Germanic paganism seems to have begun developing sometime during the 2nd millennium BC, during the Nordic Bronze Age, with influences from neighboring cultures, notably the Celts, and possibly Finnish and Baltic mythologies. The Proto-Germanic pantheon was divided into two classes, the *Ansuwaz (cognate to Asura) and the *Wanisaz (cognate to *Wenos, a name of *Hausos; see also Vanadis, Wynn, and possibly *Wanax). Members included *Tiwaz, *Wodinaz, *Nerþuz (either a god or a goddess), and *Frijja. Some natural pheno ...

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Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

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Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

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During the Migration period, Germanic religion was subject to syncretic influence from Christianity and Mediterranean culture (see also Runes). Jordanes' Getica is a 6th century account of the Goths. According to the Getica, the chief god of the Goths was Tiwaz, to whom they sacrificed prisoners of war, hanging their limbs upon trees. Saint Columbanus in the 6th century encountered a beer sacrifice to Woden in Bregenz. In the 8th century, the Saxons venerated an Irminsul (see also Donar's Oak). Charlemagne is re ...

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Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

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Worship of Odin dates to Proto-Germanic paganism. The Roman historian Tacitus probably refers to Odin when he talks of Mercury. The reason is that, like Mercury, Odin was regarded as Psychopompos, "the leader of souls". Parallels between Odin and Celtic Lugus have often been pointed out: both are intellectual gods, commanding magic and poetry. Both have ravens and a spear as their attributes, and both are one-eyed. Julius Caesar (de bello Gallico, 6.17.1), who mentions Mercury as the chief god of Celtic religion. A likely conte ...

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Odin, Odin - Characteristics, Odin - Origins, Odin - Seid, Odin - Blót, Odin - Edda, Odin - Attributes, Odin - Names, Odin - Odin and Jesus, Odin - Persisting beliefs in Odin, Odin - Modern age, Odin - Modern popular culture, Odin - Germanic neopaganism, Odin - Notes, Odin - Literature

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Three main types of sources provide information on Celtic polytheism: the minted coins of Gaul, the sculptural monuments associated with the Celts of continental Europe and of Roman Britain, and the insular literatures of Celtic mythology that have survived in writing from medieval times. All pose problems of interpretation. The pre-Roman coins of the 1st century BC and early 1st century AD bear no inscriptions, and their iconography derives partly from standardized Hellenistic numismatic prototypes and partly presents highly local emblems. ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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Celtic polytheism (also called Druidic polytheism) is the term for the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Celts. Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism. As the religion of the ancient Celts, the shifts in the fortunes of Celtic Polytheism coincided with those of its people. The Celts, like other ancient Indo-European peoples, practised a form of polytheism, which reached the apogee of its influence and territorial expansion during the 4th century BC, extending across the length o ...

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Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism Celtic polytheism - Research Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology Celtic polytheism - Worship Celtic polytheism - Religious castes
Celtic polytheism - Druids Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid
Celtic polytheism - Festivals
Celtic polytheism - Beltane Celtic polytheism - Samhain
Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism
Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship
Celtic polytheism - Deities Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity Celtic polytheism - Literature

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The locus classicus for the Celtic gods of Gaul is the passage in Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico (52–51 BC; The Gallic War) in which he names five of them together with their functions. Mercury was the most honoured of all the gods and many images of him were to be found. Mercury was regarded as the inventor of all the arts, the patron of travellers and of merchants, and the most powerful god in matters of commerce and gain. After him the Gauls honoured Apollo, Mars, Jupiter, and Minerva. Of these gods they held almost the same opinions as other peoples did: Apollo drives away diseases, M ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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According to Poseidonius and later classical authors Gaulish religion and culture were the concern of three professional classes—the druid, the bards, and between them an order closely associated with the druids that seems to have been best known by the Gaulish term vates, cognate with the Latin vates ("seers"). This threefold hierarchy had its reflex among the two main branches of Celts in Ireland and Wales but is best represented in early Irish tradition with its druids, filidh (singular fili), and bards; the fili ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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Insular sources provide important information about Celtic religious festivals. In Ireland the year was divided into two periods of six months by the feasts of Beltane (May 1) and Samhain (Samain; November 1), and each of these periods was equally divided by the feasts of Imbolc (February 1), and Lughnasadh (August 1). Samhain seems originally to have meant "summer," but by the early Irish period it had come to mark summer's end. Beltine is also called Cetsamain ("First Samhain"). Imbolc has been compared by the French scholar Joseph Vendrye ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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Celtic polytheism - Druids. A Druid (often cited as being from the Celtic: "Knowing [or Finding] the Oak Tree") was a member of the learned class among the ancient Celts. They seem to have frequented oak forests and acted as priests, teachers, and judges. The earliest known records of the Druids come from the 3rd century BC. According to Julius Caesar, who is the principal source of information about the Druids, there were two groups of men in Gaul that were held in honour, the Druids and the noblem ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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The notion of the Celtic pantheon as merely a proliferation of local gods is contradicted by the several well-attested deities whose cults were observed virtually throughout the areas of Celtic settlement. Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius. According to Caesar the god most honoured by the Gauls was "Mercury (Greek: Hermes). ," and this is confirmed by numerous images and inscriptions. His Celtic name is not explicitly stated, but it is clearly implied in the place-name Lugudunon ("the fort or dwe ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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This table shows some gods and goddesses believed to have comprised the Proto-Celtic pantheon along with the semantics of their names and their derivational forms. From this chart it will be seen that many, though not all, Celtic theonyms incorporate the element *-on- and this element seems to be used to denote divinity. It appears sometimes in *a grade form as *-an- and sometimes in zero grade form as *-n-. It is plausibly a Proto-Celtic form of the Proto-Indo-European lemna *H2en- *H2on- *See also:

Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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As the religion of the ancient Celts, the shifts in the fortunes of Celtic Polytheism coincided with those of its people. The Celts, like other ancient Indo-European peoples, practised a form of polytheism, which reached the apogee of its influence and territorial expansion during the 4th century BC, extending across the length of Europe from Great Britain to Asia Minor. From the 3rd century BC onward their history is one of decline and disintegration, and with Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul (58 –51 BC) Celtic independence came to ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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Little is known about the religious beliefs of the Celts of Gaul. They believed in a life after death, for they buried food, weapons, and ornaments with the dead. The druids, the early Celtic priesthood, taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls and discussed the nature and power of the gods. The Irish believed in an otherworld, imagined sometimes as underground and sometimes as islands in the sea. The otherworld was variously called "the Land of the Living," "Delightful Plain," and Tir na nOg "Land of the Young" and was believed ...

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Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Extent of Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Research, Celtic polytheism - Syncretism with other forms of polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cosmology and eschatology, Celtic polytheism - Worship, Celtic polytheism - Religious castes, Celtic polytheism - Druids, Celtic polytheism - Bards and filid, Celtic polytheism - Festivals, Celtic polytheism - Beltane, Celtic polytheism - Samhain, Celtic polytheism - Cults within Celtic polytheism, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Lugus-Mercurius, Celtic polytheism - Cults of tribalism lordly power and thunderous force, Celtic polytheism - Cult of radiance or healing, Celtic polytheism - Cult of youthful masculinity, Celtic polytheism - Cult of thermal spring-water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of impressiveness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of exaltedness, Celtic polytheism - Cult of Sucellos, Celtic polytheism - Cults of maritime forces, Celtic polytheism - Cults of craftsmanship, Celtic polytheism - Cults of agricultural gods, Celtic polytheism - Cult of terrestrial bounty, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the power of boggy terrain, Celtic polytheism - Cult of maternity, Celtic polytheism - Cults of femininity & majesty, Celtic polytheism - Cults of cyclicality in nature, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the trinitarian war-goddess, Celtic polytheism - Cults of fluvial water, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the stag’s vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of the bullish vitality, Celtic polytheism - Cult of horse power and horsemanship, Celtic polytheism - Deities, Celtic polytheism - The effect of Christianity, Celtic polytheism - Literature

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In 1000 AD, Iceland became nominally Christian, although continuation of pagan worship in private was tolerated. Most of Scandinavia was Christianized during the 11th century. Adam von Bremen gives the last report of vigorous Norse paganism. Sometimes, the subjects of a lord who converted to Christianity refused to follow his lead (this happened to the Swedish kings Olof of Sweden, Anund Gårdske and Ingold I) and would sometimes force the lord ...

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Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

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Early medieval Scandinavian (Viking Age) paganism is much better documented than its predecessors, notably via the records of Norse mythology, recorded in the Edda, and the Sagas, written in Iceland during 1150 - 1400. Sacrifices were known as Blót, seasonal celebrations where gifts were offered to appropriate gods, and attempts were made to predict the coming season. Similar events were sometimes arrange ...

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Germanic paganism, Germanic paganism - Proto-Germanic religion, Germanic paganism - Pre-Migration Period, Germanic paganism - Tacitus, Germanic paganism - Migration Age, Germanic paganism - Viking Age, Germanic paganism - Middle Ages

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