For speakers of standard German, Alemanic can be very difficult to understand, particularly the southernmost dialects. Therefore, some linguists and organisations that differentiate between languages and dialects primarily on the grounds of mutual intelligibility, such as SIL International and UNESCO, describe Alemannic German as its own language. Even within the Alemannic dialects though, not all dialects are mutually intelligible; Swabian (t ...

See also:

Alemannic German, Alemannic German - Variety of German or independent language?, Alemannic German - Variants, Alemannic German - Characteristics, Alemannic German - Language codes

Read more here: » Alemannic German: Encyclopedia II - Alemannic German - Variety of German or independent language?

114,000 Germans came to the United States between 1931 and 1940, many of whom were anti-Nazis fleeing government oppression. [5] About 25,000 people became paying members of the pro-Nazi German American Bund during the years before the war. [6] German Americans who had been born overseas were the subject of some suspicion and discrimination during the war, although prejudice and sheer numbers meant they suffered less than Japanese Americans. The Alien Registration Act of 1940 required 300,000 German born U.S. resident aliens to register with ...

See also:

German American, German American - First German Americans, German American - German Americans throughout the country, German American - Present Population, German American - Diversity, German American - Amish Mennonite and Hutterites, German American - German Americans Assimilation and World War I, German American - German Americans and World War II, German American - German-American Influence, German American - German-American presidents, German American - External link

Read more here: » German American: Encyclopedia II - German American - German Americans and World War II

The Germans are a Germanic people. Ethnographers hypothesize that all Germanic speakers originally came from Scandinavia, which includes Jutland and the southwest shores of the Baltic Sea, before the Migrations Period. Prior to that time, their Indo-European ancestors may have migrated slowly from the Black Sea region and arrived in southern Scandinavia. Assimilation with other peoples is postulated, both with the prior inhabitants of Scandinavia and with peoples encountered on their way from Asia. Celtic peoples were then either assimilated, exterminated, or driven out during the expansion southwards from the Baltic. See also:

Germans, Germans - History, Germans - Background, Germans - Ethnic nationalism, Germans - The Divided Germany, Germans - Religion, Germans - Minorities, Germans - Conclusion, Germans - Reference

Read more here: » Germans: Encyclopedia II - Germans - History

List of Germans - Chancellors of Germany before 2nd World War. Gustav Stresemann, (1878-1929), chancellor and statesman of the Weimar Republic (DVP) Joseph Wirth, (1879-1956), Chancellor of the Weimar Period (Centre) Franz von Papen (1879-1969), chancellor and politician of the Weimar Republic Philipp Scheidemann, (1865-1939), chancellor in the Weimar period (SPD) Kurt von Schleicher - general and chancellor in the Weimar period Georg Michaelis, (1857-1936), Impe ...

See also:

List of Germans, List of Germans - Actors, List of Germans - Artists, List of Germans - Composers, List of Germans - Filmmakers, List of Germans - Royalty, List of Germans - Musicians and singers, List of Germans - Philosophers, List of Germans - Politicians, List of Germans - Chancellors of Germany before 2nd World War, List of Germans - Chancellors of Germany after 2nd World War, List of Germans - Presidents of Germany, List of Germans - Politicians in East Germany, List of Germans - Personalities of the Nazi Party and Regime, List of Germans - Scientists and engineers, List of Germans - Sportspersons, List of Germans - Theologians, List of Germans - Writers, List of Germans - Others

Read more here: » List of Germans: Encyclopedia II - List of Germans - Politicians

A German noun has one of three specific grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and belongs to one of three declensions. These features remain unaltered by inflection but must be considered in this process. The grammatical gender influences articles, adjectives and pronouns. Note that gender and sex differ in many cases, as mentioned above. Number (singular, plural) and case (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) must be taken in ...

See also:

German grammar, German grammar - Declension, German grammar - Nominal or Noun Phrases, German grammar - The genitive attribute, German grammar - Position, German grammar - Relative clause, German grammar - Nouns, German grammar - Types of declensions, German grammar - Articles and article-like words, German grammar - Possessive article-like pronouns, German grammar - Cardinal numbers, German grammar - Adjectives, German grammar - Strong inflection, German grammar - Weak inflection, German grammar - Mixed inflection, German grammar - Criteria for Inflection, German grammar - The positive form, German grammar - The comparative form, German grammar - The superlative form, German grammar - Pronouns, German grammar - Personal pronouns, German grammar - Pronouns derived from articles, German grammar - Reflexive pronouns, German grammar - Relative clause, German grammar - Demonstrative pronouns, German grammar - Adverbial phrases, German grammar - Native adverbs, German grammar - Accusative nouns with adverbial meaning, German grammar - Adverbial forms of adjectives, German grammar - Prepositional phrases, German grammar - Verbs, German grammar - Simple Infinitives, German grammar - Complex infinitives, German grammar - Conjugation, German grammar - Verbal nouns and verbal adjectives, German grammar - Tenses, German grammar - Flavoring particles, German grammar - Sentences, German grammar - Main Sentence, German grammar - Subordinate clauses

Read more here: » German grammar: Encyclopedia II - German grammar - Nouns

German verbs may be classified as either weak, with a dental consonant inflection, or strong, showing a vowel gradation (ablaut). Both of these are regular systems. Most verbs of both types are regular, though various subgroups and anomalies do arise. The only completely irregular verb in the language is "sein" (to be). However, textbooks for foreign learners often class all strong verbs as irregular. There are less than 200 strong and irregular verbs, and there is a gradual tendency for strong verbs to become weak. Ger ...

See also:

German grammar, German grammar - Declension, German grammar - Nominal or Noun Phrases, German grammar - The genitive attribute, German grammar - Position, German grammar - Relative clause, German grammar - Nouns, German grammar - Types of declensions, German grammar - Articles and article-like words, German grammar - Possessive article-like pronouns, German grammar - Cardinal numbers, German grammar - Adjectives, German grammar - Strong inflection, German grammar - Weak inflection, German grammar - Mixed inflection, German grammar - Criteria for Inflection, German grammar - The positive form, German grammar - The comparative form, German grammar - The superlative form, German grammar - Pronouns, German grammar - Personal pronouns, German grammar - Pronouns derived from articles, German grammar - Reflexive pronouns, German grammar - Relative clause, German grammar - Demonstrative pronouns, German grammar - Adverbial phrases, German grammar - Native adverbs, German grammar - Accusative nouns with adverbial meaning, German grammar - Adverbial forms of adjectives, German grammar - Prepositional phrases, German grammar - Verbs, German grammar - Simple Infinitives, German grammar - Complex infinitives, German grammar - Conjugation, German grammar - Verbal nouns and verbal adjectives, German grammar - Tenses, German grammar - Flavoring particles, German grammar - Sentences, German grammar - Main Sentence, German grammar - Subordinate clauses

Read more here: » German grammar: Encyclopedia II - German grammar - Verbs

Deutschbrasilianer (in German), teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro (in Portuguese), or German-Brazilian (in English) basically is a person of German origin (i.e. of that language, one of its dialect, nationality, place of origin or ethnicity) who is native to southern Brazil (and to some extent also existent in some other regions of the country, like in the state of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and others.) However, most German-Brazilians do live in the southernmost states of Brazil, na ...

See also:

German-Brazilian, German-Brazilian - Name and Location, German-Brazilian - Language, German-Brazilian - Immigration, German-Brazilian - German colonisation in Brazil, German-Brazilian - Urban Germans in Brazil, German-Brazilian - Religion

Read more here: » German-Brazilian: Encyclopedia II - German-Brazilian - Name and Location

For the inflection of adjectives, the case, number and gender of the nominal phrase must be considered along with the article of the noun. Like articles, adjectives use the same plural endings for all three genders. "Ein lauter Krach" (a loud noise) "Der laute Krach" (the loud noise) "Der große, schöne Mond" (the big, beautiful moon) Participles may be used a ...

See also:

German grammar, German grammar - Declension, German grammar - Nominal or Noun Phrases, German grammar - The genitive attribute, German grammar - Position, German grammar - Relative clause, German grammar - Nouns, German grammar - Types of declensions, German grammar - Articles and article-like words, German grammar - Possessive article-like pronouns, German grammar - Cardinal numbers, German grammar - Adjectives, German grammar - Strong inflection, German grammar - Weak inflection, German grammar - Mixed inflection, German grammar - Criteria for Inflection, German grammar - The positive form, German grammar - The comparative form, German grammar - The superlative form, German grammar - Pronouns, German grammar - Personal pronouns, German grammar - Pronouns derived from articles, German grammar - Reflexive pronouns, German grammar - Relative clause, German grammar - Demonstrative pronouns, German grammar - Adverbial phrases, German grammar - Native adverbs, German grammar - Accusative nouns with adverbial meaning, German grammar - Adverbial forms of adjectives, German grammar - Prepositional phrases, German grammar - Verbs, German grammar - Simple Infinitives, German grammar - Complex infinitives, German grammar - Conjugation, German grammar - Verbal nouns and verbal adjectives, German grammar - Tenses, German grammar - Flavoring particles, German grammar - Sentences, German grammar - Main Sentence, German grammar - Subordinate clauses

Read more here: » German grammar: Encyclopedia II - German grammar - Adjectives

Germanic neopaganism - Ásatrú. Ásatrú is an Old Norse compound derived from Ása, the genitive of Áss, which refers to the Aesir, (one of the two families of gods in Norse mythology, the other being the Vanir), and Trú, literally "troth" or "faith". Thus, Ásatrú is the "Æsir's faith." The term is the Old Norse/Icelandic translation of Asetro, a neologism coined in the context of 19th century romantic nationalism, used by Edvard Grieg in his 1870 opera Olaf Trygvason. Th ...

See also:

Germanic neopaganism, Germanic neopaganism - Terminology, Germanic neopaganism - Ásatrú, Germanic neopaganism - Heathen, Germanic neopaganism - Odinism, Germanic neopaganism - Forn Siðr, Germanic neopaganism - Theodism, Germanic neopaganism - History, Germanic neopaganism - Distribution of adherents, Germanic neopaganism - Factions, Germanic neopaganism - Tenets, Germanic neopaganism - Rites, Germanic neopaganism - Artistic Output And Influence, Germanic neopaganism - Symbolism, Germanic neopaganism - List of Organizations

Read more here: » Germanic neopaganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic neopaganism - Terminology

All Germanic languages are thought to be descended from a hypothetical Proto-Germanic, united by their having been subjected to the sound shifts of Grimm's law and Verner's law. These took place probably during the Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe from ca. 500 BC, but other common innovations separating Germanic from Proto-Indo European suggest a common history of pre-Proto-Germanic speakers throughout the Nordic Bronze Age. From the time of their earliest attestation, the Germanic dialects are divided into three groups, West, Ea ...

See also:

Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison

Read more here: » Germanic languages: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - History

Besides the Norse/Germanic mythology at its core, Heathenry has regional varieties of emphasis, often from the subjective interpretations of influential local practitioners. Thus, in Germany and the USA, some movements have racial, white supremacy or Neo-Nazi ideologies, while in Iceland, on the other hand, Ásatrú has left wing associations. Some Neopagan organizations in Germany in particular have a relationship to Ariosophy, Occultism and Neo-Nazi ideology, such as the Armanen-Orden in the tradition of Karl Maria Willigut. ...

See also:

Germanic neopaganism, Germanic neopaganism - Terminology, Germanic neopaganism - Ásatrú, Germanic neopaganism - Heathen, Germanic neopaganism - Odinism, Germanic neopaganism - Forn Siðr, Germanic neopaganism - Theodism, Germanic neopaganism - History, Germanic neopaganism - Distribution of adherents, Germanic neopaganism - Factions, Germanic neopaganism - Tenets, Germanic neopaganism - Rites, Germanic neopaganism - Artistic Output And Influence, Germanic neopaganism - Symbolism, Germanic neopaganism - List of Organizations

Read more here: » Germanic neopaganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic neopaganism - Factions

Germanic Neopagan organizations generally favor democratic and republican forms of church government, as inspired by the parliamentary Things of the Viking era and subsequent parliamentary systems of Britain and the Scandinavian countries. They promote individual rights and freedom of speech reminiscent of the free jarls of Norse saga. Solitary practice, or practice in small circles of friends or family is common. Neopagan societies have been formed since the 1970s, but most take the role of a loose federation and do not require commi ...

See also:

Germanic neopaganism, Germanic neopaganism - Terminology, Germanic neopaganism - Ásatrú, Germanic neopaganism - Heathen, Germanic neopaganism - Odinism, Germanic neopaganism - Forn Siðr, Germanic neopaganism - Theodism, Germanic neopaganism - History, Germanic neopaganism - Distribution of adherents, Germanic neopaganism - Factions, Germanic neopaganism - Tenets, Germanic neopaganism - Rites, Germanic neopaganism - Artistic Output And Influence, Germanic neopaganism - Symbolism, Germanic neopaganism - List of Organizations

Read more here: » Germanic neopaganism: Encyclopedia II - Germanic neopaganism - Tenets

After two or three generations in America the Germans assimilated to American customs--some of which they heavily influenced--and switched their language to English. As one scholar concludes, "The overwhelming evidence ... indicates that the German-American school was a bilingual one much (perhaps a whole generation or more) earlier than 1917, and that the majority of the pupils may have been English-dominant bilinguals from the early 1880's on." [1] By 1914 the older members were attending German language church services while the younger m ...

See also:

German American, German American - First German Americans, German American - German Americans throughout the country, German American - Present Population, German American - Diversity, German American - Amish Mennonite and Hutterites, German American - German Americans Assimilation and World War I, German American - German Americans and World War II, German American - German-American Influence, German American - German-American presidents, German American - External link

Read more here: » German American: Encyclopedia II - German American - German Americans Assimilation and World War I

Although the number of German states had been steadily decreasing since the Thirty Years' War, there still remained approximately 200 states by the advent of the Napoleonic Era. The defeat of the First Coalition resulted in the secularisation of the Ecclesial states and the annexation by France of all lands west of the Rhine. Also in 1803, most of the Free Cities in Germany were mediatised. On June 12, 1806, Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine to help secure the eastern border of France. On August 6, 1806, the Holy Roman Empe ...

See also:

German Mediatisation, German Mediatisation - Background, German Mediatisation - Secularisation, German Mediatisation - Secularised States, German Mediatisation - Mediatisation, German Mediatisation - Mediatised Monarchies, German Mediatisation - Abolished Free and Imperial Cities, German Mediatisation - Related Links

Read more here: » German Mediatisation: Encyclopedia II - German Mediatisation - Mediatisation

Kant (1724 - 1804) is sometimes considered the first of the German idealists. Kant's work purported to bridge the two dominant philosophical schools in the eighteenth century: 1) rationalism, which held that knowledge could be attained by reason alone a priori (prior to experience), and 2) empiricism, which held that knowledge could be arrived at only through the senses. Kant's solution was to propose that while we could know particular facts about the world only via sensory experience, we could know the form they must take pri ...

See also:

German idealism, German idealism - Meaning of Idealism, German idealism - Background, German idealism - Jacobi, German idealism - Reinhold, German idealism - Schulze, German idealism - Fichte, German idealism - Hegel, German idealism - Schelling, German idealism - Schleiermacher, German idealism - Conclusion

Read more here: » German idealism: Encyclopedia II - German idealism - Background

Trout is the most common freshwater fish on German menus, although pike, carp, and perch are also frequently served. Seafood was traditionally restricted to the northern coastal areas — except for the once-ubiquitous pickled herring. Nowadays many seafish like fresh herring (also as rollmops), sardine, tuna, mackerel, and salmon have become well established throughout the country. Prior to the industrial revolution and the ensuing pollution of the rivers, however, salmon was so common in the rivers Rhine, Elbe, and Oder that servants complained about being served salmon too often. Fr ...

See also:

German cuisine, German cuisine - Eating Habits, German cuisine - Meat, German cuisine - Fish, German cuisine - Vegetables, German cuisine - Side Dishes, German cuisine - Drinks, German cuisine - Spices and condiments, German cuisine - Desserts, German cuisine - Bread, German cuisine - Brotchen/Semmel, German cuisine - Specialities by region, German cuisine - Baden, German cuisine - Bavaria Bayern, German cuisine - Bremen, German cuisine - Franconia Franken, German cuisine - Frankfurt am Main and Hessen, German cuisine - Hamburg, German cuisine - Palatinate Pfalz, German cuisine - Rhineland Rheinland, German cuisine - Saarland, German cuisine - Swabia Schwaben, German cuisine - Thuringia Thüringen, German cuisine - Other famous dishes, German cuisine - Foreign influences

Read more here: » German cuisine: Encyclopedia II - German cuisine - Fish

A wide variety of cakes and pies are prepared throughout the country, most commonly made with fresh fruit. Apples, plums, strawberries, and cherries are used regularly on cakes. Cheesecake is also very popular and almost always made with cream cheese. German doughnuts are usually balls of dough with jam or other fillings inside, and are known as Berliner, Pfannkuchen or Krapfen depending on the region. A popular dessert in northern Germany is "Rote Grütze", red fruit jelly, which is cooked from black and red curr ...

See also:

German cuisine, German cuisine - Eating Habits, German cuisine - Meat, German cuisine - Fish, German cuisine - Vegetables, German cuisine - Side Dishes, German cuisine - Drinks, German cuisine - Spices and condiments, German cuisine - Desserts, German cuisine - Bread, German cuisine - Brotchen/Semmel, German cuisine - Specialities by region, German cuisine - Baden, German cuisine - Bavaria Bayern, German cuisine - Bremen, German cuisine - Franconia Franken, German cuisine - Frankfurt am Main and Hessen, German cuisine - Hamburg, German cuisine - Palatinate Pfalz, German cuisine - Rhineland Rheinland, German cuisine - Saarland, German cuisine - Swabia Schwaben, German cuisine - Thuringia Thüringen, German cuisine - Other famous dishes, German cuisine - Foreign influences

Read more here: » German cuisine: Encyclopedia II - German cuisine - Desserts

German Army - Pre 1914. Following the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo the Prussian Kingdom had years of military successes in the 19th Century & 20th Century. Every able bodied man between the ages of 17 and 45 was liable for military service. There were 4 classes of service; Active (Aktiv), Reserve, Landwehr and Landsturm. The Landwehr and Landsturm were only called up at times of war. The basic unit of the army at this time was the Regiment. Regiments were typically raised and supported by a sp ...

See also:

German Army, German Army - History, German Army - Pre 1914, German Army - World War I 1914-1918, German Army - Reichswehr 1918-1935, German Army - Wehrmacht 1935-1945, German Army - Current Army, German Army - Structure, German Army - Combat Arms, German Army - Weapons, German Army - Combat vehicles, German Army - Artillery, German Army - Non-combat vehicles, German Army - Helicopters, German Army - Reference

Read more here: » German Army: Encyclopedia II - German Army - History

Note that divisions between subfamilies of Germanic are rarely precisely defined; most form continuous clines, with adjacent dialects being mutually intelligible and more separated ones not. Mentioned here are only the principal or unusual contemporary dialects; individual articles linked to below contain larger family trees. For example, many Low German dialects are discussed on Low German besides just Northern Low Saxon and Plautdietsch. Diachronic stages are listed in the main articles (such as Old English and Middle English, in th ...

See also:

Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Characteristics of some Germanic languages, Germanic languages - Writing, Germanic languages - Linguistic Markers, Germanic languages - History, Germanic languages - Classification, Germanic languages - Vocabulary comparison

Read more here: » Germanic languages: Encyclopedia II - Germanic languages - Classification

With regard to bread, German cuisine is more akin to Eastern than to Western Europe. The country boasts at least 300 different types of bread, ranging from white wheat bread to grey bread (Graubrot) and "black" (actually dark brown) rye bread (Schwarzbrot). Most types of bread contain both wheat and rye flour (hence Mischbrot, mixed bread), and often wholemeal and seeds (such as linseed, sunflower seed, or pumpkin seeds) as well. Pumpernickel, a Westphalian black bread, is not baked but steamed, and has a unique sweetish taste. ...

See also:

German cuisine, German cuisine - Eating Habits, German cuisine - Meat, German cuisine - Fish, German cuisine - Vegetables, German cuisine - Side Dishes, German cuisine - Drinks, German cuisine - Spices and condiments, German cuisine - Desserts, German cuisine - Bread, German cuisine - Brotchen/Semmel, German cuisine - Specialities by region, German cuisine - Baden, German cuisine - Bavaria Bayern, German cuisine - Bremen, German cuisine - Franconia Franken, German cuisine - Frankfurt am Main and Hessen, German cuisine - Hamburg, German cuisine - Palatinate Pfalz, German cuisine - Rhineland Rheinland, German cuisine - Saarland, German cuisine - Swabia Schwaben, German cuisine - Thuringia Thüringen, German cuisine - Other famous dishes, German cuisine - Foreign influences

Read more here: » German cuisine: Encyclopedia II - German cuisine - Bread

A wide variety of cakes and tarts are prepared throughout the country, most commonly made with fresh fruit. Apples, plums, strawberries, and cherries are used regularly on cakes. Cheesecake is also very popular and almost always made with quark. German doughnuts are usually balls of dough with jam or other fillings inside, and are known as Berliner, Pfannkuchen or Krapfen depending on the region. A popular dessert in northern Germany is "Rote Grütze", red fruit jelly, which is cooked from black and red currants, ...

See also:

German cuisine, German cuisine - Eating Habits, German cuisine - Meat, German cuisine - Fish, German cuisine - Vegetables, German cuisine - Side Dishes, German cuisine - Drinks, German cuisine - Spices and condiments, German cuisine - Desserts, German cuisine - Bread, German cuisine - Brötchen/Semmel, German cuisine - Specialities by region, German cuisine - Baden, German cuisine - Bavaria Bayern, German cuisine - Bremen, German cuisine - Franconia Franken, German cuisine - Frankfurt am Main and Hessen, German cuisine - Hamburg, German cuisine - Palatinate Pfalz, German cuisine - Rhineland Rheinland, German cuisine - Saarland, German cuisine - Swabia Schwaben, German cuisine - Thuringia Thüringen, German cuisine - Other famous dishes, German cuisine - Foreign influences

Read more here: » German cuisine: Encyclopedia II - German cuisine - Desserts

With regard to bread, German cuisine is more akin to Eastern than to Western Europe. The country boasts at least 300 different types of bread, ranging from white wheat bread to grey bread (Graubrot) and "black" (actually dark brown) rye bread (Schwarzbrot). Most types of bread contain both wheat and rye flour (hence Mischbrot, mixed bread), and often wholemeal and seeds (such as linseed, sunflower seed, or pumpkin seeds) as well. Pumpernickel, a Westphalian black bread, is not baked but steamed, and has a unique sweetish taste. G ...

See also:

German cuisine, German cuisine - Eating Habits, German cuisine - Meat, German cuisine - Fish, German cuisine - Vegetables, German cuisine - Side Dishes, German cuisine - Drinks, German cuisine - Spices and condiments, German cuisine - Desserts, German cuisine - Bread, German cuisine - Brötchen/Semmel, German cuisine - Specialities by region, German cuisine - Baden, German cuisine - Bavaria Bayern, German cuisine - Bremen, German cuisine - Franconia Franken, German cuisine - Frankfurt am Main and Hessen, German cuisine - Hamburg, German cuisine - Palatinate Pfalz, German cuisine - Rhineland Rheinland, German cuisine - Saarland, German cuisine - Swabia Schwaben, German cuisine - Thuringia Thüringen, German cuisine - Other famous dishes, German cuisine - Foreign influences

Read more here: » German cuisine: Encyclopedia II - German cuisine - Bread