Gideon Mantell

Gideon Mantell was born in Lewes, Sussex. He was a dedicated and hard-working obstetrician, physician and surgeon who regularly saw dozens of patients each day -- on one occasion he attended sixty in a single day during a typhus epidemic. Although mainly occupied with running his busy country medical practice in Lewes, he spent his little free time pursuing his passion, geology, often working into the early hours of the morning. Inspired by the sensational discovery of a fossilised animal resembling a huge crocodile (later identified as an i ...

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Gideon Mantell, Gideon Mantell - Giant iguana-like teeth, Gideon Mantell - Recognition, Gideon Mantell - Later years, Gideon Mantell - Death and remembrance

Read more here: » Gideon Mantell: Encyclopedia II - Gideon Mantell - Giant iguana-like teeth

Dinosaurs are vertebrate animals that range from reptile-like to bird-like.[1] Dinosaurs dominated the terrestrial ecosystem for over 160 million years, first appearing around 230 million years ago. 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, all non-avian dinosaurs became extinct. Dinosaurs still exist today in the line of birds (avian dinosaurs). Knowledge about dinosaurs is derived from both fossil and non-fossil records, includ ...

Including:

• Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?
• Dinosaur - Definition
• Dinosaur - Size
• Dinosaur - Behavior
• Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs
• Dinosaur - Classification
• Dinosaur - Order Saurischia
• Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia
• Dinosaur - Evolution
• Dinosaur - Areas of debate
• Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?
• Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection
• Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs
• Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life
• Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils
• Dinosaur - Extinction theories
• Dinosaur - Asteroid collision
• Dinosaur - The Oort cloud
• Dinosaur - Environment changes
• Dinosaur - History of discovery
• Dinosaur - In popular culture
• Dinosaur - Notes

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia - Dinosaur

Iguanodon is an ornithopod dinosaur, roughly halfway between the early hypsilophodontids and their ultimate culmination in the duck-billed dinosaurs. They lived between 120 to 140 million years ago, in the Barremian to Valanginian ages of the early Cretaceous period, though one unknown species is from the late Jurassic. Its most distinctive feature was a large razor-sharp thumb, likely used for defense from predators. The various Iguanodon species are bulky herbivores, ranging from 6 to 11 metres (20 to 36 feet) in length, and avera ...

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Iguanodon, Iguanodon - Description, Iguanodon - Discovery and classification

Read more here: » Iguanodon: Encyclopedia II - Iguanodon - Description

Hylaeosaurus armatus was first named by Gideon Mantell in 1833, and is currently considered the only species in the genera. It is known from only two partial skeletons, some horny (dermal) spines, armor, and various other minor pieces. The best specimen (the original) is composed of the front end of a skeleton minus most of the head, though only the parts on the face of the stone block are easily studied. Polacanthoides ponderosus, Hylaeosaurus conybearei, and Hylaeosaurus oweniSee also:

Hylaeosaurus, Hylaeosaurus - Description and environment, Hylaeosaurus - Classification, Hylaeosaurus - History

Read more here: » Hylaeosaurus: Encyclopedia II - Hylaeosaurus - Classification

Dinosaur - Definition. The superorder or clade "Dinosauria" was formally named by the English scientist Richard Owen in 1842. The term is a portmanteau derived from the Greek words deinos ("terrible" or "fearfully great" or "formidable") and sauros ("lizard" or "reptile"). Owen chose it to express his awe at the size and majesty of the extinct animals, not out of fear or trepidation at their size ...

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Dinosaur, Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?, Dinosaur - Definition, Dinosaur - Size, Dinosaur - Behavior, Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Classification, Dinosaur - Order Saurischia, Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia, Dinosaur - Evolution, Dinosaur - Areas of debate, Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?, Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection, Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life, Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils, Dinosaur - Extinction theories, Dinosaur - Asteroid collision, Dinosaur - The Oort cloud, Dinosaur - Environment changes, Dinosaur - History of discovery, Dinosaur - In popular culture, Dinosaur - Religious points of view, Dinosaur - Notes and references, Dinosaur - General references

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia II - Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?

Geology of the British Isles - Proterozoic Era. The Gneisses, the oldest rocks in Britain or Ireland, date from at least 2,700 Ma (Ma = millions of years ago) in the Archean period of this era, the Earth itself being only about 4,600 Ma old. They are found in the far north west of Scotland and in the Hebrides, with a few small outcrops elsewhere. Formed from rock originally deposited at the surface of the planet, the rocks were later buried d ...

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Geology of the British Isles, Geology of the British Isles - Geological history, Geology of the British Isles - Proterozoic Era, Geology of the British Isles - Paleozoic Era, Geology of the British Isles - Mesozoic Era, Geology of the British Isles - Cenozoic Era, Geology of the British Isles - Geological features, Geology of the British Isles - Geological resources, Geology of the British Isles - Events, Geology of the British Isles - Institutions, Geology of the British Isles - People, Geology of the British Isles - Awards

Read more here: » Geology of the British Isles: Encyclopedia II - Geology of the British Isles - Geological history

Wollaston Medal - 1831. 1831 William Smith 1835 Gideon Mantell 1836 Louis Agassiz 1837 Proby Thomas Cautley 1837 Hugh Falconer 1838 Richard Owen 1839 Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg 1840 Andre Hubert Dumont 1841 Adolphe Theodore Brongniart 1842 Leopold von Buch 1843 Jean-Baptiste Elie de Beaumont 1843 Pierre Armand Dufrenoy 1844 William Conybeare 1845 John Phillips 1846 William Lonsdale 1847 Ami Boué 1848 William B ...

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Wollaston Medal, Wollaston Medal - Laureates, Wollaston Medal - 1831, Wollaston Medal - 1850, Wollaston Medal - 1900, Wollaston Medal - 1950, Wollaston Medal - 2000, Wollaston Medal - External link

Read more here: » Wollaston Medal: Encyclopedia II - Wollaston Medal - Laureates

Iguanodon is an ornithopod dinosaur, roughly halfway between the early hypsilophodontids and their ultimate culmination in the duck-billed dinosaurs. It lived between 120 to 140 million years ago, in the Barremian to Valanginian ages of the early Cretaceous period, though one unknown species is from the late Jurassic. Its most distinctive feature was a large razor-sharp thumb, likely used for defense from predators. The various Iguanodon species are bulky herbivores, ranging from 6 to 11 metres (20 to 36 feet) in length, and avera ...

See also:

Iguanodon, Iguanodon - Description, Iguanodon - Discovery and classification

Read more here: » Iguanodon: Encyclopedia II - Iguanodon - Description

Hylaeosaurus lived about 135 million years ago, in the Valanginian to Berriasian ages of the early Cretaceous. Gideon Mantell originally estimated that the Hylaeosaurus was about 25 feet (7.5 meters) long, or about half the size of the other two original dinosaurs, the Iguanodon and the Megalosaurus. Modern estimates range from 3 to 6 meters (10 to 20 feet) in length. It is a fairly typical armored dinosaur, with three long spines on its shoulder, two at the hips, and three rows of armor running down its ba ...

See also:

Hylaeosaurus, Hylaeosaurus - Description and environment, Hylaeosaurus - Classification, Hylaeosaurus - History

Read more here: » Hylaeosaurus: Encyclopedia II - Hylaeosaurus - Description and environment

Dinosaurs were highly successful creatures; they were the dominant land animals on Earth for over 150 million years. However, it is their sudden extinction as much as their success that has made them an enduring part of human popular culture. Hence dinosaur is sometimes used colloquially as a metaphor for people and things that are perceived to be out of date or no longer in touch with the spirit of the times, and therefore ought to be extinct. For example, members of the punk movement derided the "progressive" ...

See also:

Dinosaur, Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?, Dinosaur - Definition, Dinosaur - Size, Dinosaur - Behavior, Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Classification, Dinosaur - Order Saurischia, Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia, Dinosaur - Evolution, Dinosaur - Areas of debate, Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?, Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection, Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life, Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils, Dinosaur - Extinction theories, Dinosaur - Asteroid collision, Dinosaur - The Oort cloud, Dinosaur - Environment changes, Dinosaur - History of discovery, Dinosaur - In popular culture, Dinosaur - Religious points of view, Dinosaur - Notes and references, Dinosaur - General references

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia II - Dinosaur - In popular culture

The sudden mass extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, which occurred around 65 million years ago, is one of the most intriguing mysteries in paleontology. Many other groups of animals also became extinct at this time, including ammonites (nautilus-like mollusks), mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, herbivorous turtles and crocodiles, most birds, and many groups of mammals.[32] The nature of the event which caused this mass extinction has been extensively studied since the 1970s. At present, several related th ...

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Dinosaur, Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?, Dinosaur - Definition, Dinosaur - Size, Dinosaur - Behavior, Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Classification, Dinosaur - Order Saurischia, Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia, Dinosaur - Evolution, Dinosaur - Areas of debate, Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?, Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection, Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life, Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils, Dinosaur - Extinction theories, Dinosaur - Asteroid collision, Dinosaur - The Oort cloud, Dinosaur - Environment changes, Dinosaur - History of discovery, Dinosaur - In popular culture, Dinosaur - Religious points of view, Dinosaur - Notes and references, Dinosaur - General references

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia II - Dinosaur - Extinction theories

Dinosaur fossils have been known of for millennia, although their true nature was not recognized; the Chinese considered them to be dragon bones, while Europeans believed them to be the remains of giants and other creatures killed by the Great Flood. The first dinosaur species to be identified and named was Iguanodon, which was discovered in 1822 by the English geologist Gideon Mantell, who recognized similarities bet ...

See also:

Dinosaur, Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?, Dinosaur - Definition, Dinosaur - Size, Dinosaur - Behavior, Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Classification, Dinosaur - Order Saurischia, Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia, Dinosaur - Evolution, Dinosaur - Areas of debate, Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?, Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection, Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life, Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils, Dinosaur - Extinction theories, Dinosaur - Asteroid collision, Dinosaur - The Oort cloud, Dinosaur - Environment changes, Dinosaur - History of discovery, Dinosaur - In popular culture, Dinosaur - Religious points of view, Dinosaur - Notes and references, Dinosaur - General references

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia II - Dinosaur - History of discovery

Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?. A vigorous debate on the subject of temperature regulation in dinosaurs has been ongoing since the 1960s. Originally, scientists broadly disagreed as to whether dinosaurs were capable of regulating their body temperatures at all. More recently, dinosaur endothermy has become the consensus view, and debate has focused on the mechanisms of temperature regulation. After dinosaurs were discovered, paleontologists first posited that they were ectothermic creatures: "terrible lizards" a ...

See also:

Dinosaur, Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?, Dinosaur - Definition, Dinosaur - Size, Dinosaur - Behavior, Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Classification, Dinosaur - Order Saurischia, Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia, Dinosaur - Evolution, Dinosaur - Areas of debate, Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?, Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection, Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life, Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils, Dinosaur - Extinction theories, Dinosaur - Asteroid collision, Dinosaur - The Oort cloud, Dinosaur - Environment changes, Dinosaur - History of discovery, Dinosaur - In popular culture, Dinosaur - Religious points of view, Dinosaur - Notes and references, Dinosaur - General references

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia II - Dinosaur - Areas of debate

Information on dinosaurs is obtained from a widely varying fields of study which include Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and the Earth Sciences (which also includes Paleontology). Activities include the discovery, reconstruction and conservation of dinosaur fossils and the interpretation of those fossils which enables us to better understand the evolution, classification and behavior of dinosaurs. Dinosaur - Classification. ...

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Dinosaur, Dinosaur - What is a dinosaur?, Dinosaur - Definition, Dinosaur - Size, Dinosaur - Behavior, Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Classification, Dinosaur - Order Saurischia, Dinosaur - †Order Ornithischia, Dinosaur - Evolution, Dinosaur - Areas of debate, Dinosaur - Warm-blooded?, Dinosaur - Feathered dinosaurs and the bird connection, Dinosaur - Evidence for Cenozoic dinosaurs, Dinosaur - Bringing dinosaurs back to life, Dinosaur - Discovery of probable soft tissue from dinosaur fossils, Dinosaur - Extinction theories, Dinosaur - Asteroid collision, Dinosaur - The Oort cloud, Dinosaur - Environment changes, Dinosaur - History of discovery, Dinosaur - In popular culture, Dinosaur - Religious points of view, Dinosaur - Notes and references, Dinosaur - General references

Read more here: » Dinosaur: Encyclopedia II - Dinosaur - Study of dinosaurs

In 1833 Mantell relocated to Brighton, but his medical practice suffered and he was almost rendered destitute, but for the town's council who promptly transformed his house into a museum. In 1839, Mary Mantell left her husband. That same year, Gideon's youngest son Walter emigrated to New Zealand. The museum in Brighton ultimately failed as a result of Mantell's habit of waiving the entrance fee. Finally ...

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Gideon Mantell, Gideon Mantell - Giant iguana-like teeth, Gideon Mantell - Recognition, Gideon Mantell - Later years, Gideon Mantell - Death and remembrance

Read more here: » Gideon Mantell: Encyclopedia II - Gideon Mantell - Later years

He tried in vain to convince his peers that the fossils were from Mesozoic strata by carefully studying rock layers. Sir Richard Owen famously disputed Mantell's assertion by claiming that the teeth were of mammalian origins. Years later, Mantell had acquired enough fossil evidence to show that the dinosaur's forelimbs were much shorter than its hind legs, therefore ruling out any mammal. Mantell went on to demonstrate that fossil vertebrae Owen had attributed to a variety of diffe ...

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Gideon Mantell, Gideon Mantell - Giant iguana-like teeth, Gideon Mantell - Recognition, Gideon Mantell - Later years, Gideon Mantell - Death and remembrance

Read more here: » Gideon Mantell: Encyclopedia II - Gideon Mantell - Recognition