General Government

It is difficult to asses the overall impact of Home Army's intelligence work with regard to V-1 and V-2 on WW2. On one hand, the allies never developed successful counter defenses against the V-2 rockets. Hence, while the early capture of a rocket by AK was quite a feat in pure intelligence terms, it did not necessarily translate into significant results on the ground. The German development of the weapon simply took too long for it to have any impact on the course of the war. On the other hand, the AK did alert the British as to the dangers ...

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Home Army and V1 and V2, Home Army and V1 and V2 - Early reports, Home Army and V1 and V2 - Bombing raid on Peenemunde, Home Army and V1 and V2 - Capture of a V-2 rocket, Home Army and V1 and V2 - Impact on the course of the war

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After World War II, the Soviet Union became a world superpower with its leader Joseph Stalin. This resulted in a great rivalry between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R., the Cold War. The U.S. and the U.S.S.R., communism and capitalism fought for influence and power over the world and in this struggle, numerous revolutions happened around the world, in countries as diverse as Cuba, China, Korea, Vietnam and Laos. History of communis ...

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History of communism, History of communism - Early Communism, History of communism - Karl Marx and The Communist Manifesto, History of communism - The October Revolution, History of communism - The Stalin Era, History of communism - The Cold War, History of communism - Eastern Europe, History of communism - China, History of communism - North Korea, History of communism - Cuba, History of communism - Vietnam, History of communism - Laos, History of communism - Ethiopia, History of communism - South Yemen, History of communism - Angola, History of communism - The collapse of the Soviet Union, History of communism - Communism Today

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On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher to form a viable government failed. Hindenberg was put under pressure by Hitler through his son Oskar, as well as intrigue from former Chancellor Franz von Papen following his collection of participating financial interests. Even though the Nazi Party had gained the largest share of the popular vote in the two Reichstag general elections of 1932, they had slim majority in parliament within the Papen-propos ...

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Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Chronology of events, Nazi Germany - Pre-War Politics 1933-1939, Nazi Germany - Consolidation of power, Nazi Germany - Social policy, Nazi Germany - Economic policy, Nazi Germany - World War II, Nazi Germany - Aftermath, Nazi Germany - Organization of the Third Reich, Nazi Germany - Head of State and Chief Executive, Nazi Germany - Cabinet and national authorities, Nazi Germany - Reich Offices, Nazi Germany - Reich Ministries, Nazi Germany - Occupation authorities, Nazi Germany - Legislative Branch, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Paramilitary organisations, Nazi Germany - National police, Nazi Germany - Political organizations, Nazi Germany - Service organizations, Nazi Germany - Religious organisations, Nazi Germany - Academic organizations, Nazi Germany - Prominent persons in Nazi Germany, Nazi Germany - Nazi Party and Nazi government leaders and officials, Nazi Germany - SS personnel, Nazi Germany - Military, Nazi Germany - Other, Nazi Germany - Noted victims, Nazi Germany - Noted refugees, Nazi Germany - Noted survivors

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Nazi racial policy changed extensively in the years between 1933 and 1939. The Nazi Party became increasingly extreme in its treatment of the minorities of Germany, particularly Jews. Between 1933 and 1934, Nazi policy was fairly moderate, not wishing to scare off voters or moderately-minded politicians. Jews had been disliked for years before, and the Nazi Party used this anger to gain votes. They blamed poverty, unemployment, and the loss of World War I all on the Jews. German woes were largely due to the effects of the Treaty of Ve ...

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Racial policy of Nazi Germany, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - 1933 to 1939, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - The Nuremberg Laws, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - Jewish response to the Nuremberg Laws, Racial policy of Nazi Germany - 1939 to 1945

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Kraków - Medieval. The earliest known settlement on the present site of Kraków was established on Wawel hill, and dates back to the 4th century. Legend attributes the town's establishment to the mythical ruler Krak, who built it above a cave occupied by a ravenous dragon. Before the Polish state existed, Kraków was the capital of the tribe of Vistulians, probably linked to the larger polity of Greater Moravia. Kraków's first appearance in historical records dates back to the 8th century, and notes that ...

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Kraków, Kraków - Modern landmarks, Kraków - Historic districts, Kraków - Administrative districts, Kraków - History, Kraków - Medieval, Kraków - Renaissance, Kraków - Decline, Kraków - After the partition of Poland, Kraków - 20th century, Kraków - Politics, Kraków - Kraków constituency, Kraków - Education, Kraków - Culture, Kraków - Kraków by Night, Kraków - Sports, Kraków - Sons and daughters of the city

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List of operations and projects military and non-military - World War I. Albion (1917) — German capture of Oesel, Dago and Moon Islands (now Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Muhu) Kaiserschlacht ('Kaiser's battle') (1918) — German Spring offensive using armies released from the Eastern Front. Blucher-Yorck (1918) — Gneisenau (1918) — Georgette (1918) — Michael (1918) — Strafexpedition< ...

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List of operations and projects military and non-military, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Operations, List of operations and projects military and non-military - World War I, List of operations and projects military and non-military - World War II, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Cold War Era, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Post-Cold War, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Other/Unknown, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Law Enforcement, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Other, List of operations and projects military and non-military - Non-military operations

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The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archelogical finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek. It is likely that the surrounding hills, notably the site of the present day Old Town, were also settled at around this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of ...

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Lublin, Lublin - History, Lublin - Economy, Lublin - Education, Lublin - Sports, Lublin - Famous people, Lublin - Politics, Lublin - Lublin constituency

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An ambitious bureaucrat named Franz Rademacher, recently appointed leader of the Judenreferat III der Abteilung Deutschland, or Jewish Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, set the plan in motion on June 3, 1940 with a memorandum to his superior Martin Luther. The memorandum included a definition of the mechanics of Jewish evacuation out of Europe. Rademacher espoused the division of eastern and western Jews. The eastern Jews, he felt, were the source of the "militant Jewish intellgentsia", and should be kept close at hand in ...

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Madagascar Plan, Madagascar Plan - Origins of the Plan, Madagascar Plan - Planning Begins, Madagascar Plan - Logistics, Madagascar Plan - Collapse of the Plan, Madagascar Plan - Reference

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Today the title Governor-General is used in countries which recognise Queen Elizabeth II as the titular head of state, or sovereign, excluding the United Kingdom. In its modern usage, the term Governor-General originated in those British colonies which became self-governing Dominions of the British Empire (examples are Australia, Canada and New Zealand). With the exception of New Zealand, each of these individual colonies already had a Governor, and the Queen's representative to the federated Dominion was therefore given the superior ...

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Governor-General, Governor-General - Commonwealth usage, Governor-General - Appointment, Governor-General - Other attributes, Governor-General - Netherlands, Governor-General - Other Western usages, Governor-General - Other Colonial usages, Governor-General - Oriental equivalents, Governor-General - Other equivalents

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Polish September Campaign - Plans. The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General Franz Halder, chief of the general staff, and directed by General Walther von Brauchitsch, the commander in chief of the upcoming campaign. The plan called for the start of hostilities before the declaration of war and to pursue the doctrine of lightning war, later known as blitzkrieg. The novel concept of blitzkrieg called for German tanks (panzers) to attac ...

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Polish September Campaign, Polish September Campaign - Opposing forces, Polish September Campaign - Germany, Polish September Campaign - Soviet Union, Polish September Campaign - Poland, Polish September Campaign - Order of battle, Polish September Campaign - Prelude to the campaign, Polish September Campaign - Details of the campaign, Polish September Campaign - Plans, Polish September Campaign - Phase 1: German aggression, Polish September Campaign - Phase 2: Soviet aggression, Polish September Campaign - Civilian losses, Polish September Campaign - Aftermath, Polish September Campaign - Notes

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Most accounts of the Holocaust recognise six extermination camps, all located in occupied Poland. These were: Auschwitz II (Auschwitz-Birkenau) (Auschwitz I was a concentration camp and Auschwitz III a labor camp) Belzec Chelmno (German: Kulmhof an der Nehr, Polish: Chelmno nad Nerem) Majdanek Sobibór Treblinka Of these, Auschwitz II and Chelmno were located within areas of western Poland annexed by Germany - the other ...

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Nazi extermination camp, Nazi extermination camp - Terminology, Nazi extermination camp - The Camps, Nazi extermination camp - Operation of the camps, Nazi extermination camp - Post War, Nazi extermination camp - Holocaust denial

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Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland. Main articles: Red Ruthenia and Halych-Volhynia The region of what later became known as Galicia appears to have been incorporated, in large part, into the Empire of Great Moravia. It is first attested in the Primary Chronicle under 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took over the Red Ruthenian cities i ...

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Galicia Central Europe, Galicia Central Europe - Origin and variations of the name, Galicia Central Europe - Galicia and Lodomeria in different languages, Galicia Central Europe - History, Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland, Galicia Central Europe - From partitions of Poland to the Congress of Vienna, Galicia Central Europe - From 1815 to 1860, Galicia Central Europe - Constitutional experiments, Galicia Central Europe - Galician autonomy, Galicia Central Europe - The Great Economic Emigration, Galicia Central Europe - First World War and Polish-Ukrainian conflict, Galicia Central Europe - Second World War and Distrikt Galizien, Galicia Central Europe - Legacy, Galicia Central Europe - Economy, Galicia Central Europe - Major cities and towns, Galicia Central Europe - Personalities from Galicia, Galicia Central Europe - External link

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Częstochowa - 1200s-1500s. The village of Częstochowa was founded in 11th century. It is first mentioned as a village in historical documents from 1220. In 1382 the Paulist monastery of Jasna Góra was founded. Two years later the monastery received its famous Black Madonna icon of the Virgin Mary and in subsequent years became a center of pilgrimage, contributing to the growth of the adjacent town. Before 1377 Częstochowa received a town charter, which was later changed to the Magdeburg Law in 1502. See also:

Częstochowa, Częstochowa - City name, Częstochowa - History, Częstochowa - 1200s-1500s, Częstochowa - 1600s-1700s, Częstochowa - 1800s, Częstochowa - 1900s, Częstochowa - Tourism, Częstochowa - Education, Częstochowa - Sports, Częstochowa - Politics, Częstochowa - Częstochowa constituency

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National Socialist German Workers Party - Origins. In the beginning of 1918, a party called the Freier Ausschuss für einen deutschen Arbeiterfrieden (Free Committee for a German Workers' Peace) was created in Bremen, Germany. (6) Anton Drexler, locksmith and poet, formed a branch of this league on March 7, 1918, in Munich. In 1919, Drexler, with Gottfried Feder, Dietrich Eckart and Karl Harrer, changed its name to the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (German Workers' Party, abbreviated DAP< ...

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National Socialist German Workers Party, National Socialist German Workers Party - Party history, National Socialist German Workers Party - Origins, National Socialist German Workers Party - Struggle for power, National Socialist German Workers Party - Reborn Nazi Party, National Socialist German Workers Party - Seizure of Power, National Socialist German Workers Party - Consolidation of power, National Socialist German Workers Party - Post World War II Nazi Party, National Socialist German Workers Party - Nazi Party Structure, National Socialist German Workers Party - 1921 – 1923, National Socialist German Workers Party - 1925 – 1933, National Socialist German Workers Party - 1933 – 1938, National Socialist German Workers Party - 1938 – 1939, National Socialist German Workers Party - 1939 – 1945, National Socialist German Workers Party - Party composition, National Socialist German Workers Party - General membership, National Socialist German Workers Party - Military membership, National Socialist German Workers Party - Paramilitary groups, National Socialist German Workers Party - Party symbols, National Socialist German Workers Party - Sayings mottos and slogans, National Socialist German Workers Party - Election statistics

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Persecution of the Jewish population of Kraków began soon after the Nazis occupied the city in September 1939 during the Polish September Campaign. Jews were obliged to take part in forced labour (September 1939); in November 1939 all Jews 12 years or older were required to wear identifying armbands; throughout Kraków, synagogues were ordered closed and all their relics and valuables turned over to the Nazi authorities. By May 1940, the German occupation authority announced that Kraków should become the "cleanest" city in the Gener ...

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Kraków Ghetto, Kraków Ghetto - Overview, Kraków Ghetto - Notable persons

Read more here: » Kraków Ghetto: Encyclopedia II - Kraków Ghetto - Overview

During the 1976-1983 military dictatorship, there were about 100 places that served as concentration camps in the Nazi sense, death camps. They were secret detention centres rather than actual camps; a list is to be found in the report cited below. The peak years were 1976-78. Nearly 9,000 people are definitely known to have been killed: see the authoritative 1984 CONADEP (Argentine National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons) Report. It states that "We have reason to believe that the true figure is much higher". A figure of 30,000 is often quoted. Many details ...

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Concentration camp, Concentration camp - The British, Concentration camp - The United States, Concentration camp - Canada, Concentration camp - Austria-Hungary, Concentration camp - Germany, Concentration camp - Fascist Italy, Concentration camp - Ustaša regime in Croatia, Concentration camp - Cambodia, Concentration camp - Serbia, Concentration camp - Russia and the Soviet Union, Concentration camp - People's Republic of China, Concentration camp - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Concentration camp - North Korea, Concentration camp - Headline text, Concentration camp - Sweden, Concentration camp - Finland, Concentration camp - France, Concentration camp - Chile, Concentration camp - Argentina, Concentration camp - External links, Concentration camp - Netherlands, Concentration camp - Notes

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Concentration camps in the People's Republic of China are called Laogai, which means "reform through labor". The communist-era camps began at least in the 1960s and were filled with anyone who had said anything critical of the government, or often just random people grabbed from their homes to fill quotas. The entire society was organized into small groups in which loyalty to the government was enforced, so that anyone with dissident viewpoints was easily identifiable for enslavement. The ...

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Concentration camp, Concentration camp - The British, Concentration camp - The United States, Concentration camp - Canada, Concentration camp - Austria-Hungary, Concentration camp - Germany, Concentration camp - Fascist Italy, Concentration camp - Ustaša regime in Croatia, Concentration camp - Cambodia, Concentration camp - Serbia, Concentration camp - Russia and the Soviet Union, Concentration camp - People's Republic of China, Concentration camp - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Concentration camp - North Korea, Concentration camp - Headline text, Concentration camp - Sweden, Concentration camp - Finland, Concentration camp - France, Concentration camp - Chile, Concentration camp - Argentina, Concentration camp - External links, Concentration camp - Netherlands, Concentration camp - Notes

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In Imperial Russia, labor camps were known under the name katorga. In the Soviet Union, concentration camps were called simply camps, almost always plural ("lagerya"). These were used as forced labor camps, and were often filled with political prisoners. After Alexander Solzhenitsyn's book they have become known to the rest of the world as Gulags, after the branch of NKVD (state security service) that managed them. (In the Russian language, the term is used to denote the whole ...

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Concentration camp, Concentration camp - The British, Concentration camp - The United States, Concentration camp - Canada, Concentration camp - Austria-Hungary, Concentration camp - Germany, Concentration camp - Fascist Italy, Concentration camp - Ustaša regime in Croatia, Concentration camp - Cambodia, Concentration camp - Serbia, Concentration camp - Russia and the Soviet Union, Concentration camp - People's Republic of China, Concentration camp - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Concentration camp - North Korea, Concentration camp - Headline text, Concentration camp - Sweden, Concentration camp - Finland, Concentration camp - France, Concentration camp - Chile, Concentration camp - Argentina, Concentration camp - External links, Concentration camp - Netherlands, Concentration camp - Notes

Read more here: » Concentration camp: Encyclopedia II - Concentration camp - Russia and the Soviet Union

About seven or eight internment camps were used in Sweden during World War II, under the neutral government. The most famous is probably Storsien outside Kalix in Norrbotten where about 300-370 communists, syndicalists and pacifists were kept during the winter 1939-1940. Naartijärvi south of Luleå, Öxnered at Vänersborg, Grytan outside Östersund and a boat for sailors outside Dalarö. Vindeln: constructed in Västerbotten in 1943 Stensele: constructed in Västerbotten in 194 ...

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Concentration camp, Concentration camp - The British, Concentration camp - The United States, Concentration camp - Canada, Concentration camp - Austria-Hungary, Concentration camp - Germany, Concentration camp - Fascist Italy, Concentration camp - Ustaša regime in Croatia, Concentration camp - Cambodia, Concentration camp - Serbia, Concentration camp - Russia and the Soviet Union, Concentration camp - People's Republic of China, Concentration camp - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Concentration camp - North Korea, Concentration camp - Headline text, Concentration camp - Sweden, Concentration camp - Finland, Concentration camp - France, Concentration camp - Chile, Concentration camp - Argentina, Concentration camp - External links, Concentration camp - Netherlands, Concentration camp - Notes

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Main article: Nazi concentration camps. See also: List of German concentration camps, Holocaust Concentration camps (Konzentrationslager or KZ) rose to notoriety during their use in Germany during the Nazi era. The general populace referred to them as Kah-Tzets (the initials KZ in German). The Nazi regime maintained concentration camps as labor camps and prisons since the beginning of their regime in 1933. After the beginning of the war, they also established extermination camps for the industrialized mass ...

See also:

Concentration camp, Concentration camp - The British, Concentration camp - The United States, Concentration camp - Canada, Concentration camp - Austria-Hungary, Concentration camp - Germany, Concentration camp - Fascist Italy, Concentration camp - Ustaša regime in Croatia, Concentration camp - Cambodia, Concentration camp - Serbia, Concentration camp - Russia and the Soviet Union, Concentration camp - People's Republic of China, Concentration camp - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Concentration camp - North Korea, Concentration camp - Headline text, Concentration camp - Sweden, Concentration camp - Finland, Concentration camp - France, Concentration camp - Chile, Concentration camp - Argentina, Concentration camp - External links, Concentration camp - Netherlands, Concentration camp - Notes

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The name Galicia et Lodomeria was first used in the 13th century by King Andrew II of Hungary. It was a Latinized version of the Slavic names Halych and Volodymyr, the major cities of the Ukrainian or Ruthenian principality of Halych-Volhynia, which was under Hungarian rule at the time. The origin of the Ukrainian name Halych (Halicz in Polish, Galich in Russian, Galic in Latin) is uncertain. Some historians believe it has to do with people of Celtic origin settled nearby, and is related to many similar pla ...

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Galicia Central Europe, Galicia Central Europe - Origin and variations of the name, Galicia Central Europe - Galicia and Lodomeria in different languages, Galicia Central Europe - History, Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland, Galicia Central Europe - From partitions of Poland to the Congress of Vienna, Galicia Central Europe - From 1815 to 1860, Galicia Central Europe - Constitutional experiments, Galicia Central Europe - Galician autonomy, Galicia Central Europe - The Great Economic Emigration, Galicia Central Europe - First World War and Polish-Ukrainian conflict, Galicia Central Europe - Second World War and Distrikt Galizien, Galicia Central Europe - Legacy, Galicia Central Europe - Economy, Galicia Central Europe - Major cities and towns, Galicia Central Europe - Personalities from Galicia, Galicia Central Europe - External link

Read more here: » Galicia Central Europe: Encyclopedia II - Galicia Central Europe - Origin and variations of the name

Since the feudal fragmentation of Poland began in 1138, Poznań was the capital of Greater Poland division and the main site of local dukes dynasty started by Mieszko III the Old. The city was developing quickly and in 12th century it was surrounded by trade-and-crafts settlements of St. Gotard, St. Martin, St. Adalbert on the left bank of the Warthe river and Srodka of the right bank. In ca. 1230 the dukes founded in Srodka an autonomous municipality based on Teutonic law, and in 1253 dukes Przemysł I and Boleslaus the Pious founded ...

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History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography

Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295