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Genghis Khan
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Genghis Khan | | | |  Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - OverviewThe notion that the Mongol Empire was tremendously destructive should be viewed with caution. Historian R. J. Rummel estimated that 30 million people were killed during the reign of the Mongol Empire, and the population of China fell by half in fifty years of Mongol rule. However, it should be noted that most of the history which modern historians rely on was written by enemies of the Mongols. Thus, there is always a room for exaggeration. Nonetheless, as David Nicole points out in The Mongol Warlords, "terror and mass extermination of anyone oppos ...
See also:Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Overview, Mongol Empire - Formation, Mongol Empire - Major events in the Early Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Organization, Mongol Empire - Military setup, Mongol Empire - Law and governance, Mongol Empire - Trade networks, Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan, Mongol Empire - Disintegration, Mongol Empire - Silk Road, Mongol Empire - Legacy, Mongol Empire - Sources Read more here: » Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Overview |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Individual proponents
Meritocracy - Confucius.
"In teaching there should be no distinction of classes." - Analects XV. 39. tr. Legge
Many western admirers of Confucius, like Voltaire or H. G. Creel, have pointed out an innovative and revolutionary idea of Confucius': he replaced the nobility of blood with one of virtue. Jūnzǐ (君子), which had meant "noble man," slowly took on a new meaning in his sayings — something like the English "gentleman." A virtuous plebeian who cultivates his qualities could be a "g ...
See also:Meritocracy, Meritocracy - Origin of term, Meritocracy - Social Darwinism, Meritocracy - Individual proponents, Meritocracy - Confucius, Meritocracy - Han Feizi, Meritocracy - Genghis Khan, Meritocracy - Napoleon, Meritocracy - Meritocratic states, Meritocracy - Singapore, Meritocracy - Grand Duchy of Finland, Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization, Meritocracy - Western civilization: The Anglosphere and Western Europe Read more here: » Meritocracy: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Individual proponents |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Legacy The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in human history. The 12th and 13th century, when the empire came to power, is often called the "Age of the Mongols". The Mongol armies during that time were extremely well organized. The death toll (by battle, massacre, flooding, and famine) of the Mongol wars of conquest is placed at about 40 million according to some sources.
Non-military achievements of the Mongol Empire include the introduction of a writing system, based on the Uighur script, and the same is still used in Inner ...
See also:Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Overview, Mongol Empire - Formation, Mongol Empire - Major events in the Early Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Organization, Mongol Empire - Military setup, Mongol Empire - Law and governance, Mongol Empire - Trade networks, Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan, Mongol Empire - Disintegration, Mongol Empire - Silk Road, Mongol Empire - Legacy, Mongol Empire - Sources Read more here: » Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Legacy |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Silk Road The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1215 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk Road vis-à-vis Karakorum. With rare exceptions such as Marco Polo or Christian ambassadors such as William of Rubruck, few Europeans traveled the entire length of the silk road. Instead traders moved products much like a bucket brigade, with luxury goods being traded from one middleman to another, from China to the West, and resulting ...
See also:Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Overview, Mongol Empire - Formation, Mongol Empire - Major events in the Early Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Organization, Mongol Empire - Military setup, Mongol Empire - Law and governance, Mongol Empire - Trade networks, Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan, Mongol Empire - Disintegration, Mongol Empire - Silk Road, Mongol Empire - Legacy, Mongol Empire - Sources Read more here: » Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Silk Road |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Silk Road The Mongol expansion throughout the Asian continent from around 1215 to 1360 helped bring political stability and re-establish the Silk Road vis-à-vis Karakorum. With rare exceptions such as Marco Polo or Christian ambassadors such as William of Rubruck, few Europeans traveled the entire length of the Silk Road. Instead traders moved products much like a bucket brigade, with luxury goods being traded from one middleman to another, from China to the West, and resulting ...
See also:Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Overview, Mongol Empire - Formation, Mongol Empire - Major events in the Early Mongol Empire, Mongol Empire - Organization, Mongol Empire - Military setup, Mongol Empire - Law and governance, Mongol Empire - Trade networks, Mongol Empire - After Genghis Khan, Mongol Empire - Disintegration, Mongol Empire - Silk Road, Mongol Empire - Legacy, Mongol Empire - Sources Read more here: » Mongol Empire: Encyclopedia II - Mongol Empire - Silk Road |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mongols - Modern history In 1921, Outer Mongolia revolted with Russian support, forming modern Mongolia. A Communist government was formed in 1924. The USSR defended Mongolia from Japanese invasion. However, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, for reasons both practical and philosophical, enacted an often brutal if not entirely effective sweeping aside Mongolian tradition, working against the Buddhist religions, clan-ism, and script, and for collectivism (as opposed to the traditional nomadic lifestyle). Mongolia aligned itself with Russia after the Sino-Soviet split of 1958. In 1990 the Communist government was overthrown, and by 1992 Mongol ...
See also:Mongols, Mongols - History, Mongols - Genghis Khan, Mongols - Mongol Empire, Mongols - Ethnic cultural and religious diversity, Mongols - Military innovation, Mongols - Timeline of conquest, Mongols - Modern history Read more here: » Mongols: Encyclopedia II - Mongols - Modern history |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Military strategy - Development of military strategy
Military strategy - Early military strategy.
The principles of military strategy can be found as far back as 500 BC in the works of Sun Tzu and earlier in Spartan thinking. The campaigns of Alexander the Great, Hannibal, Julius Cæsar and Qin Shi Huang demonstrate strategic planning and movement. In 1520 Niccolò Machiavelli's Dell'arte della guerra (Art of War) dealt with the relationship between civil and military matters and the formation of the grand strategy. In the Thirty Years War, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden demonstrated advanced ...
See also:Military strategy, Military strategy - Fundamentals of military strategy, Military strategy - Principles of military strategy, Military strategy - Development of military strategy, Military strategy - Early military strategy, Military strategy - Genghis Khan and the Mongols, Military strategy - Napoleonic strategy, Military strategy - Strategy in the industrial age, Military strategy - Strategy in World War I, Military strategy - Strategy Development Between World Wars, Military strategy - Strategy in World War II, Military strategy - Cold War Strategy, Military strategy - Post Cold War Strategy, Military strategy - Military Strategy Research Centers, Military strategy - Military strategists Read more here: » Military strategy: Encyclopedia II - Military strategy - Development of military strategy |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Mongols - Timeline of conquest The Mongols attempted two unsuccessful invasions of Japan (see Mongol invasions of Japan). The first attempt ended in a retreat after the Battle of Bun'ei in 1274. The second attempt was cancelled after many ships had been destroyed by a famous typhoon, called kamikaze (divine wind) in 1281.
The Mongols succeeded very briefly in their invasion of Dai Viet in the northern part of contemporary Vietnam, but were soon defeated by the Vietnamese general Tran Hung Dao after almost three decades. The attack on the Javanese kingdom of Singhasari in 1293 caused the collapse of that state, but t ...
See also:Mongols, Mongols - History, Mongols - Genghis Khan, Mongols - Mongol Empire, Mongols - Ethnic cultural and religious diversity, Mongols - Military innovation, Mongols - Timeline of conquest, Mongols - Modern history Read more here: » Mongols: Encyclopedia II - Mongols - Timeline of conquest |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization
Meritocracy - Western civilization: The Anglosphere and Western Europe.
Western civilization as a whole is based largely on principles of meritocracy, the primary difference between the Anglosphere and Western Europe being that Anglophone countries focus on merit regardless of inherited advantages while Continental countries prefer to assess merit after giving roughly the same opportunities to everyone. The principles of equality under the law, the system of common law, the prevalence of the market system which r ...
See also:Meritocracy, Meritocracy - Origin of term, Meritocracy - Social Darwinism, Meritocracy - Individual proponents, Meritocracy - Confucius, Meritocracy - Han Feizi, Meritocracy - Genghis Khan, Meritocracy - Napoleon, Meritocracy - Meritocratic states, Meritocracy - Singapore, Meritocracy - Grand Duchy of Finland, Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization, Meritocracy - Western civilization: The Anglosphere and Western Europe Read more here: » Meritocracy: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Origin of term The term was first used, in a pejorative sense, in Michael Young's 1958 book Rise of the Meritocracy, which is set in a dystopian future in which one's social place is determined by IQ plus effort. In the book, this social system ultimately leads to a social revolution in which the masses overthrow the elite, who have become arrogant and disconnected from the feelings of the public.
Despite the negative origin of the word, there are many who believe that a meritocratic system is a good thing for society. Proponents of meritocra ...
See also:Meritocracy, Meritocracy - Origin of term, Meritocracy - Social Darwinism, Meritocracy - Individual proponents, Meritocracy - Confucius, Meritocracy - Han Feizi, Meritocracy - Genghis Khan, Meritocracy - Napoleon, Meritocracy - Meritocratic states, Meritocracy - Singapore, Meritocracy - Grand Duchy of Finland, Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization, Meritocracy - Western civilization: The Anglosphere and Western Europe Read more here: » Meritocracy: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Origin of term |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Meritocratic states
Meritocracy - Singapore.
Among modern nation-states, the Republic of Singapore perhaps aspires to be a pure Meritocracy, with its emphasis on identifying and grooming bright young citizens for positions of leadership. There is also a strong emphasis on academic credentials; these are seen as objective measures of both intelligence and effort, which in turn are arbitrarily determined by the ruling party of Singapore, the People's Action Party. It's unwillingness to tolerate political dissent casts some skepticism ...
See also:Meritocracy, Meritocracy - Origin of term, Meritocracy - Social Darwinism, Meritocracy - Individual proponents, Meritocracy - Confucius, Meritocracy - Han Feizi, Meritocracy - Genghis Khan, Meritocracy - Napoleon, Meritocracy - Meritocratic states, Meritocracy - Singapore, Meritocracy - Grand Duchy of Finland, Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization, Meritocracy - Western civilization: The Anglosphere and Western Europe Read more here: » Meritocracy: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Meritocratic states |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is a social theory which holds that Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is not only a model for the development of biological traits in a population, but can also be applied to human social institutions. Social Darwinisim was popular in the late 19th century to the end of World War II, although some have claimed that contemporary sociobiology could be classified as a form of Social Darwinism. Proponents of Social Darwinism often used the theory to justify social inequality as being meritocratic. Others used it ...
See also:Meritocracy, Meritocracy - Origin of term, Meritocracy - Social Darwinism, Meritocracy - Individual proponents, Meritocracy - Confucius, Meritocracy - Han Feizi, Meritocracy - Genghis Khan, Meritocracy - Napoleon, Meritocracy - Meritocratic states, Meritocracy - Singapore, Meritocracy - Grand Duchy of Finland, Meritocracy - Meritocratic civilization, Meritocracy - Western civilization: The Anglosphere and Western Europe Read more here: » Meritocracy: Encyclopedia II - Meritocracy - Social Darwinism |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Military strategy - Principles of military strategy Main article: Principles of military strategy
Many military strategists have attempted to encapsulate a successful strategy in a set of principles. Sun Tzu defined 13 principles in his The Art of War while Napoleon listed 115 maxims. American Civil War General Nathan Bedford Forrest required only one: "get there firstest with the mostest". The fundamental concepts common to most lists of principles are:
The Objective
Offense
Cooperation
Concentration (Mass)
Economy
Man ...
See also:Military strategy, Military strategy - Fundamentals of military strategy, Military strategy - Principles of military strategy, Military strategy - Development of military strategy, Military strategy - Early military strategy, Military strategy - Genghis Khan and the Mongols, Military strategy - Napoleonic strategy, Military strategy - Strategy in the industrial age, Military strategy - Strategy in World War I, Military strategy - Strategy Development Between World Wars, Military strategy - Strategy in World War II, Military strategy - Cold War Strategy, Military strategy - Post Cold War Strategy, Military strategy - Military Strategy Research Centers, Military strategy - Military strategists Read more here: » Military strategy: Encyclopedia II - Military strategy - Principles of military strategy |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan
Khan - Military ranks.
The title khan was also used as a military officer rank in certain armies, especially following the decimal organisation (already known from Achaemenid Persia) of Genghis Khan's conquering 'hordes' (actually under the strictest discipline). In some Muslim-states in India, especially the Delhi sultanate (which absorbed all under the Mughal dynasty), a Khan was a high-ranking imperial general, commanding at least a lac (i.e. 100.000) horseman, being placed over 10 Maliks, each of which ...
See also:Khan, Khan - Political Khans, Khan - Adil Khan, Khan - Military ranks, Khan - Nobiliar and Honorary titles, Khan - Derived titles, Khan - Lesser meanings, Khan - Modern family name, Khan - Fiction, Khan - Sources and References Read more here: » Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan
Khan - Military ranks.
The title khan was also used as a military officer rank in certain armies, especially following the decimal organisation (already known from Achaemenid Persia) of Genghis Khan's conquering 'hordes' (actually under the strictest discipline). In some Muslim-states in India, especially the Delhi sultanate (which absorbed all under the Mughal dynasty), a Khan was a high-ranking imperial general, commanding at least a lac (i.e. 100.000) horseman, being placed over 10 Maliks, each of which ...
See also:Khan, Khan - Political Khans, Khan - Adil Khan, Khan - Military ranks, Khan - Honorary titles, Khan - Derived title, Khan - Lesser meanings, Khan - Modern family name, Khan - Fiction, Khan - Sources and References Read more here: » Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Military strategy - Fundamentals of military strategy Strategy and tactics are closely related. Both deal with distance, time and force but strategy is large scale while tactics are small scale. Originally strategy was understood to govern the prelude to a battle while tactics controlled its execution. However, in the world wars of the 20th century, the distinction between manoeuvre and battle, strategy and tactics, became blurred. Tactics that were once the province of a company of cavalry would be applied to a panzer army.
In its purest form, strategy dealt solely with military issues. ...
See also:Military strategy, Military strategy - Fundamentals of military strategy, Military strategy - Principles of military strategy, Military strategy - Development of military strategy, Military strategy - Early military strategy, Military strategy - Genghis Khan and the Mongols, Military strategy - Napoleonic strategy, Military strategy - Strategy in the industrial age, Military strategy - Strategy in World War I, Military strategy - Strategy Development Between World Wars, Military strategy - Strategy in World War II, Military strategy - Cold War Strategy, Military strategy - Post Cold War Strategy, Military strategy - Military Strategy Research Centers, Military strategy - Military strategists Read more here: » Military strategy: Encyclopedia II - Military strategy - Fundamentals of military strategy |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Subutai - Early years Subutai was, and is, living proof that the Mongol Empire, more than any that had preceded it, was a meritocracy. An ethnic Tuvan, he was the son of Qaban reportedly in Mongolian history a mere blacksmith, who brought his son to serve Genghis Khan when he was circa 17 years old, and through merit, he rose to the very highest command available to one who was not of the direct line of Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan called him one of his "dogs of war" and he earned that fearful name with his campaigns, which remain among the most remarkable in history.
Subutai said to Genghis Khan "I will ward off your enemies like ...
See also:Subutai, Subutai - Early years, Subutai - Tactical ability, Subutai - Attack on central and eastern Europe Read more here: » Subutai: Encyclopedia II - Subutai - Early years |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genocides in history - Ancient/medieval genocides
Genocides in history - Biblical genocides.
A record of several alleged genocides is found in the Bible, although the perceived accuracy and import of the account related to the reader's opinion of the Bible as a whole. To name a few:
The sexual abuse and killing of the Israelites by the Egyptians.
The war and ensuing genocide waged against the Canaanite by the Israelites, in which God gives a commandment to never allow any Canaanite to remain alive.
The extermi ...
See also:Genocides in history, Genocides in history - Ancient/medieval genocides, Genocides in history - Biblical genocides, Genocides in history - Scythian slaughter of Cimmerians, Genocides in history - Roman Empire, Genocides in history - France, Genocides in history - Genghis Khan and his sons, Genocides in history - Islamic conquest of South Asia, Genocides in history - Genocides from 1500 to 1950, Genocides in history - The Americas, Genocides in history - Canada, Genocides in history - The Congo, Genocides in history - Croatia, Genocides in history - Germany, Genocides in history - German South-West Africa, Genocides in history - Paraguay, Genocides in history - Philippines, Genocides in history - The Commonwealth of Poland - Lithuania, Genocides in history - Turkey, Genocides in history - United States, Genocides in history - USSR, Genocides in history - Genocides from 1951 to 1990, Genocides in history - Algeria, Genocides in history - Australia, Genocides in history - Bangladesh Liberation War, Genocides in history - Cambodia, Genocides in history - Guatemala, Genocides in history - Iraq, Genocides in history - Kashmir and Jammu, Genocides in history - China & Tibet, Genocides in history - Genocides since 1991, Genocides in history - Bosnia, Genocides in history - Rwanda, Genocides in history - Sudan, Genocides in history - Notes Read more here: » Genocides in history: Encyclopedia II - Genocides in history - Ancient/medieval genocides |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Subutai - Early years Subutai was living proof that the Mongol Empire, more than any that had preceded it, was a meritocracy. An ethnic Tuvan, he was the son of Qaban reportedly in Mongolian history a mere blacksmith, who brought his son to serve Genghis Khan when he was circa 17 years old, and through merit, he rose to the very highest command available to one who was not of the direct line of Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan called him one of his "dogs of war" and he earned that fearful name with his campaigns, which remain among the most remarkable in history.
Subutai said to Genghis Khan "I will ward off your enemies like ...
See also:Subutai, Subutai - Early years, Subutai - Tactical ability, Subutai - Attack on central and eastern Europe Read more here: » Subutai: Encyclopedia II - Subutai - Early years |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Genocides in history - Genocides from 1951 to 1990 Universal acceptance of international laws, defining and forbidding genocide was achieved in 1948, with the promulgation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(CPPCG). The CPPCG was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 9 December 1948 and came into effect on 12 January 1951 (Resolution 260 (III)). After the minimum 20 countries became parties to the Convention, it came into force as international law on 12 January 1951. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council (UNSC) were parties to the tr ...
See also:Genocides in history, Genocides in history - Ancient/medieval genocides, Genocides in history - Biblical genocides, Genocides in history - Scythian slaughter of Cimmerians, Genocides in history - Roman Empire, Genocides in history - France, Genocides in history - Genghis Khan and his sons, Genocides in history - Islamic conquest of South Asia, Genocides in history - Genocides from 1500 to 1950, Genocides in history - The Americas, Genocides in history - Canada, Genocides in history - The Congo, Genocides in history - Croatia, Genocides in history - Germany, Genocides in history - German South-West Africa, Genocides in history - Paraguay, Genocides in history - Philippines, Genocides in history - The Commonwealth of Poland - Lithuania, Genocides in history - Turkey, Genocides in history - United States, Genocides in history - USSR, Genocides in history - Genocides from 1951 to 1990, Genocides in history - Algeria, Genocides in history - Australia, Genocides in history - Bangladesh Liberation War, Genocides in history - Cambodia, Genocides in history - Guatemala, Genocides in history - Iraq, Genocides in history - Kashmir and Jammu, Genocides in history - China & Tibet, Genocides in history - Genocides since 1991, Genocides in history - Bosnia, Genocides in history - Rwanda, Genocides in history - Sudan, Genocides in history - Notes Read more here: » Genocides in history: Encyclopedia II - Genocides in history - Genocides from 1951 to 1990 |
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| | | | | Genghis Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan
Khan - Military ranks.
The title khan was also used as a military officer rank in certain armies, especially following the decimal organisation (already known from Achaemenid Persia) of Genghis Khan's conquering 'hordes' (actually under the strictest discipline). In some Muslim-states in India, especially the Delhi sultanate (which absorbed all under the Mughal dynasty), a Khan was a high-ranking imperial general, commanding at least a lac (i.e. 100.000) horseman, being placed over 10 Maliks, each of which ...
See also:Khan, Khan - Political Khans, Khan - Adil Khan, Khan - Military ranks, Khan - Nobiliar and Honorary titles, Khan - Derived titles, Khan - Lesser meanings, Khan - Modern family name or pseudonym, Khan - Indian filmstars, Khan - Other celebrities, Khan - Fiction, Khan - Sources and References Read more here: » Khan: Encyclopedia II - Khan - Adil Khan |
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