At the beginning of April 1860, uprisings in Messina and Palermo in the absolutist Kingdom of the Two Sicilies provided Garibaldi with an opportunity. He gathered about a thousand volunteers (called i Mille, or, as popularly known, the "Red Shirts") in two ships, and landed at Marsala, on the westernmost point of Sicily, on May 11. Giuseppe Garibaldi - Conquest of Sicily. Swelling the ranks of his army with scattered bands of local rebels, Garibaldi defeated an opposing army at Calatafimi on May 13. ...

See also:

Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Early activity, Giuseppe Garibaldi - South American adventures, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Return to Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Campaign of 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Conquest of Sicily, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Crossing to the mainland, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Aftermath, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Expedition against Rome, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Final struggle with Austria and other adventures, Giuseppe Garibaldi - Legacy

Read more here: » Giuseppe Garibaldi: Encyclopedia II - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Campaign of 1860

1867 - January—April. January 1 - The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky, becoming the longest suspension bridge in the world January 8 - African-American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia January 11 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again January 30 - Emperor Komei of Japan dies. Crown Prince Mutsuhito is expected to become the next Emperor of Japan. January 31 – Maronite national ...

See also:

1867, 1867 - Events, 1867 - January—April, 1867 - May—August, 1867 - September—December, 1867 - Month/day unknown, 1867 - Births, 1867 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1867: Encyclopedia II - Events

Victor Emmanuel II (Italian: Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Piedmont, Savoy and Sardinia from 1849–1861. On February 18, 1861, he assumed the title as King of Italy to become the first king of a united Italy, a title he held till his death in 1878. Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Life. Victor Emmanuel was born in Turin. During the reign of his father, Charles Albert, the kingdoms of Sardinia and Piedmont were united. Charles Albert went to war in 1848 agains ...

Including:

• Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Life
• Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Wife and sons

Read more here: » Victor Emmanuel II of Italy: Encyclopedia - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). 1849 - Events. January 1 France issues Ceres, France's first postage stamp. In Milan, anti-Austrian activists organize a smoking boycott in protest of the Austrian monopoly on tobacco. Protests erupts into brief riots. January 12 - Uprising against Austrian troops in Palermo, Sicily< ...

Including:

• 1849 - Events
• 1849 - Unknown date
• 1849 - Ongoing Events
• 1849 - Births
• 1849 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1849: Encyclopedia - 1849

Victor Emmanuel was born in Turin. During the reign of his father, Charles Albert, the kingdoms of Sardinia and Piedmont were united. Charles Albert went to war in 1848 against the Austrian Empire (which ruled most of northern Italy), but was defeated at the Battle of Novara the following year. Charles Albert abdicated and Victor Emmanuel became king of Sardinia–Piedmont on March 24, 1849. Under his command, and with the skillful action of his minister, Count Cavour, the Kingdom of Sardinia grew to include whole Italy (1860 â ...

See also:

Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Life, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Wife and sons

Read more here: » Victor Emmanuel II of Italy: Encyclopedia II - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Life

Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath. Main articles: Austro-Sardinian War, and [[]], and [[]], and ...

See also:

Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

Read more here: » Italian unification: Encyclopedia II - Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State

Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). 1867 - Events. January 1 - The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky, becoming the longest suspension bridge in the world January 8 - African-American men granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia January 11 - Benito Juárez becomes ...

Including:

• 1867 - Events
• 1867 - May—August
• 1867 - September—December
• 1867 - Month/day unknown
• 1867 - Births
• 1867 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1867: Encyclopedia - 1867

Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath. Although Charles Albert had been crushingly defeated in his bid to drive the Austrians from Italy, the Piedmontese did not abandon all hope of aggrandizement. Camillo di Cavour, who became prime minister in 1852, also had expansionist ambitions. But he saw that Piedmont would not be able to "do it herself." Instead, he ho ...

See also:

Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

Read more here: » Italian unification: Encyclopedia II - Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State

Victor Emmanuel was born in Turin. During the reign of his father, Charles Albert, the kingdoms of Sardinia and Piedmont were united. Charles Albert went to war in 1848 against the Austrian Empire (which ruled most of northern Italy), but was defeated at the Battle of Novara the following year. Charles Albert abdicated and Victor Emmanuel became king of Sardinia–Piedmont on March 24, 1849. Under his command, and with the skillful action of his minister, Count Cavour, the Kingdom of Sardinia grew to include whole Italy (1860 – 1870), through the process of Italian Unification and thus Victor Emmanuel II ...

See also:

Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Life, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Wife and sons

Read more here: » Victor Emmanuel II of Italy: Encyclopedia II - Victor Emmanuel II of Italy - Life

Clothing terminology comprises the names of individual garments and classes of garments, as well as the specialized vocabularies of the trades that have designed, manufactured, marketed and sold clothing over hundreds of years. Clothing terminology ranges from the arcane (watchet, a pale blue color name from the sixteenth century) to the everyday (t-shirt), and changes over time in response to fashion whi ...

Including:

• Clothing terminology - Categories of clothing terminology
• Clothing terminology - Persistence of clothing terminology
• Clothing terminology - Sources of new terminology
• Clothing terminology - Personal names
• Clothing terminology - Place names
• Clothing terminology - Short forms
• Clothing terminology - External references

Read more here: » Clothing terminology: Encyclopedia - Clothing terminology

The establishment of the Italian Republic and later of the Kingdom of Italy, ruled by Napoleon, began to spur nationalism in those who lived in the regions. As Napoleon's reign began to fail, other national monarchs he had installed tried to keep their thrones by feeding those nationalistic sentiments, setting the stage for the revolutions to come. Among these monarchs were the viceroy of Italy, Eugène de Beauharnais, who tried to get Austrian approval for his succession to the Kingdom of Italy, and Joachim Murat, who called for Italian patriots' help for the unification of Ital ...

See also:

Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

Read more here: » Italian unification: Encyclopedia II - Italian unification - Background

The Wallace National Monument (generally known as the Wallace Monument) is a tower standing on the summit of Abbey Craig, a hilltop near Stirling in Scotland. It commemorates William Wallace, the 13th century Scottish hero. The tower was constructed following a fundraising campaign which accompanied a resurgence of Scottish national identity in the 19th century. In addition to public subscription, it was partially funded by contributions from a number of foreign donors, including Italian national leader Giuseppe Garibald ...

Read more here: » Wallace Monument: Encyclopedia - Wallace Monument

The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty held thrones in Spain and southern Italy; other Bourbons held important duchies. Spain currently has a Bourbon monarch. Bourbon monarchs ruled Navarre (from 1555) and France (from 1589 until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during the French Revolution. Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after the fall of the First French Empire, the sen ...

Including:

• House of Bourbon - Origin of the House of Bourbon
• House of Bourbon - The rise of Henry IV
• House of Bourbon - The Early Bourbon Kings of France
• House of Bourbon - Early Bourbons of Spain and Italy
• House of Bourbon - The Bourbons During the French Revolution
• House of Bourbon - The Bourbon Restoration in France and its aftermath
• House of Bourbon - Later Bourbon monarchs outside France
• House of Bourbon - List of Bourbon rulers
• House of Bourbon - Monarchs of France
• House of Bourbon - Monarchs of Spain
• House of Bourbon - Other signifigant Bourbon branches

Read more here: » House of Bourbon: Encyclopedia - House of Bourbon

Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and Kingdom of Sardinia against Austria in 1859. In respect to Italian unification process, this war is also known as the Second Independence War. Austro-Sardinian War - The War. Austro-Sardinian War - Background. The Sardinian army, allied to France, wanted to conquer the northern Italy Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, then under Austrian rule. In 1859, emperor Napoleon III and Camillo Benso di Cavour, the prim ...

Including:

• Austro-Sardinian War - The War
• Austro-Sardinian War - Background
• Austro-Sardinian War - Forces
• Austro-Sardinian War - The operations
• Austro-Sardinian War - The Peace
• Austro-Sardinian War - Timeline

Read more here: » Austro-Sardinian War: Encyclopedia - Austro-Sardinian War

1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1860 - Events. 1860 - January. January 2 - The discovery of the planet Vulcan was announced at a meeting of the Académie des Sciences in Paris. 1860 - March. March 6 - Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut 1860 - ...

Including:

• 1860 - Events
• 1860 - January
• 1860 - March
• 1860 - April
• 1860 - May
• 1860 - June
• 1860 - July
• 1860 - August
• 1860 - September
• 1860 - October
• 1860 - November
• 1860 - December
• 1860 - Unknown Dates
• 1860 - Births
• 1860 - January-April
• 1860 - May-August
• 1860 - September-December
• 1860 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1860: Encyclopedia - 1860

1859 (MDCCCLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar]]). Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1859 - Events. 1859 - January. January 2 - Erastus Beadle publishes The Dime Book of Practical Etiquette. January 24 - Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza under the name Romania ...

Including:

• 1859 - Events
• 1859 - January
• 1859 - February
• 1859 - March
• 1859 - April
• 1859 - May
• 1859 - June
• 1859 - July
• 1859 - August
• 1859 - September
• 1859 - October
• 1859 - November
• 1859 - December
• 1859 - Unknown Dates
• 1859 - Births
• 1859 - January-June
• 1859 - July-December
• 1859 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1859: Encyclopedia - 1859

The 19th century lasted from 1801 to 1900 in the Gregorian calendar (using the Common Era system of year numbering). Historians sometimes define a "Nineteenth Century" historical era stretching from 1815 (The Congress of Vienna) to 1914 (The outbreak of the First World War); alternatively, Eric Hobsbawm defined the "Long Nineteenth Century" as spanning the years 1789 to 1914. During this century, the Spanish, Portuguese, and Ottoman empires began to crumble and the Holy Roman and Mughal empires ceased. Following t ...

Including:

• 19th century - Europe
• 19th century - Americas
• 19th century - Other regions
• 19th century - Events
• 19th century - 1800s
• 19th century - 1810s
• 19th century - 1820s
• 19th century - 1830s
• 19th century - 1840s
• 19th century - 1850s
• 19th century - 1860s
• 19th century - 1870s
• 19th century - 1880s
• 19th century - 1890s
• 19th century - Significant people
• 19th century - Anthropology
• 19th century - Painters
• 19th century - Music
• 19th century - Literature
• 19th century - Science
• 19th century - Philosophy and religion
• 19th century - Politics
• 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 19th century - Decades and years

Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia - 19th century

Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821. In 1814 the Carbonari began organizing revolutionary activities in Naples; by 1820 the group was strong enough to invade Naples with its own army, forcing the king to promise to implement a new constitution the Carbonari had drafted. But the revolution was put down the following year by the Austrians, acting ...

See also:

Italian unification, Italian unification - Background, Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830, Italian unification - Carbonari insurrections 1820 – 1821, Italian unification - 1830 insurrections, Italian unification - Revolutions of 1848-49, Italian unification - Creation of the Italian State, Italian unification - The War of 1859 and its aftermath, Italian unification - The Mille expedition, Italian unification - Defeat of Naples, Italian unification - Garibaldi wants Rome, Italian unification - Third Independence War 1866, Italian unification - Rome, Italian unification - Modern era, Italian unification - Secession movements

Read more here: » Italian unification: Encyclopedia II - Italian unification - Early revolutionary activity 1820 to 1830

Babylon 5 is an epic science fiction television series created, produced, and largely written by J. Michael Straczynski. The music for the TV series and related TV movies was composed by Christopher Franke. The pilot movie, The Gathering, aired on February 22, 1993, and the regular series initially aired from January 26, 1994 through November 25, 1998, first in syndication on the short-lived Prime Time Entertainment Network, then on cable network TNT. Because the show was aired every week in the United Kingdom on Channel 4 without a break, the last four or five episodes of the e ...

Including:

• Babylon 5 - Concept
• Babylon 5 - Cast and primary characters
• Babylon 5 - Regular cast
• Babylon 5 - Recurring guest characters
• Babylon 5 - Babylon stations
• Babylon 5 - Ethnicity and language of characters
• Babylon 5 - Usage of English
• Babylon 5 - Civilizations
• Babylon 5 - Themes
• Babylon 5 - Authoritarianism vs. chaos; light vs. dark vs. gray
• Babylon 5 - War and peace
• Babylon 5 - Love and true seekers
• Babylon 5 - Fighting the system
• Babylon 5 - Addiction
• Babylon 5 - The Five Questions
• Babylon 5 - Music and scoring
• Babylon 5 - The episodes
• Babylon 5 - Other made-for-TV movies
• Babylon 5 - Spin-offs
• Babylon 5 - Crusade
• Babylon 5 - Legend of the Rangers
• Babylon 5 - The Memory of Shadows
• Babylon 5 - Novels novelizations short stories and comic books
• Babylon 5 - Novels
• Babylon 5 - Novelizations
• Babylon 5 - Short Stories
• Babylon 5 - Comic Books
• Babylon 5 - DVDs
• Babylon 5 - Mastering problems
• Babylon 5 - Video games
• Babylon 5 - Other merchandise
• Babylon 5 - Trivia

Read more here: » Babylon 5: Encyclopedia - Babylon 5

The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, "States of the Church") was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). The Papal States comprised those territories over which the Pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense before 1870. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his (unique and more essential) ecclestiastical primacy. The plural is u ...

Including:

• Papal States - Origins
• Papal States - The Donation of Pippin and the Holy Roman Empire
• Papal States - The Renaissance
• Papal States - The era of the French Revolution and Napoleon
• Papal States - Italian nationalism and the end of the Papal States
• Papal States - Institutions

Read more here: » Papal States: Encyclopedia - Papal States