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gilan, Guilan, Guilan - Colleges and Universities, Guilan - Geography and Climate, Guilan - History, Guilan - People and Culture, Guilan - Ancient history, Guilan - Modern history, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan, Soviet Republic of Gilan
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Gilan | | | |  Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Rasht - HistoryFor a more comprehensive treatment of the region, see the history section of Gilan.
Rasht was first mentioned in historical documents in 682 CE, but it is certainly older than this. It has seen the Sassanid era, the armies of Peter the Great and later Russian rulers, and British colonialism. The people of Rasht also played a major role in the Constitutional Revolution of Iran.
Rasht - Timeline.
682: Rasht is first mentioned in historical documents
1669: Stenka Razin, a Russian ...
See also:Rasht, Rasht - Geography and Climate, Rasht - People and culture, Rasht - History, Rasht - Timeline, Rasht - Notables of Rasht, Rasht - Suburbs Read more here: » Rasht: Encyclopedia II - Rasht - History |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Coban Chobanids - Height and Fall Under Abu Sa'id Coban attempted to neutralize the influence of the viziers. In 1318, he convinced the discredited former vizier Rashid al-Din to return to the Ilkhanid court. Rashid, who had many enemies, was accused of poisoning Öljeitü soon after he returned. Coban promptly turned on him, and Rashad was put to death in July of that year.
In 1319, armies under the command of the khan of the Blue Horde, Öz-Beg, invaded the Ilkhanate. Abu Sa'id led a campaign to stop the invasion. Coban was on his way to assist Amir Husain (the father of the founde ...
See also:Coban Chobanids, Coban Chobanids - Rise to Power, Coban Chobanids - Height and Fall Under Abu Sa'id, Coban Chobanids - Coban's Children Read more here: » Coban Chobanids: Encyclopedia II - Coban Chobanids - Height and Fall Under Abu Sa'id |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Sarbadars - History
Sarbadars - Foundation.
The Sarbadar state came into existence around early 1337. At that time, much of Khurasan was under the control of the Ilkhanid claimant Togha Temur and his amirs. One of his subjects, 'Ala' al-Din Muhammad, had jurisdiction over the city of Sabzavar. His oppressive taxation of the area caused an 'Abd al-Razzaq, a member of the feudal ruling class, to murder a government official in Bashtin, a district of the city. The official was a nephew of 'Ala' al-Din, and 'Abd al-Razzaq raised the sta ...
See also:Sarbadars, Sarbadars - Religion, Sarbadars - Government, Sarbadars - History, Sarbadars - Foundation, Sarbadars - 1344-1361, Sarbadars - Decline and Submission to Timur, Sarbadars - Legacy, Sarbadars - Other Sarbadars Read more here: » Sarbadars: Encyclopedia II - Sarbadars - History |
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| | | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Qazvin Province - Qazvini Attractions Qazvin contains several archeological excavations dating back 9000 years ago. There are also 23 castles from the Ismaili Assassins nearby as well. And in the middle of the city, there lies the ruins of Meimoon Ghal'eh, one of several Sassanide edifices in the area.
Qazvin contains few buildings from the Safavi era when it was capital of Persia. Perhaps the most famous of the surviving edifices is the Ali Qapu mansion, today a museum in central Qazvin.
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See also:Qazvin Province, Qazvin Province - Geography and Climate, Qazvin Province - Introduction and history, Qazvin Province - Qazvini Attractions, Qazvin Province - Historical Mosques, Qazvin Province - Churches and Russian architecture, Qazvin Province - Castles, Qazvin Province - Tombs Shrines and Mausoleums, Qazvin Province - Traditional Reservoirs, Qazvin Province - Bazaars and Caravanserais, Qazvin Province - Old City Gates and other popular edifices, Qazvin Province - Famous Qazvinis, Qazvin Province - Qazvin today, Qazvin Province - Agriculture, Qazvin Province - Industries, Qazvin Province - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Qazvin Province: Encyclopedia II - Qazvin Province - Qazvini Attractions |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Tea - Tea culture Tea is often drunk at social events, such as afternoon tea and the tea party. It may be drunk early in the day to heighten alertness; it contains theophylline and bound caffeine (sometimes called "theine"), although there are also decaffeinated teas.
There are tea ceremonies which have arisen in different cultures, Japan's complex, formal and serene one being the most known. Other examples are the Korean tea ceremony or some traditional ways of brewing tea in Chinese tea culture.
Tea - China.
Main article: Chinese tea culture ...
See also:Tea, Tea - Cultivation, Tea - Processing and classification, Tea - Blending and additives, Tea - Content of Tea, Tea - Tea origin and early history in Asia, Tea - Tea creation myths, Tea - China, Tea - Japan, Tea - Tea spreads to the world, Tea - The word tea, Tea - Tea culture, Tea - China, Tea - Vietnam, Tea - Britain, Tea - Hong Kong, Tea - Iran, Tea - Ireland, Tea - India, Tea - Pakistan, Tea - Sri Lanka, Tea - Turkey, Tea - Russia, Tea - Czech Republic, Tea - Commonwealth countries, Tea - United States, Tea - Japan, Tea - Taiwan, Tea - Tibet, Tea - Tea preparation, Tea - Enjoying tea the modern way Read more here: » Tea: Encyclopedia II - Tea - Tea culture |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Classical pre-modern Era The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived from antiquity up until the begining of the modern age.
By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Islamic Republic of Iran, Afghanistan, and all the countries of Central Asia ("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire.
Content ...
See also:List of Iranian scientists and scholars, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Classical pre-modern Era, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - A, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - B, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - E, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - F, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - G, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - H, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - I, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - J, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - K, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - M, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - N, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - O, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Q, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - R, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - S, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - T, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - U, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - V, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Y, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Z, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Notes, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Contemporary Era Read more here: » List of Iranian scientists and scholars: Encyclopedia II - List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Classical pre-modern Era |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Classical pre-modern Era The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iranian scientists and engineers that lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age.
By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Islamic Republic of Iran, Afghanistan, and all the countries of Central Asia ("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire.
Content ...
See also:List of Iranian scientists and scholars, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Classical pre-modern Era, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - A, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - B, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - E, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - F, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - G, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - H, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - I, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - J, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - K, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - M, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - N, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - O, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Q, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - R, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - S, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - T, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - U, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - V, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Y, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Z, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Notes, List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Contemporary Era Read more here: » List of Iranian scientists and scholars: Encyclopedia II - List of Iranian scientists and scholars - Classical pre-modern Era |
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| | | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Cadusii - History
Cadusii - Before the Persian empire.
They appear to have been constantly at war with their neighbours. First subjected by the Assyrians, if we believe to Diodorus' doubtful sources4, they were then brought in at least nominal subjection to the Medes, till they rebelled at the time of the king of the Medes Artaeus. In Ctesias' tale (reported by Diodorus) the war originated from an offence the king gave to an able powerful Persian, called Parsodes. After the offence Parso ...
See also:Cadusii, Cadusii - Geography, Cadusii - History, Cadusii - Before the Persian empire, Cadusii - Cadusii and Persians, Cadusii - Alexander the Great & Aftermath, Cadusii - Notes Read more here: » Cadusii: Encyclopedia II - Cadusii - History |
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| | | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Astara, Iran - History "Astara is an area where Zoroaster(zartosht)may have visited and there were Its history dates back to 6000 years ago.The spoken language was talyshi but due to commerce with Azeri Turks and migration of Azeris into town the use of Taleshi reduced significantly."
There is also a city with this name just on apposite side of the border, inside the Azerbaijan Republic territory. The Northern Astara (azerbaijani Astara) was ceded from Persia by the Gulistan T ...
See also:Astara, Iran, Astara, Iran - Etymology:, Astara, Iran - History, Astara, Iran - People Read more here: » Astara, Iran: Encyclopedia II - Astara, Iran - History |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Iran - Government and Politics Iran is a constitutional Islamic Republic, whose political system is laid out in the 1979 constitution called Qanun-e Asasi. Iran's makeup has several intricately connected governing bodies, some of which are democratically elected and some of which operate by co-opting people based on their religious inclinations.
See also: Foreign relations of Iran, U.S.-Iran relations, Iran-Israel relations, Iran-China relations
The concept of velayat-e faqih (guardianship of the jurist) plays a crucial role in governme ...
See also:Iran, Iran - Name, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - Government and Politics |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Iran - Geography Iran borders Azerbaijan (length of border: 432 km / 268 mi ) and Armenia (35 km / 22mi) to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan (992 km / 616 mi) to the northeast, Pakistan (909 km / 565 mi) and Afghanistan (936 km / 582 mi) to the east, Turkey (499 km / 310 mi) and Iraq (1,458 km / 906 mi) to the west, and finally the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman to the south. Iran's total land mass is 1,648,000 km² / ≈636,300 mi² (Land: 1,636,000 km² / ≈631,663 mi², Water: 12,000 km² / ≈4,633 mi²). That i ...
See also:Iran, Iran - Name, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - Geography |
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| | | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Qazvin Province - Geography and Climate The province covers 15821 km² between 48-45 to 50-50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35-37 to 36-45 north latitude of the equator. The province is bounded on the north by Mazandaran and Gilan, on the west by Hamedan and Zanjan, on the south by Markazi and on the east by Tehran Provinces.
The famous mountains of the province are those of Siälän, Shäh Alborz, Khashchäl, Sephidkouh, Shojä e din, Alehtareh, Rämand, Ägh dägh, Kharaghän, Saridagh, Soltan pïr, and Siähkouh, in which Siälän with a height of 4175m and ...
See also:Qazvin Province, Qazvin Province - Geography and Climate, Qazvin Province - Introduction and history, Qazvin Province - Qazvini Attractions, Qazvin Province - Historical Mosques, Qazvin Province - Churches and Russian architecture, Qazvin Province - Castles, Qazvin Province - Tombs Shrines and Mausoleums, Qazvin Province - Traditional Reservoirs, Qazvin Province - Bazaars and Caravanserais, Qazvin Province - Old City Gates and other popular edifices, Qazvin Province - Famous Qazvinis, Qazvin Province - Qazvin today, Qazvin Province - Agriculture, Qazvin Province - Industries, Qazvin Province - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Qazvin Province: Encyclopedia II - Qazvin Province - Geography and Climate |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Qazvin Province - Introduction and history Qazvin was the location of a former capital of the Persian Empire and contains over 2000 architectural and archeological sites. It is a provincial capital today that has been a cultural center of mass throughout history.
Archeological findings in the Qazvin plain reveal the existence of urban agricultural settlements as far back as 7000BC. The name “Qazvin” or “Kasbin” is derived from Cas, an ancient tribe that lived south of the Caspian Sea millennia ago. Qazvin is historically also rendered as Kazvin, Kasvin ...
See also:Qazvin Province, Qazvin Province - Geography and Climate, Qazvin Province - Introduction and history, Qazvin Province - Qazvini Attractions, Qazvin Province - Historical Mosques, Qazvin Province - Churches and Russian architecture, Qazvin Province - Castles, Qazvin Province - Tombs Shrines and Mausoleums, Qazvin Province - Traditional Reservoirs, Qazvin Province - Bazaars and Caravanserais, Qazvin Province - Old City Gates and other popular edifices, Qazvin Province - Famous Qazvinis, Qazvin Province - Qazvin today, Qazvin Province - Agriculture, Qazvin Province - Industries, Qazvin Province - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Qazvin Province: Encyclopedia II - Qazvin Province - Introduction and history |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Sarbadars - Government The Sarbadars are unique among the major contenders in post-Ilkhanid Persia in that none of their leaders ruled as legitimate sovereigns. None of them had a legitimate claim to the Ilkhanid throne, or were related to a Mongol or any other royal house, and none of them had previously held a high post within the Ilkhanate. While they on occasion recognized claimants to the Ilkhanid throne as their overlord, they did so purely as a matter of convenience, and in all other aspects they had no ties to the Ilkhanate. This fact had a strong influence regarding the ...
See also:Sarbadars, Sarbadars - Religion, Sarbadars - Government, Sarbadars - History, Sarbadars - Foundation, Sarbadars - 1344-1361, Sarbadars - Decline and Submission to Timur, Sarbadars - Legacy, Sarbadars - Other Sarbadars Read more here: » Sarbadars: Encyclopedia II - Sarbadars - Government |
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| | | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Mazandaran Province - Geography and Culture Mazandaran province is geographically divided into two parts: the coastal plains, and the mountainous areas. The Alborz Mountain Range surrounds the coastal strip and plains of the Caspian Sea like a huge barrier.
There is often snowfall during most of the seasons in the Alborz regions, which run parallel to the Caspian Sea's southern coast, dividing the province into many isolated valleys.
Mazandaran Province - Language.
Mazanderani or Tabari is an ancient northwestern branch of the Iranian languages ...
See also:Mazandaran Province, Mazandaran Province - History, Mazandaran Province - Geography and Culture, Mazandaran Province - Language, Mazandaran Province - Celebrities from Mazandaran, Mazandaran Province - Mazandaran today, Mazandaran Province - Economy, Mazandaran Province - Colleges and Universities Read more here: » Mazandaran Province: Encyclopedia II - Mazandaran Province - Geography and Culture |
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| | | | | Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Iran - Demographics
Iran - Ethnic groups.
The majority of Iran's population speak one of the Iranian languages, though Persian is the official language. While the number, percentage, and definition of the different Iranian peoples is disputed, the major ethnic groups and minorities in Iran include the Persians (51%), Azeris (24%), Gilaki and Mazandarani (8%), Kurds (7%), Arabs (3%), Baluchi (2%), Lurs (2%), Turkmen people (2%), Qashqai, Armenians, Georgians, Persian Jews, Assyrians and others (1 %). These percentages however are onl ...
See also:Iran, Iran - Name, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - Demographics |
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