), and was present in her in the West Indies at the ac ...

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Charles Napier naval officer, Charles Napier naval officer - Napoleonic service, Charles Napier naval officer - American War and the 'Hundred Days', Charles Napier naval officer - Steam and iron, Charles Napier naval officer - Portugal, Charles Napier naval officer - Syria, Charles Napier naval officer - Parliament and Channel Fleet, Charles Napier naval officer - Baltic Campaign, Charles Napier naval officer - Retirement, Charles Napier naval officer - Character

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The city's monuments include: Palazzo Moncada is a large building, remained unfinished, erected in 1635 by Guglielmo Moncada. It has finely decorated corbels in the balconies of the main floor. The Cathedral (Santa Maria la Nova, 1539-1622). The façade was finished in the year 1840. The church has a late-Renaissance appearance that breaks the characteristic Baroque mold of most of the island of Sicily. Inside are frescoes by the Flemish painter Guglielmo Borremans, who worked here from 1722. Other works i ...

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Caltanissetta, Caltanissetta - History, Caltanissetta - Economy, Caltanissetta - Sights, Caltanissetta - Bounding communes

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With the election of the liberal Pope Pius IX to the papacy in 1846, Cavour felt that the chance for him to advocate reform had come. In 1847 he founded Il Risorgimento ("The Resurgence," later to become a general term for the unification of Italy), a newspaper espousing liberalism, constitutionalism, and unification. As editor, he soon became a powerful figure in Sardinian politics. During 1848, a wave of violent revolutions swept Europe. The uprising in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies terrified King Charles Albert of Piedmont ...

See also:

Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Early political career, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Path to unification, Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Legacy

Read more here: » Count Camillo Benso di Cavour: Encyclopedia II - Count Camillo Benso di Cavour - Early political career

Credit for the concept of training Chinese in Western Military tactics and arming them with the best available weaponry is sometimes given to Ward, other times to Li Heng-sung, a local Imperial commander “ordered to cooperate with—and keep an eye on—Ward's unruly contingent” and other times to Burgevine, who according to some began the training while Ward was recuperating, having been inspi ...

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Frederick Townsend Ward, Frederick Townsend Ward - Early Life, Frederick Townsend Ward - Filibustering, Frederick Townsend Ward - Shanghai Newcomer, Frederick Townsend Ward - Shanghai Foreign Arms Corps, Frederick Townsend Ward - Commander of the Ever Victorious Army, Frederick Townsend Ward - Ward's Army - Troop Strength Over Time, Frederick Townsend Ward - Death in Battle, Frederick Townsend Ward - In Modern Memory, Frederick Townsend Ward - In Fiction, Frederick Townsend Ward - Sources

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The British and French fleets arrived at Veracruz between the 6 and 8 January 1862. The city of Campeche surrendered to the French fleet on 27 February, and a French army arrived led by General Lorencz on 5 March. When the Spanish and British realised the French had ambitions of colonising Mexico, they withdrew their forces on 9 April, their troops leaving on 24 April. Although the French army, then considered one of the most efficient in the world, suffered an initial defeat in the Battle of Puebla on 5 May 1862 (now commemorated as ...

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French intervention in Mexico, French intervention in Mexico - 1862: Arrival of the French, French intervention in Mexico - 1863: French take the capital, French intervention in Mexico - 1864: Maximilian arrives, French intervention in Mexico - 1865: Beginning of republican victories, French intervention in Mexico - U.S. reaction, French intervention in Mexico - 1866: French withdrawal and republican victories, French intervention in Mexico - 1867: Republicans take the capital, French intervention in Mexico - Reference

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Italy has influenced the cultural and social development of the whole Mediterranean area, deeply influencing European culture as well. Important cultures and civilizations have existed there since prehistoric times. After Magna Graecia, the Etruscan civilization and especially the Roman Republic and Empire that dominated this part of the world for many centuries, Italy was central to European science and art during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Modern Italy became a nation-state belatedly — on March 17, 1861, when most of the sta ...

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Italy, Italy - History, Italy - Politics, Italy - Regions, Italy - Geography, Italy - Demographics, Italy - Religion, Italy - Economy, Italy - Culture, Italy - Languages

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The second independence war, also known as Austro-Sardinian War, was declared by the kingdom of Sardinia, in 1859, with the alliance of France. In 1859 Emperor Napoleon III and Camillo Cavour, the prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, signed a treaty of alliance against Austria: France would help Sardinia to fight against Austria and Sardinia would give Nice and Sabaudia to France. In the same year Austria started a war with Sardinia. French and Sardinian armies defeated the Austrians in the battles of Palestro (30 May), Montebel ...

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Italian Independence wars, Italian Independence wars - The first independence war, Italian Independence wars - The second independence war, Italian Independence wars - The third independence war

Read more here: » Italian Independence wars: Encyclopedia II - Italian Independence wars - The second independence war

The story focuses on an aristocratic family headed by a charismatic Prince named Don Fabrizio, and the bulk of the novel is told from his individual perspective. As the novel opens in 1848, Garibaldi's Redshirts are about to topple the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, completing the unification of Italy. Don Fabrizio finds the corpse of a government soldier killed by the Redshirts on his property, forcing him to acknowledge the coming change in Sicilian society, even as his family continues its empty aris ...

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The Leopard, The Leopard - Background, The Leopard - Plot, The Leopard - Characters, The Leopard - Controversy, The Leopard - Film adaptation, The Leopard - Quotation

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History of Rome - Origins. Further information: Founding of Rome, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and See also:

History of Rome, History of Rome - Ancient Rome, History of Rome - Origins, History of Rome - Early peoples of Italy, History of Rome - Etruscan dominance, History of Rome - Roman Republic, History of Rome - Roman Empire, History of Rome - Medieval Rome, History of Rome - Barbarian and Byzantine rule, History of Rome - Holy Roman Empire, History of Rome - Roman Commune, History of Rome - Boniface VIII and the Babylonian captivity, History of Rome - Cola di Rienzo and the Pope's return to Rome, History of Rome - Modern Rome, History of Rome - Renaissance Rome, History of Rome - Sack of Rome and Counter-Reformation, History of Rome - Italian unification, History of Rome - Current state

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His literary work is limited to revolutionary memories; after retiring to private life, first at Pisa, then in his native town, he attempted to write a romantic poem in five canti by the title "Arrigo". A fervent follower of Manzoni, he then tried to write a historical novel (1875) with Le rive della Bormida nel 1874 (The Banks of the Bormida in 1874), with the notes taken in 1860, which he did not publish. In 1880 it became Noterelle di uno dei Mille edite dopo vent’anni (Notes by one of i Mille twenty years later), a ...

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Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Giuseppe Cesare Abba - Biography, Giuseppe Cesare Abba - Works, Giuseppe Cesare Abba - External link

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History of Ottoman Bulgaria - Organisation of Ottoman Bulgaria. The Ottomans reorganised the Bulgarian territories as the Beyerlik of Rumili, ruled by a Beylerbey at Sofia. This territory, which included Moesia, Thrace and Macedonia, was divided into several sanjaks, each ruled by a Sanjakbey accountable to the Beylerbey. Significant part of the conquered land was parcelled out to the Sultan's followers, who held it as feudal fiefs (small timars, medium ziyamet and large hases) directl ...

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History of Ottoman Bulgaria, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - Early centuries of Ottoman rule, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - Organisation of Ottoman Bulgaria, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - The Bulgarian Orthodox Church, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - First revolts and the Great Powers, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - The struggle for independence, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - The April uprising, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - The Liberation, History of Ottoman Bulgaria - Effect on the Turks

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Main article: List of Brazilian diplomats Barão do Rio Branco (1849-1912) Joaquim Nabuco (1849-1910) Luiz Martins de Souza Dantas Oswaldo Aranha Rui Barbosa Walter Moreira Salles Sérgio Vieira de Mello (1948-2003), UN representative ...

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List of Brazilians, List of Brazilians - Actors, List of Brazilians - Architects and urbanists, List of Brazilians - Artists, List of Brazilians - Diplomats, List of Brazilians - Film directors, List of Brazilians - Explorers and discoverers, List of Brazilians - Foreigners who explored or discovered in Brazil, List of Brazilians - Fashion Designers, List of Brazilians - Heroes and historical figures, List of Brazilians - Intellectuals and thinkers, List of Brazilians - Models, List of Brazilians - Female, List of Brazilians - Male, List of Brazilians - Monarchs, List of Brazilians - Music, List of Brazilians - Classic composers, List of Brazilians - Politicians, List of Brazilians - Religious leaders, List of Brazilians - Reporters and TV hosts, List of Brazilians - Sports, List of Brazilians - Writers and Poets, List of Brazilians - Science and technology, List of Brazilians - Foreign scientists and engineers who lived in Brazil, List of Brazilians - Others

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The bedrock of the island is a diabase sill formed during the volcanic eruptions that created much of the bedrock of northern New Jersey, including the New Jersey Palisades, approximately 200 million years ago. As an island, Staten Island was formed in the wake of the last ice age. In the late Pleistocene between 20,000 and 14,000 years ago, the ice sheet that covered northeastern North America reached to as far south as present day New York City, to a depth of approximately the same height as the Empire State Building. At one point, during ...

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Staten Island, Staten Island - Geography, Staten Island - History, Staten Island - Staaten Eylandt, Staten Island - Richmond County, Staten Island - In New York City, Staten Island - Law and government, Staten Island - Politics, Staten Island - Local politics, Staten Island - National politics, Staten Island - Demographics, Staten Island - Culture, Staten Island - Sports

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FS Charles de Gaulle - Refitting. On 16 September 2001, slightly abnormal radioactivity levels aboard the Charles De Gaulle, probably due to a faulty isolation element, were reported by the French press. While the USA were preparing their retaliation for the attack of the 11th of September 2001 in the form of "Operation Enduring Freedom", the media complained about the lack of deployable French military power. At the same time, the Defence Commission reported the maintenance of the Fleet to b ...

See also:

FS Charles de Gaulle, FS Charles de Gaulle - Development, FS Charles de Gaulle - Construction, FS Charles de Gaulle - Spying incident, FS Charles de Gaulle - Trials and technical problems, FS Charles de Gaulle - Active Service, FS Charles de Gaulle - Refitting, FS Charles de Gaulle - Liaison 16, FS Charles de Gaulle - Gas incident, FS Charles de Gaulle - Afghanistan : Mission Héracles, FS Charles de Gaulle - Indian-Pakistani crisis, FS Charles de Gaulle - Rescue mission, FS Charles de Gaulle - Integration in the future Navy, FS Charles de Gaulle - External link, FS Charles de Gaulle - Pictures

Read more here: » FS Charles de Gaulle: Encyclopedia II - FS Charles de Gaulle - Active Service