By the late 1580s, Botero had already published a few works, most notably an epic-style poem dedicated to Henry III of France in 1573 and a Latin commentary on Hebrew Scriptures titled On Kingly Wisdom in 1583, but his most important works were yet to come. In 1588, Botero first published his On the Greatness of Cities. Foreshadowing the work of Thomas Malthus, here Botero outlines the generative and nutritive virtues of a city, the former being the rate of human reproduction, and the latter being the ability of the products of the ci ...

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Giovanni Botero, Giovanni Botero - Early life, Giovanni Botero - Secretary and diplomat, Giovanni Botero - Works and thought, Giovanni Botero - Later works life and influence

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Jean Bodin (1530-1596) was a French jurist, member of the Parliament of Paris and professor of Law in Toulouse. He is considered by many to be the father of political science. He wrote several books, but the Inquisition condemned most of them because the author demonstrated sympathy for Calvinist theories, and Calvinists, called Huguenots in France were prosecuted by the Catholic church as other Protestant or Reformed ...

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The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu/Jesu (S.J.) in Latin) is a Christian religious order of the Roman Catholic Church in direct service to the Pope. Its members, known as Jesuits since the Protestant Reformation, have been called "Footsoldiers of the Pope" in part because the Society's founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a soldier before his conversion. Today, Jesuits number over 20,000 and comprise the largest religious order in the Catholic Church. Jesuit priests and brothers are engaged in mini ...

Including:

• Society of Jesus - Foundation
• Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit
• Society of Jesus - Early works
• Society of Jesus - Expansion
• Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration
• Society of Jesus - Jesuits today
• Society of Jesus - Controversies
• Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits
• Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions
• Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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The influence of Malthus's theory of population was very great. Michael H. Hart published a book called The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History in 1978 which placed Malthus at number 80 in this worldwide ranking. Ironically, Malthus did not make the top 100 Greatest Britons (nor did he make the 100 Worst Britons). At Haileybury Malthus developed a theory of demand supply mismatches which he called gluts. Considered ridiculous at the time, his theory was a precursor to later theories about the Great Depression, and ...

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Thomas Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Life, Thomas Malthus - Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Epitaph

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The best known work of Machiavelli is his political treatise Il Principe (The Prince). It was written in an attempt to return to politics as an advisor to Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici. It has been argued that The Prince is not representative of Machiavelli's beliefs as his advocacy of tyranny seems to contradict his earlier works. However, Machiavelli seems to have been in earnest when he argued the advantages of cruelty and fraudulence. Apparently, he was hoping that a strong ruler would emerge from the Medici family, un ...

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Niccolò Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli - Background, Niccolò Machiavelli - Machiavellianism, Niccolò Machiavelli - Works, Niccolò Machiavelli - List of works, Niccolò Machiavelli - Modern appreciations

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No one can say where the bones of Machiavelli rest, but modern Florence has decreed him a stately cenotaph in Santa Croce, by the side of her most famous sons; recognising that, whatever other nations may have found in his works, Italy found in them the idea of her unity and the source of her renaissance among the nations of Europe. Whilst it is idle to protest against the world-wide and evil signification of his name, it may be pointed out that the harsh construction of his doctrine which this sinister reputation implies was u ...

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Niccolò Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli - The man and his works, Niccolò Machiavelli - Machiavellianism, Niccolò Machiavelli - Writings by Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli - Recent appreciations

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The juridical doctrine of the School of Salamanca represented the end of medieval concepts of law, with a revindication of liberty not habitual in Europe of that time. The natural rights of man came to be, in one form or another, the center of attention, including rights as a corporeal being (right to life, economic rights such as the right to own property) and spiritual rights (the right to freedom of thought and to human dignity). Sch ...

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School of Salamanca, School of Salamanca - Law and justice, School of Salamanca - Natural law and human rights, School of Salamanca - Sovereignty, School of Salamanca - The law of peoples and international law, School of Salamanca - Just war, School of Salamanca - The conquest of America, School of Salamanca - Economics, School of Salamanca - Antecedents, School of Salamanca - Private property, School of Salamanca - Money value and price, School of Salamanca - Interest on money, School of Salamanca - Theology, School of Salamanca - Morality, School of Salamanca - The polemic De auxiliis, School of Salamanca - The existence of evil in the world

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The influence of Malthus's theory of population was very great. Michael H. Hart published a book called The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History in 1978 which placed Malthus at number 80 in this worldwide ranking. At Haileybury Malthus developed a theory of demand supply mismatches which he called gluts. Considered ridiculous at the time, his theory was a precursor to later theories about the Great Depression, and ...

See also:

Thomas Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Life, Thomas Malthus - Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Epitaph

Read more here: » Thomas Malthus: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus

On August 15, 1534, Ignatius (born Iñigo López de Loyola) and six other students (Francis Xavier, a fellow Basque, Alfonso Salmeron, James Lainez, and Nicholas Bobadilla, Spaniards, Peter Faber from France and Simon Rodrigues, a Portuguese) met in Montmartre outside Paris, probably near the modern Chapel of St Denys, Rue Antoinette, and binding themselves by a vow of poverty and chastity, founded the Society of Jesus – to "enter upon hospital and missionary work in Jerusalem, or to go witho ...

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Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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Malthus's views were largely developed in reaction to the optimistic views of his father and his associates, notably Rousseau and William Godwin. Malthus's essay was also in reponse to the views of the Marquis de Condorcet. In An Essay on the Principle of Population, first published in 1798, Malthus made the famous prediction that population would outrun food supply, leading to a decrease in food per person. (Case & Fair, 1999: 790). "The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence ...

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Thomas Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Life, Thomas Malthus - Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Epitaph

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Malthus was born to a prosperous family. His father Daniel was a personal friend of the philosopher and sceptic David Hume and an acquaintance of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The young Malthus was educated at home until his admission to Jesus College, Cambridge in 1784. There he studied many subjects and took prizes in English declamation, Latin and Greek. His principal subject was mathematics. He earned a masters degree in 1791 and was elected a fellow of Jesus College two years later. In 1797, he was ordained ...

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Thomas Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Life, Thomas Malthus - Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Epitaph

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The Jesuits have frequently been described by Catholic and Protestant enemies as engaged in various conspiracies. They have also been accused of using casuistry to obtain justifications for the unjustifiable. In several languages, "Jesuit" or "Jesuitical" therefore acquired a secondary meaning of "devious." The Jesuits have also been targeted by many anti-Catholics like Jack Chick, Avro Manhattan, and Alberto Rivera. Among other things they point to the text of an extreme oath allegedly taken by advanced members of the order, which ca ...

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Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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Early missions in Japan resulted in the government granting the Jesuits the feudal fiefdom of Nagasaki in 1580. This was removed in 1587, however, due to fears over their growing influence. Francis Xavier arrived in Goa, in Western India in 1541 to consider evangelical service in the Indies. He passed away after a decade of evangelism in Southern India. Under Portuguese royal patronage, the order thrived in Goa and until 1759 successfully expanded its activities to education and healthcare. On 17 December 1760, Marquis of Pombal, Secretary of Stat ...

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Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

Read more here: » Society of Jesus: Encyclopedia II - Society of Jesus - Expansion

Among many distinguished early Jesuits was St. Francis Xavier, a missionary to Asia who converted more people to Catholicism than anyone in Catholic history before him. Other famous Jesuits include: Abbé Augustin Barruél, French writer St. Alberto Hurtado, Chilean social reformer Alessandro Valignano, Italian Jesuit, missionary to Japan and East Asia Alexandre de Rhodes, missionary to Vietnam Alfred Delp, German Jesuit hanged for his opposition to Hitler St. Aloysius Gonzaga< ...

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Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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William Godwin responded to Malthus' criticisms of his own arguments with On Population (1820). Other theoretical and political critiques of Malthus and Malthusian thinking emerged soon after the publication of the first Essay on Population, most notably in the work of the reformist industrialist Robert Owen , the essayist William Hazlitt (Malthus And The Liberties Of The Poor, 1807)and economists John Stuart Mill and Nassau William Senior (Two Lectures on Population , 1829), and moralist William Cobbett. Also of note wasTrue Law of Population (1845) by poli ...

See also:

Thomas Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Life, Thomas Malthus - Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Epitaph

Read more here: » Thomas Malthus: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus

The Jesuits were founded just before the Counter-Reformation, a movement whose purpose was to reform the Roman Catholic Church from within and to counter the Protestant Reformers, whose teachings were spreading throughout Catholic Europe. As part of their service to the Roman Church, the Jesuits encouraged people to continue their obedience both to scripture and also Roman Catholic doctrine. Ignatius himself used hyperbole when he wrote the following sentence: "I will believe that the white that I see is black i ...

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Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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Machiavellianism is the term some social and personality psychologists use to describe a person's tendency to deceive and manipulate the others for personal gain. Used to describe later works by other authors based on Machiavelli's writings—particularly The Prince—in which the authors stress the view that "The ends justify the means." These authors failed to include some of the more moderating themes found in Machiavelli's works and the name is now associated with the extreme view point. Notwithstanding the mitigating themes in See also:

Niccolò Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli - Background, Niccolò Machiavelli - Machiavellianism, Niccolò Machiavelli - Works, Niccolò Machiavelli - List of works, Niccolò Machiavelli - Modern appreciations

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Machiavelli was born in Florence, the second son of Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli and his wife Bartolommea di Stefano Nelli. His father was a lawyer of some repute and belonged to an impoverished branch of an influential old Florentine family. Machiavelli served the Republic of Florence after the expulsion of the Medici in 1494, travelling to European courts in France, Germany, as well as other Italian city-states on diplomatic missions. During this time he would draw influence for his work The Prince from the European leade ...

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Niccolò Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli - Background, Niccolò Machiavelli - Machiavellianism, Niccolò Machiavelli - Works, Niccolò Machiavelli - List of works, Niccolò Machiavelli - Modern appreciations

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Jesuits have founded and/or managed a number of institutions, notably universities, which have produced many well-known alumni. The most prominent of these universities are in the United States where they are organized as the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. In Latin America they are organized in the Asociación de Universidades Confiadas a la Compañía de Jesús en América Latina (Association of ...

See also:

Society of Jesus, Society of Jesus - Foundation, Society of Jesus - The name Jesuit, Society of Jesus - Early works, Society of Jesus - Expansion, Society of Jesus - Suppression and Restoration, Society of Jesus - Jesuits today, Society of Jesus - Controversies, Society of Jesus - Famous Jesuits, Society of Jesus - Jesuit institutions, Society of Jesus - Jesuit buildings

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William Godwin responded to Malthus' criticisms of his own arguments with On Population (1820). Other theoretical and political critiques of Malthus and Malthusian thinking emerged soon after the publication of the first Essay on Population, most notably in the work of the reformist industrialist Robert Owen , the essayist William Hazlitt and economists John Stuart Mill and Nassau William Senior (Two Lectures on Population , 1829), and moralist William Cobbett. Also of note wasTrue Law of Population (1845) by poli ...

See also:

Thomas Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Life, Thomas Malthus - Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus - The influence of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus, Thomas Malthus - Epitaph

Read more here: » Thomas Malthus: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Malthus - Criticisms of Malthus