Georges Cuvier

White tigers are tigers with pink noses and white to cream colored fur with black, grey or chocolate-colored stripes; their eyes are usually blue, but may be green or amber. There are around 600 white tigers in the world. Because this coloration is so striking, white tigers have become popular attractions in zoos and entertainment that showcases exotic animals; the magicians Siegfried and Roy are famous for using several trained white tigers in their shows. Contrary to popular belief, white tigers are not an endangered species in their own right, but are a sel ...

Including:

• White tiger - White Tigers in Captivity
• White tiger - Inbreeding Depression
• White tiger - Historical records

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The Collège de France is a higher education teaching and research establishment (Grand établissement) located in Paris, France. It was created in 1530 at the request of King Francis I of France. Of humanist inspiration, this school was established as an alternative to the Sorbonne to promote such disciplines as Hebrew language, Ancient Greek and Mathematics. Initially called Collège Royal, and later Collège des Trois Langues (Latin: Collegium Trilingue), Collège National, Collège Impérial, it was named Collège de France i ...

Including:

• Collège de France - Faculty
• Collège de France - External link

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Vertebrate paleontology seeks to discover the behavior, reproduction and appearance of extinct spined animals, through the study of their fossilized remains. It also tries to connect, on the evolutionary timeline, the animals of the past and their modern day relatives. The fossil record clearly shows the evolutionary progression from early aquatic vertebrates to mammals. The earliest known fossil vertebrates were heavily armored fish discovered in rocks from the Ordovician Period about 500 to 430 million years ago. (The phrase ...

Including:

• Vertebrate paleontology - Paleontological Vertebrate Classification

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  Andrias   Cryptobranchus The Giant Salamanders (Cryptobranchidae) are aquatic amphibians found in brooks and ponds in Japan, China and with a similar specimen in the United States. The Japanese Giant Salamander reaches five feet and feeds on fish and crustaceans. During mating season, these salamanders will travel upstream where, after the fertilization of the eggs, the male will guard them for at least six months. At this point, the offspring will li ...

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Canada - Mexico - South Africa - U.S. Rail Transport - Science - Sports Births - Deaths 1832 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). 1832 - Events. February 12 - Ecuador annexes the Galapagos Islands February 12 – Cholera breaks out in London, claiming at least 3000 victims. It spreads to France and North America later this year. April 6 - USA: The Black Hawk War begins. May 7 - The Treaty of London creates an independent Kin ...

Including:

• 1832 - Events
• 1832 - Births
• 1832 - Deaths

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A race is a population of humans distinguished from other populations. The most widely used racial categories are based on visible traits (especially skin color and facial features), genes, and self-identification. Conceptions of race, as well as specific racial groupings, vary by culture and time and are often controversial due to their impact on social identity and hence identity politics. Since the 1940s, evolutionary scientists have rejected the view of race according to which a number of finite lists of essential ch ...

Including:

• Race - Historical origins of race
• Race - History of the term
• Race - History of race research
• Race - 20th- and 21st-century debates over race
• Race - Scale of race research
• Race - Summary of different definitions of race
• Race - The origins patterns and physical manifestations of human genetic variation
• Race - Origins of modern humans
• Race - Distribution of variation
• Race - Substructure in the human population
• Race - Physical variation in humans
• Race - Social interpretation of physical variation
• Race - Incongruities of racial classifications
• Race - Ethnicity as a way of categorizing people
• Race - Ancestry as a way of categorizing people
• Race - Current disagreement across disciplines
• Race - Case studies in the social construction of race
• Race - Race in the United States
• Race - Race in Brazil
• Race - Practical uses of race
• Race - Race in politics and ethics
• Race - Race and intelligence
• Race - Race in biomedicine
• Race - Race in law enforcement
• Race - Footnotes

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Cryptozoology is the study of rumored animals that are presumed (at least by the researcher) to exist, but for which conclusive proof does not exist, or for animals which are generally considered extinct, but are occasionally reported. Those who study or search for such animals are called cryptozoologists, while the hypothetical creatures involved are referred to by some as "cryptids", a term coined by John Wall in 1983. Invention of the term (adding the Greek prefix kryptós, or "hidden" to zoology to mean ...

Including:

• Cryptozoology - Justifications for cryptozoology
• Cryptozoology - Criticism of cryptozoology
• Cryptozoology - Notable cryptids
• Cryptozoology - Primates and hominids
• Cryptozoology - Bipedal monsters
• Cryptozoology - Carnivorous mammals
• Cryptozoology - Herbivorous mammals
• Cryptozoology - Sea and lake monsters
• Cryptozoology - Reptiles
• Cryptozoology - Birds
• Cryptozoology - Marsupials
• Cryptozoology - Amphibians
• Cryptozoology - Others
• Cryptozoology - General terms for cryptids
• Cryptozoology - Bodies of water in which water monsters are said to live
• Cryptozoology - Lists of cryptids
• Cryptozoology - Sources

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William Buckland (12 March 1784 - 24 August 1856) was a prominent English geologist and palaeontologist who wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur, a proponent of Old Earth creationism and Flood geology who later became convinced by the glaciation theory of Louis Agassiz. William Buckland - Early life and university. Buckland was born at Axminster in Devon, and as a child would accompany his father, the Rector of Templeton and Trusham, on his walks where interest in road improvements led to colle ...

Including:

• William Buckland - Early life and university
• William Buckland - Flood geology
• William Buckland - Megalosaurus and marriage
• William Buckland - Bridgewater Treatise
• William Buckland - Glaciation theory
• William Buckland - External link

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August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. August 23 - Events. 1305 - William Wallace is executed. 1328 - Battle of Kassel: French troops stop an uprising of Flemish farmers 1328 - King Philip VI of France is crowned. 1541 - French explorer Jacques Cartier lands near Quebec City in his third voyage to Canada. 1566 - Calvinists are granted rights in the NetherlandsIncluding:

• August 23 - Events
• August 23 - Births
• August 23 - Deaths
• August 23 - Holidays and observances

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Catastrophism is the theory that Earth has been affected by sudden, short-lived, violent events that were sometimes worldwide in scope. The dominant paradigm of geology has been gradualism, but a more inclusive and integrated view of geologic events has developed. Before gradualism, the dominant belief in many cultures of the creation and development of the world was essentially catastrophism. The biblical story of the Great Flood is a prime example of these beliefs. Earth's history was viewed as the result of an accumulation o ...

Including:

• Catastrophism - Reference

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Augustin Pyrame de Candolle (February 4, 1778 - September 9, 1841) was a Swiss botanist. Candolle was born in Geneva. He was descended from one of the ancient families of Provence, whence his ancestors had been expatriated for their religion in the middle of the 16th century. Though a weakly boy he showed great aptitude for study, and distinguished himself at school by his rapid attainments in classical and general literature, and specially by a faculty for writing elegant verse. He began his scientific studies at the college o ...

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The first published name of an organism or group takes priority; later names for that organism or group are junior synonyms and are not considered valid. John Edward Gray published the name Antilocapra anteflexa in 1855 for a species of pronghorn, based on a pair of horns. However, it is now thought that his specimen was an unusual individual of the species Antilocapra americana published by George Ord in 1815. Ord's name thus takes priority, with Antilocapra anteflexa being a junior synonym.

The first scientific description of fish occurs in Aristotle, who mentions various facts about 118 species. Little additional work is known until the 1500s, when Guillaume Rondelet published his De Piscibus Marinum describing 244 species. During the 1600s, explorers found new types of fish; George Markgraf's Naturalis Brasilae added another 100 species, and in 1686 the Historia Piscium of John Ray and Franci ...

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Ichthyology, Ichthyology - History, Ichthyology - Journals, Ichthyology - Organizations, Ichthyology - Notable ichthyologists, Ichthyology - Reference, Ichthyology - External link

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In 1819-1820, Johann Baptist von Spix and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius were engaged in an expedition to Brazil, and on their return to Europe, amongst other collections of natural objects they brought home an important set of the fresh water fishes of Brazil, and especially of the Amazon River. Spix, who died in 1826, did not live long enough to work out the history of these fishes, and Agassiz (though fresh out of school) was selected by Martius for this purpose. He at once threw himself into the work with an enthusiasm which characte ...

See also:

Louis Agassiz, Louis Agassiz - Early life and education, Louis Agassiz - Early work, Louis Agassiz - Proposal of an ice age, Louis Agassiz - Relocation to the United States, Louis Agassiz - Legacies, Louis Agassiz - Works, Louis Agassiz - Reference

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The Scientific Revolution established science as the preeminent source for the growth of knowledge. During the 19th century, the practice of science became professionalized and institutionalized in ways which would continue through the 20th century, as the role of scientific knowledge grew and became incorporated with many aspects of the functioning of nation-states. History of science - Natural sciences. See also:

History of science, History of science - Theories and sociology of the history of science, History of science - Pre-experimental science, History of science - Early cultures, History of science - The Middle Ages, History of science - The Scientific Revolution, History of science - Modern science, History of science - Natural sciences, History of science - Social sciences, History of science - Emerging disciplines, History of science - Notes

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By this time Buckland was a prominent and influential scientific celebrity, and a friend of the Tory prime minister Sir Robert Peel. In co-operation with Adam Sedgwick and Charles Lyell he prepared the report leading to establishment of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. Having become interested in the theory of Louis Agassiz that polished and striated rocks as well as transported material had been caused by ancient glaciers, he travelled to Switzerland in 1838 to meet Agassiz and see for himself. He was convinced, and reminded o ...

See also:

William Buckland, William Buckland - Early life and university, William Buckland - Flood geology, William Buckland - Megalosaurus and marriage, William Buckland - Bridgewater Treatise, William Buckland - Glaciation theory, William Buckland - External link

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Following the Voyage of the Beagle, Charles Darwin had at his disposal a considerable collection of specimens and on 29 October 1836 he was introduced by Charles Lyell to Owen, who agreed to work on fossil bones collected in South America. Owen's subsequent revelations that extinct giant creatures were rodents and sloths showed that they were related to current species in the same locality, rather than being relatives of similarly sized creatures in Africa as Darwin had originally thought. Thi ...

See also:

Richard Owen, Richard Owen - Early life and career, Richard Owen - Work on invertebrates, Richard Owen - Work on fish reptiles and birds, Richard Owen - Work on mammals, Richard Owen - Owen and Darwin's theory of evolution, Richard Owen - Owen's legacy

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Race \Race\, n. [F. race; cf. Pr. & Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG. reiza line, akin to E. write. See Write.] 1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed. The whole race of mankind. --Shak. Whence the long race of Alban fathers come. -- Dryden. Note: Naturalists and ethnographers divide mankind into several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three, Pritchard en ...

See also:

Race historical definitions, Race historical definitions - From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary 1913

In scientific nomenclature, homonyms are scientific names that are identical in spelling but pertain to different organisms. The rule of zoological nomenclature is that the first name to be published is valid (the senior homonym); any others are junior homonyms and must be replaced with new names. For example, Georges Cuvier proposed the genus Echidna in 1797 for the spiny anteater. However, Johann Reinhold Forster had published the name Echidna in 1777 for a genus of moray eels. Forster's use thus has priority, with Cuvier's being a junior homonym; Johann Karl Wilhelm Illi ...

See also:

Homonym, Homonym - Homonyms in scientific nomenclature, Homonym - Quotation

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For clarity entries are listed by the name of the person associated with them, so Loop of Henle is listed under H not L. List of human anatomical parts named after people - A. Achilles' tendon – Achilles, Greek mythological character Adam's apple – Adam, Biblical character Alcock's canal (pudendal canal) Artery of Adamkiewicz Auerbach's plexus List of human anatomical parts named after people - B. Bachmann's bund ...

See also:

List of human anatomical parts named after people, List of human anatomical parts named after people - Alphabetical list, List of human anatomical parts named after people - A, List of human anatomical parts named after people - B, List of human anatomical parts named after people - C, List of human anatomical parts named after people - D, List of human anatomical parts named after people - E, List of human anatomical parts named after people - F, List of human anatomical parts named after people - G, List of human anatomical parts named after people - H, List of human anatomical parts named after people - K, List of human anatomical parts named after people - L, List of human anatomical parts named after people - M, List of human anatomical parts named after people - O, List of human anatomical parts named after people - P, List of human anatomical parts named after people - R, List of human anatomical parts named after people - S, List of human anatomical parts named after people - T, List of human anatomical parts named after people - V, List of human anatomical parts named after people - W, List of human anatomical parts named after people - External link

Read more here: » List of human anatomical parts named after people: Encyclopedia II - List of human anatomical parts named after people - Alphabetical list