Gilan

In 1914 Mīrzā Kūchak Khān met in Tehran with other prominent figures of the Constitutional Revolution and helped organized a plan of reform for Iran, which called for the total independence of the nation, land and social reforms for the poor, and Islamic unity. Obstacles to this program included foreign imperialists, the landed elites, and tribal leaders. From the constitutionalist perspective, the Tehran government had by this time lost its independence and had fallen completely under the influence of the British and Russians. Kuchak Kh ...

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Constitutionalist movement of Gilan, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - History of the movement, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Flag, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Further analysis, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Historical references

Read more here: » Constitutionalist movement of Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - History of the movement

Unfortunately, given the shortcomings of the advanced social thinkers and activists of the time on one hand and the stronger establishment of the old autocracy on the other hand, again the same privileged class and their political representatives took control of the new regime. The freedom fighters were not satisfied and in fact were disarmed, in some cases using force. Meanwhile the direct and indirect manipulation of the country's internal politics by Tsarist Russians and the British added to the su ...

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Mirza Kuchak Khan, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Early life, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Jangal movement, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Socialist Republic of Gilan, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Mirza's death, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Historical analysis

Read more here: » Mirza Kuchak Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mirza Kuchak Khan - Jangal movement

The cuisine of Iran is diverse, with each province featuring dishes, as well as culinary traditions and styles, distinct to their regions. Cuisine of Iran - Traditional Iranian table settings. The traditional Iranian table setting firstly involves the tablecloth, called sofreh, which is often generally embroidered with traditional prayers and/or poetry, and is spread out over a Persian rug or table. Main dishes are concentrated in the center, surrounded by smaller dishes containing appetizers, condim ...

Including:

• Cuisine of Iran - Traditional Iranian table settings
• Cuisine of Iran - Essential accompaniments
• Cuisine of Iran - Varieties of rice
• Cuisine of Iran - Methods of cooking rice
• Cuisine of Iran - Varieties of bread
• Cuisine of Iran - Regional cuisines
• Cuisine of Iran - Gilan
• Cuisine of Iran - Khuzestan
• Cuisine of Iran - Fast food imported and adapted foods
• Cuisine of Iran - Alcoholic beverages
• Cuisine of Iran - Vegetarianism in Iran

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Astara is a city in the Iranian province of Gilan. It lies on the border with Azerbaijan Republic. It is a relatively important border trade center between Iran and the Caucasus. Astara Iran - Etymology:. Its name is derived from the Tukic words AST (=lower)+ ARA (or ARALIQ =land); means "The lower land", beacause it's located in one of the lowest lands of azeri populated areas. There is also another idea about Astara :Its name is derived from the Persian or taleshi word Including:

• Astara Iran - Etymology:
• Astara Iran - History
• Astara Iran - People

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Astara is a rayon in southeastern Azerbaijan. Astara is also a city in the Iranian province of Gilan. Astara rayon - What does Astara mean?. Its name is derived from the Tukic words AST (=lower)+ ARA (or ARALIQ =land); means "The lower land" ,beacause it's located in one of the lowest lands of azeri populated areas. Astara rayon - Location. Astara is a small picturesque Caspian port town, on the Iranian border, capital of Azerbaijan's southernmost Rayon. If you are coming ...

Including:

• Astara rayon - What does Astara mean?
• Astara rayon - Location
• Astara rayon - Economy
• Astara rayon - People
• Astara rayon - Travelling

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Tea is a product made from the leaves or buds of the tea bush Camellia sinensis. It is commonly consumed in the form of a beverage made by steeping it in hot water for a few minutes. The English word tea derives from the Chinese 茶, pronounced te in the Min Nan dialect. The flavour of the raw tea is developed by processes including oxidation, heating, drying and the addition of other herbs, spices, or f ...

Including:

• Tea - Cultivation
• Tea - Processing and classification
• Tea - Blending and additives
• Tea - Content of Tea
• Tea - Tea origin and early history in Asia
• Tea - Tea creation myths
• Tea - China
• Tea - Japan
• Tea - Tea spreads to the world
• Tea - The word tea
• Tea - Tea culture
• Tea - China
• Tea - Vietnam
• Tea - Britain
• Tea - Hong Kong
• Tea - Iran
• Tea - Ireland
• Tea - India
• Tea - Pakistan
• Tea - Sri Lanka
• Tea - Turkey
• Tea - Russia
• Tea - Czech Republic
• Tea - Commonwealth countries
• Tea - United States
• Tea - Japan
• Tea - Taiwan
• Tea - Tibet
• Tea - Tea preparation
• Tea - Enjoying tea the modern way

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Initially, when commencing the movement, Mirza and his allies formed a union called Ettehad-e-Islam (The Islamic Union). Although in the beginning, they were in conformity over the aims of the movement, eventually the movement began witnessing considerable friction as some members had diverging tendencies toward Ahmad Shah Qajar while others such as Mirza specifically called for an Iranian "Republic." (S ...

See also:

Constitutionalist movement of Gilan, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - History of the movement, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Flag, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Further analysis, Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Historical references

Read more here: » Constitutionalist movement of Gilan: Encyclopedia II - Constitutionalist movement of Gilan - Further analysis

Kuchak Khan was born Younes, son of Mirza "Bozorg" (meaning "big" in Persian), and was thus nicknamed Mirza "Kuchak" (meaning "small") in the city of Rasht in northern Iran in 1880. He studied theology (as the only available formal education at the time) to become a cleric at Jame Rasht in Rasht and later at Mahmudiyeh schools in Tehran. On the eve of the Iranian constitutional revolution as all the intelligentsia and ordinary people became more involved in politics, Mirza quit his studies to join the movement. Finally in an Imperial decree the Shah of Persia Muzaffar al-Din Shah agr ...

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Mirza Kuchak Khan, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Early life, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Jangal movement, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Socialist Republic of Gilan, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Mirza's death, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Historical analysis

Read more here: » Mirza Kuchak Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mirza Kuchak Khan - Early life

Historians have tried to analyze the factors that contributed to the demise of the Jangal Movement. Some of the main studies including those by Gregor Yeghikian and Ebrahim Fakhrayi (minister of Culture in Mirza's Cabinet of the Red Republic) suggest a role for both extremist actions taken by the Communist (Edalat) Party that provoked opposing religious sentiment among the public, and Mirza Koochak Khan's religious and at times somewhat conservative views on co ...

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Mirza Kuchak Khan, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Early life, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Jangal movement, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Socialist Republic of Gilan, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Mirza's death, Mirza Kuchak Khan - Historical analysis

Read more here: » Mirza Kuchak Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mirza Kuchak Khan - Historical analysis

In May of 1920 the Soviet Republic of Gilan, officially known as the Persian Socialist Soviet Republic, came into being. Of note is that the Republic did not perform "land redistribution" to peasants which was considered as a conservative position by the more radical forces of the Jangal movement. Therefore, soon disagreements arose between Mirza and his group of advisors on one side and the Soviets and the Iranian C ...

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Persian Socialist Soviet Republic, Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Background and history, Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Formal declaration of the Republic, Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Coup d'etat, Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Historical analysis

Read more here: » Persian Socialist Soviet Republic: Encyclopedia II - Persian Socialist Soviet Republic - Formal declaration of the Republic

It is believed that rice (berenj in Persian) was brought to Iran from southeast Asia or the Indian subcontinent in ancient times. Varieties of rice in Iran include champa, rasmi, anbarbu, mowlai, sadri, khanjari, shekari, doodi, and others. Basmati rice from India is very similar to these Persian varieties and is also readily available in Iran. Traditionally, rice was most prevalent as a major staple item in northern Iran, while in the rest of the country bread was the dominant staple. ...

See also:

Cuisine of Iran, Cuisine of Iran - Traditional Iranian table settings, Cuisine of Iran - Essential accompaniments, Cuisine of Iran - Varieties of rice, Cuisine of Iran - Methods of cooking rice, Cuisine of Iran - Varieties of bread, Cuisine of Iran - Regional cuisines, Cuisine of Iran - Gilan, Cuisine of Iran - Khuzestan, Cuisine of Iran - Fast food imported and adapted foods, Cuisine of Iran - Alcoholic beverages, Cuisine of Iran - Vegetarianism in Iran

Read more here: » Cuisine of Iran: Encyclopedia II - Cuisine of Iran - Varieties of rice

Written history in Iran begins with the Proto-Elamites around 3000BC, and continues with the arrival of The Aryans and the establishment of the Median dynasty, followed by the Achaemenids, who built the world's first global empire, under Cyrus the Great in 546BC. The name Persia is derived from Persis, the ancient Greek name for the empire, although Eratosthenes also mentions the name "Iran". Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 331 BC, soon only to be succeeded by the Parthian and Sassanid dynasties, who followed the Achaemenids a ...

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Iran, Iran - Name, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references

Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - History

Many tourists come to the region for its cool climate (max 35 °C) during the hot summer months. The winters are bitter cold, with a temperature plummeting to -25 °C. Its famous natural region is the Savalan mountains. The majority of Ardebil province's population is composed of Azerbaijanis.The province is considered the coldest province in Iran by many. Large parts of the province are green and forested. ...

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Ardabil Province, Ardabil Province - Climate and Geography, Ardabil Province - History, Ardabil Province - Culture, Ardabil Province - Colleges and Universities

Read more here: » Ardabil Province: Encyclopedia II - Ardabil Province - Climate and Geography

Climatic conditions of Mazandaran have prevented the preservation of historical monuments. Thus there are only a few sound vestiges remaining from pre-Islamic periods in the coastal plains of Mazandaran. But the province is known to have been populated from early antiquity, and Mazandaran has changed hands among various dynasties from early in its history. There are several fortresses remaining from Parthian and Sassanid times, and many olde ...

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Mazandaran Province, Mazandaran Province - History, Mazandaran Province - Geography and Culture, Mazandaran Province - Language, Mazandaran Province - Celebrities from Mazandaran, Mazandaran Province - Mazandaran today, Mazandaran Province - Economy, Mazandaran Province - Colleges and Universities

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List of historical Iranian architects - inside Iran. Mohsen Foroughi (law college) Hooshang Seyhoon (Ibn sina monument/Nader shah Monument/Baba Taher Monument) Abdolaziz Farmanfarmayan (university of tehran mosques and technical college/Azadi sport complex/Niavaran Palace) Kamran Diba (Tehran musuem of contemporary arts/Niavaran garden and cultural complex/[1],[2]) Hadi Mirmiran (First place in most 1990s major competitions/The only architect won a medal of honor in art a ...

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List of historical Iranian architects, List of historical Iranian architects - Pre-Islamic, List of historical Iranian architects - First four centuries of The Islamic Era, List of historical Iranian architects - 11th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 12th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 13th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 14th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 15th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 16th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 17th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 18th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 19th century, List of historical Iranian architects - 20th century, List of historical Iranian architects - Contemporary, List of historical Iranian architects - inside Iran, List of historical Iranian architects - outside Iran, List of historical Iranian architects - References used

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Sometime around 1500 to 1000 BC, the Iranian nomads of Indo-European stock emigrated to the Iranian plateau possibly from Central Asia. In 8th century BC, the first Iranian government was established under the Median dynasty and under the following dynasty, the Achaemenids, Iranians built the first world empire. Their empire emerged in the 6th century BC under Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Persian Empire, who called himself "King of Iran and beyond". Indeed, the name Persia is derived from Persis, the ancient Greek name for the ...

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Iran, Iran - History, Iran - Government and Politics, Iran - The Supreme Leader Rahbar, Iran - The President Ra'is-e Jomhoor, Iran - The Parliament Majles, Iran - The Assembly of Experts, Iran - The Council of Guardians, Iran - The Expediency Council, Iran - The Judiciary, Iran - Provinces, Iran - Geography, Iran - Climate, Iran - Economy, Iran - Demographics, Iran - Ethnic groups, Iran - Religion, Iran - Major cities, Iran - Culture, Iran - Miscellaneous topics, Iran - Notes and references

Read more here: » Iran: Encyclopedia II - Iran - History

The name "Hyrcania" is how it was recorded by the Greek historians, but the local name in Old Persian was Varkâna as it is recorded in Darius the Great's Behistun Inscription, as well as other inscriptions in Old Persian in cuneiform. Hyrcania is situated between the Caspian Sea -which was called Hyrcanian Ocean in Antiquity- in the north and the Alborz mountains in the south and west. The country has a tropical climate and is very fertile; the Persians considered it one of 'the good lands and countries' which their supreme go ...

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Gorgan, Gorgan - Geography and climate, Gorgan - History, Gorgan - Culture, Gorgan - Handicrafts, Gorgan - Attractions, Gorgan - Colleges and Universities

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Masouleh is approximately 60 km southwest of Rasht and 25 km west of Fuman. The village is 1 050 meters above sea level in the Alborz (or Elburz) mountain range, near the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. The village itself has a difference in elevation of 100 meters. Fog is the predominate weather feature of Masouleh. ...

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Masouleh, Masouleh - Geography and Climate, Masouleh - Architecture

Read more here: » Masouleh: Encyclopedia II - Masouleh - Geography and Climate

List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Criticality accidents. Criticality accidents and power excursions in nuclear reactors, for example the Chernobyl accident. In a smaller scale accident at Sarov a man working with highly enriched uranium was irradiated while attempting an experiment involving a sphere of fissile material. The Sarov accident is interesting because the system remained critical for many days before it could be stopped. This is an example of a limited scope accident where only a few people can ...

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List of nuclear and radiation accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Accident types, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Criticality accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Decay heat, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Transport, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Equipment failure, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Human error, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Lost source, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Others, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Civilian nuclear accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Civilian radiation accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Military nuclear accidents

Read more here: » List of nuclear and radiation accidents: Encyclopedia II - List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Accident types

List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Criticality accidents. Criticality accidents and power excursions in nuclear reactors, for example the Chernobyl accident was a power excursion. In a smaller scale accident at Sarov a man working with highly enriched uranium was irradiated while attempting a experiment involving a sphere of fissile material. The Sarov accident is interesting because the system remained critical for many days before it could be stopped. This is an example of a limited scope accident where ...

See also:

List of nuclear and radiation accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Accident types, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Criticality accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Decay heat, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Transport, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Equipment failure, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Human error, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Lost source, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Others, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Civilian nuclear accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Civilian radiation accidents, List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Military nuclear accidents

Read more here: » List of nuclear and radiation accidents: Encyclopedia II - List of nuclear and radiation accidents - Accident types