The Bund can refer to: The Bund, a famous waterfront area in Shanghai, China The Bund (TV series), produced by TVB General Jewish Labor Union, initially founded in the Russian Empire German-American Bund, a pro-Nazi pre-World War II organisation BUND (environmental association), Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e. V., the German section of Friends of the Earth International Bundeswehr, Der Bund, colloquial for the army of Germany

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Zionism is a political movement and an ideology that supports a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, where the Jewish nation originated and where Jewish kingdoms and self-governing states existed at various times in history. While Zionism is based heavily upon religious tradition linking the Jewish people to the Land of Israel, the modern movement was originally secular, beginning largely as a response to ram ...

Including:

• Zionism - Establishment of the Zionist movement
• Zionism - Zionist initiatives
• Zionism - Jewish reaction to Zionism
• Zionism - Zionism and the Arab Muslims
• Zionism - The struggle for Palestine
• Zionism - Zionism and Israel
• Zionism - Anti-Zionism and post-Zionism
• Zionism - Non-Jewish Zionism
• Zionism - Relevant articles
• Zionism - Types of Zionism
• Zionism - Zionist institutes and organization
• Zionism - History of Zionism and Israel
• Zionism - Notes

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Anti-Zionism is a term used to describe several different political and religious points of view. Anti-Zionist positions have in common some form of opposition to Zionism, but their diversity in terms of motivation and expression is so great that anti-Zionism cannot be seen as a single phenomenon. This article examines opposition to Zionism both historically and as it currently exists. Zionism is variously defined as a Jewish national liberation movement that holds that a Jewish nation has existed for thousands of ...

Including:

• Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions
• Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism
• Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism
• Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

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Since Jews were excluded outsiders throughout Europe, they were mostly shut out of politics or any sort of participation in the wider political and social sphere of the nations in which they were involved until the Enlightenment, and its Jewish counterpart, Haskalah, made popular movements possible. As long as the Jews lived in segregated communities, and as long as all avenues of social intercourse with their gentile neighbors were closed to them, the rabbi was the most influential member of the Jewish community. In addition to being a reli ...

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Jewish political movements, Jewish political movements - The Birth of Jewish political movements, Jewish political movements - Emancipation movements, Jewish political movements - Socialist and Labor movements, Jewish political movements - Zionist movements, Jewish political movements - The Folkists, Jewish political movements - Modern Jewish political movements, Jewish political movements - In Israel, Jewish political movements - Outside of Israel

Read more here: » Jewish political movements: Encyclopedia II - Jewish political movements - The Birth of Jewish political movements

Pogrom - In Tsarist Russia. Massive violent attacks against Jews date back at least to the Crusades or earlier (see York Castle), but the term pogrom as a reference to large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting only saw use beginning in the 19th century. The first pogrom of this sort is often considered to be the 1821 anti-Jewish riots in Odessa after the death of the Greek Orthodox patriarch in Constantinople, in which 14 Jews were killed.^{See also:}

Pogrom, Pogrom - Pogroms against the Jews, Pogrom - In Tsarist Russia, Pogrom - During the Russian Revolution, Pogrom - Outside of Russia, Pogrom - During the Holocaust, Pogrom - Influence of pogroms, Pogrom - Modern usage, Pogrom - Footnotes

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Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for crisps for independence in 1918, some joining Józef Pilsudski, but many other communities decided to remain neutral in the fight for a Polish state. In the wake of the World War I and the ensuing series of conflicts that engulfed Eastern Europe like the Russian Civil War, Polish-Ukrainian War, Polish-Soviet War, many pogroms were launched against the Jews by all sides. As a sign ...

See also:

Jewish Polish history during the 1900s, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Interwar period 1918-1939, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Independence and Polish Jews, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Jewish and Polish culture, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Rising Anti-Semitism, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939-1945, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - The Polish September campaign, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Soviet-Occupied Poland, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Communist rule: 1945-1989, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Post-war, Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - From 1967-1989

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In some places where there have been relatively high concentrations of Jews, distinct secular Jewish subcultures have arisen. For example, ethnic Jews formed an enormous proportion of the literary and artistic life of Vienna, Austria at the end of the 19th century, or of New York City 50 years later (and Los Angeles in the mid-late 20th century), and for the most part these were not particularly religious people. In general, however, Jewish artist ...

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Secular Jewish culture, Secular Jewish culture - Origins of secular Jewish culture, Secular Jewish culture - Languages, Secular Jewish culture - Politics and morals, Secular Jewish culture - Jewish professions, Secular Jewish culture - Banking & finance, Secular Jewish culture - Medicine science and academia, Secular Jewish culture - Literary and artistic culture, Secular Jewish culture - Literature, Secular Jewish culture - Theatre, Secular Jewish culture - Film, Secular Jewish culture - Radio and Television, Secular Jewish culture - Music, Secular Jewish culture - Dance, Secular Jewish culture - Humor, Secular Jewish culture - Visual arts, Secular Jewish culture - Food

Read more here: » Secular Jewish culture: Encyclopedia II - Secular Jewish culture - Literary and artistic culture

History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. Main article: History of Poland (966-1385) The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century. Travelling along the trade routes leading eastwards to Kiev and Bukhara, the Jewish merchants also crossed the areas of Silesia. One of them, a diplomat and merchant from the Moorish town of Tortosa in Al-Andalus, known under his Arabic name of Ibrahim ibn Jakub, was the first chronicler to mention the Polish ...

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History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572

Before the 1930s the majority of the world's Jews who were in a position to express an opinion could loosely be considered anti-Zionist, in the sense that they did not actively support the Zionist project for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine or elsewhere. Nevertheless, the use of the expression "anti-Zionism" to describe their attitudes needs to be heavily qualified. In the 19th and early 20th century, for example, Reform Jews of Germany used the word "Zionism" to refer to a political and social movement which encouraged th ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism

In some places where there have been relatively high concentrations of Jews, distinct secular Jewish subcultures have arisen. For example, ethnic Jews formed an enormous proportion of the literary and artistic life of Vienna, Austria at the end of the 19th century, or of New York City 50 years later (and Los Angeles in the mid-late 20th century), and for the most part these were not particularly religious people. In general, however, Jewish artistic culture in various periods reflected the culture in which they lived ...

See also:

Secular Jewish culture, Secular Jewish culture - How secular Jewish culture came to be, Secular Jewish culture - Politics and morals, Secular Jewish culture - Jewish professions, Secular Jewish culture - Banking & finance, Secular Jewish culture - Medicine science and academia, Secular Jewish culture - Literary and artistic culture, Secular Jewish culture - Literature, Secular Jewish culture - Theatre, Secular Jewish culture - Film, Secular Jewish culture - Comic books, Secular Jewish culture - Television, Secular Jewish culture - Music, Secular Jewish culture - Dance, Secular Jewish culture - Humor, Secular Jewish culture - Food

Read more here: » Secular Jewish culture: Encyclopedia II - Secular Jewish culture - Literary and artistic culture

History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century. Travelling along the trade routes leading eastwards to Kiev and Bukhara, the Jewish merchants also crossed the areas of Silesia. One of them, a diplomat and merchant from the Moorish town of Tortosa in Al-Andalus, known under his Arabic name of Ibrahim ibn Jakub, was the first chronicler to mention the Polish state under the rule of prince Mieszko I. The first actual mention of ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572

Before the 1930s the majority of the world's Jews who were in a position to express an opinion could loosely be considered anti-Zionist, in the sense that they did not actively support the Zionist project for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine or elsewhere. Nevertheless, the use of the expression "anti-Zionism" to describe their attitudes needs to be heavily qualified. In the 19th and early 20th century, for example, Reform Jews of Germany used the word "Zionism" to refer to a political and social movement which encouraged th ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism

Land of Israel Districts · Cities · Transportation Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria Jerusalem · Tel Aviv · Haifa Zionism · Timeline ·Aliyah · Herzl Balfour · Mandate · 1947 UN Plan Independence · Austerity · Ma'abarot Lavon Affair · Eichmann Trial 1948 War · 1949 Armistice · Suez War Six-Day War · Attrition War Yom Kippur War · Lebanon War Peace treaties with: Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan Timeline · Peace process · Peace camp 1s ...

See also:

Zionism, Zionism - Establishment of the Zionist movement, Zionism - Zionist initiatives, Zionism - Jewish reaction to Zionism, Zionism - Zionism and the Arab Muslims, Zionism - The struggle for Palestine, Zionism - Zionism and Israel, Zionism - Anti-Zionism and post-Zionism, Zionism - Non-Jewish Zionism, Zionism - Relevant articles, Zionism - Types of Zionism, Zionism - Zionist institutes and organization, Zionism - History of Zionism and Israel, Zionism - Notes

Read more here: » Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Zionism - Establishment of the Zionist movement

In addition to a conventional definition of anti-Semitism ("hostility toward Jews as a religious or racial minority group, often accompanied by social, political or economic discrimination"), the unabridged edition of Webster's Third New International Dictionary, originally published in 1961 and reprinted in 2002, gives a controversial second and third definition to anti-Semitism, defining the word as "opposition to Zionism" and "sympathy for the opponents of Israel". (The modern college editions based on Webster's Third all omit the second definition of "anti-Semitism.") The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Anti-Zionism is often characterized by opposition to the existence of the State of Israel as a Jewish state, for instance those who advocate a bi-national state comprising the current State of Israel and the territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, in which both Jews and Palestinians would be citizens with equal rights or those who advocate a one state solution with equal rights. Opposition to the policies of the current Israeli government, or advocacy of an Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism

Political Zionism has encountered opposition ever since it was first articulated in the 19th century. It is therefore possible to speak of a history of anti-Zionism reaching back for more than a century. That history, however, embraces several different phenomena. Muslim anti-Zionism opposes the state of Israel as an intrusion into their domain. Some anti-Zionists, including many Palestinian and other Arab or Islamic militant groups, as well as the government of Iran, insist that the State of Israel is illegitimate and refuse to refer ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism

Much of Arab Muslim society rejects the notion that Jews, as a historically subjugated minority, could be integrated into Muslim society outside of a dhimmi status. Unlike the Jewish emancipation as a product of the Age of Enlightenment in Christendom, Arab Muslim society fought to maintain Jews traditional role in their societies. Furthermore, the notion of Jewish self-rule was a complete anathema to ...

See also:

Zionism, Zionism - Establishment of the Zionist movement, Zionism - Zionist initiatives, Zionism - Jewish reaction to Zionism, Zionism - Zionism and the Arab Muslims, Zionism - The struggle for Palestine, Zionism - Zionism and Israel, Zionism - Anti-Zionism and post-Zionism, Zionism - Non-Jewish Zionism, Zionism - Relevant articles, Zionism - Types of Zionism, Zionism - Zionist institutes and organization, Zionism - History of Zionism and Israel, Zionism - Notes

Read more here: » Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Zionism - Zionism and the Arab Muslims

At the time when the Zionist settlement of Palestine began, most of the Arab world was under the control either of the Ottoman Empire or of one or other of the European colonial powers. There was thus no official voice for the Arab peoples. Towards the beginning of Zionist settlement in Palestine in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a few Arabs were willing to consider alliance with the Zionist movement; for instance, Emir Faisal, the son of Sharif Hussein of Mecca, who helped lead the Arab nationalist revolt against th ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism

Among other world firsts, Bolsheviks should be credited with the world first massive Anti-Zionist act. Immediately after October Revolution Bolsheviks issued several “decrees” outlining their view on future Communist society: the Decree on Peace declaring immediate peace with Germany, the Decree on Power giving all authority to local and central Assemblies of Workers and Soldiers, and the Decree on Nationalities declaring all nationalities equal. They ware accompanied by specific instructions. The instruction to the Decree on Nationaliti ...

See also:

Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Defining anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism dictionary definitions, Anti-Zionism - Types of anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Jewish anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Arab anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Islamist anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Western anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Soviet anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - International anti-Zionism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Anti-Zionism - Anti-Zionism and Post-Zionism

Read more here: » Anti-Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-Zionism

With the defeat and dismantlement of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, and the establishment of the British Mandate over Palestine by the League of Nations in 1922, the Zionist movement entered a new phase of activity. Its priorities were the escalation of Jewish settlement in Palestine, the building of the institutional foundations of a Jewish state, raising funds for these purposes, and persuading — or forcing — the British authorities not to take any steps which would lead to Palestine moving towards independence as an Arab-majority state. ...

See also:

Zionism, Zionism - Establishment of the Zionist movement, Zionism - Zionist initiatives, Zionism - Jewish reaction to Zionism, Zionism - Zionism and the Arab Muslims, Zionism - The struggle for Palestine, Zionism - Zionism and Israel, Zionism - Anti-Zionism and post-Zionism, Zionism - Non-Jewish Zionism, Zionism - Relevant articles, Zionism - Types of Zionism, Zionism - Zionist institutes and organization, Zionism - History of Zionism and Israel, Zionism - Notes

Read more here: » Zionism: Encyclopedia II - Zionism - The struggle for Palestine