General Government - Article Index

Encyclopedia - General Government: Encyclopedia Ii - General Government - Creation Of The General Government
Hans Frank was appointed Governor-General of the occupied territories on 26 October 1939. Two decrees by Hitler (8 October and 12 October...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Złoty: Encyclopedia - Polish Złoty
Złoty (literally meaning "golden", plural: złote or złotych, depending on the number) is the Polish currency unit. ISO 4217 currency ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chełmno: Encyclopedia - Chełmno
Chełmno (-Polish, German: Kulm) is a town in northern Poland with 22,000 inhabitants (1995) and the historical capital of Chełmno Land....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belzec Extermination Camp: Encyclopedia - Belzec Extermination Camp
Belzec was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps created for implementing Operation Reinhard during the Holocaust. Operating i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Operation Reinhard: Encyclopedia - Operation Reinhard
Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard, Einsatz Reinhard, Aktion Reinhardt or Einsatz Reinhardt in German) was the code name given to the Na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw: Encyclopedia - Warsaw
Warsaw (Polish Warszawa, [varˈʂava](?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa) is the capital of Pola...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź: Encyclopedia - Łódź
Łódź (pronunciation: ˈwudʑ̥), the second-largest city (population 776,297 in 2004) of Poland, lies in the centre of the country. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii Atrocities In Poland: Encyclopedia - World War Ii Atrocities In Poland
This article details the atrocities and crimes against humanity committed in Poland during the World War II. Over 6 million Polish citize...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion: Encyclopedia - Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion
The Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion (AB-Aktion in short, German for Extraordinary Peace-Bringing Action) was a German campaign during...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp
A concentration camp is a large detention center created for political opponents, aliens, specific ethnic or religious groups, civilians ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wadowice: Encyclopedia - Wadowice
Wadowice is a town in southern Poland, 50km from Krakow with 19,500 inhabitants (2001), situated on the Skawa river, confluence of Vistul...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Częstochowa: Encyclopedia - Częstochowa
Częstochowa (pronounced: [ʧε̃stɔ:xɔva]) is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 248,894 inhabitants (2004). It has been...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kraków: Encyclopedia - Kraków
Kraków (pronounced: ['krakuf]; variant English spelling Cracow; in full Royal Capital City of Kraków, Polish: Królewskie Stołeczne M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wannsee Conference: Encyclopedia - Wannsee Conference
The Wannsee Conference was the discussion by a group of Nazi officials about the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question" (Endlösung der ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia - The Holocaust
The Holocaust is the name applied to the systematic state-sponsored persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious and political ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Uprising: Encyclopedia - Warsaw Uprising
Build up The Battle Lack of outside support Capitulation Aftereffects Cultural representations Military participants Notable People Fac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Racial Segregation: Encyclopedia - Racial Segregation
Racial segregation is a kind of formalized or institutionalized discrimination on the basis of race. It is characterized by the races' se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto: Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto
The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of the Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany in General Government during the Holocaust in World W...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Uprising: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw Uprising - Eve Of The Battle
The Home Army's initial plans for a national uprising, Operation Tempest, which would link up with British forces, changed in 1943 when i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wadowice: Encyclopedia Ii - Wadowice - History
The first permanent settlement in the area of today's Wadowice was founded in late 10th century or early 11th century. According to a loc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw Ghetto - Destruction Of The Ghetto
In early 1942, the Nazis made the decision at the Wannsee conference to exterminate the Jews of Europe. The first phase of the Final Solu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Łódź: Encyclopedia Ii - Łódź - History
Łódź - Agricultural Łódź. Łódź first appears in the written record in a document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Racial Segregation: Encyclopedia Ii - Racial Segregation - Usa
After the Civil War abolished slavery in the South, racial discrimination became regulated by the so-called Jim Crow laws, which mandated...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Szare Szeregi: Encyclopedia Ii - Szare Szeregi - Internal Structure
On May 1, 1944, the Szare Szeregi had 8 359 members. Initially only the elder scouts (Senior Scouts, Senior Guides, Rovers and Rangers) 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reichsgau Wartheland: Encyclopedia Ii - Reichsgau Wartheland - Occupation
In the Wartheland, the Nazis' goal was complete "Germanization"; to assimilate the territory politically, culturally, socially, and econo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Germany - Pre-war Politics 1933-1939
In the wake of the First World War and subsquent economic depression, many German voters began turning their support towards Adolf Hitler...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boryslav: Encyclopedia Ii - Boryslav - History
The area of modern town of Boryslav has been inhabitated at least since the Bronze Age. There are remnants of a pagan shrine from 1st mil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belzec Extermination Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Belzec Extermination Camp - Operation Of The Camp
On 13 October 1941, Heinrich Himmler gave SS and Police Leader Lublin, SS Brigadefuehrer Odilo Globocnik, two orders in a conference, whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arthur Seyss-inquart: Encyclopedia Ii - Arthur Seyss-inquart - Reichskommissar In The Netherlands
Following the capitulation of the Low Countries he was appointed Reichskommissar for the Occupied Netherlands in May 1940, charged with d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii Atrocities In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii Atrocities In Poland - Polish Areas Annexed By Nazi Germany
The war against Poland was from the start intended as a fulfillment of the plan described by Adolf Hitler in his book Mein Kampf. The mai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Operation Reinhard: Encyclopedia Ii - Operation Reinhard - The Construction Of The Camps
Operation Reinhard was devised as a more "humane" method of mass murder, but only for those conducting the killing. Conducting mass execu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Poland - History
Poland began to form into a recognizable unitary and territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the Piast dynasty. Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ostrava: Encyclopedia Ii - Ostrava - History Of Ostrava
Ostrava has been an important crossroads of prehistoric trading routes, namely the Amber Road. Archaeological finds have proved that the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Nuremberg Laws: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Nuremberg Laws - History
A conference of ministers was held on August 20, 1935, to discuss the economic effects of Party actions against Jews. Adolf Wagner, the P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Concentration Camps: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Concentration Camps - Camps During The War
After 1939, with the beginning of the Second World War, the concentration camps increasingly became places where the enemies of the Nazis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Historical Interpretations
As with any historical event, scholars continue to argue over what exactly happened and why. The Holocaust - Who was directly involved i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - The British
The term "concentration camp" was first used by the British military during the Boer War (1899-1902). Facing attack by Boer guerrillas, B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Złoty: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Złoty - Historical Currencies
Polish złoty - Złoty in the Kingdom of Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The złoty is a traditional Polish currency unit da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion: Encyclopedia Ii - Außerordentliche Befriedungsaktion - History
The anti-Polish campaign was planned by Hans Frank, the commander of the General Government. The mass murder of Polish leaders, politicia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belzec Extermination Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Belzec Extermination Camp - Operation Of The Camp
On 13 October 1941, Heinrich Himmler gave SS and Police Leader Lublin, SS Brigadefuehrer Odilo Globocnik, two orders in a conference, whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chełmno: Encyclopedia Ii - Chełmno - History
The first written mention of Chełmno is known from a document allegedly issued in 1065 by Duke Boleslaus I of Poland for the Benedictine...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - History And Usage Of The Term
The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. defines concentration camp as: a camp where non-combatants of a district are accommodated, such a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Extermination Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Extermination Camp - The Camps
Most accounts of the Holocaust recognise six extermination camps, all located in occupied Poland. These were: Auschwitz II (Auschwitz-Bi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw - History
The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sandomierz: Encyclopedia Ii - Sandomierz - History
Sandomierz is one of the oldest and historically most significant cities in Poland. Archeological finds around the city indicate that hum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rumia: Encyclopedia Ii - Rumia - History
The village of Rumia was first mentioned in 1224 when it was awarded by Świetopełk II, later duke of Eastern Pomerania to the Cistercia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radom: Encyclopedia Ii - Radom - History
It was founded in 1340 and during the partitions of Poland it was held successively by Austria and Russia in the 19th century before retu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reichsgau Wartheland: Encyclopedia Ii - Reichsgau Wartheland - Occupation
In the Wartheland, the Nazis' goal was complete "Germanization"; to assimilate the territory politically, culturally, socially, and econo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Reichsgau Wartheland: Encyclopedia Ii - Reichsgau Wartheland - Occupation
In the Wartheland, the Nazis' goal was complete "Germanization", the political, cultural, social, and economic assimilation of the territ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw - History
The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazd...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zamość: Encyclopedia Ii - Zamość - History
Zamość was founded in year 1580 by the Chancellor and Hetman (head of the army of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) Jan Zamoyski on the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii Evacuation And Expulsion: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii Evacuation And Expulsion - Europe
World War II evacuation and expulsion - Deportation of Jews. After the September Campaign Western pre-WWII Polish territories were inco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volksdeutsche: Encyclopedia Ii - Volksdeutsche - Origins
Over the last thousand years tens of thousands of Germans emigrated from traditional German lands in Central Europe and settled further e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish September Campaign - Details Of The Campaign
Polish September Campaign - Plans. The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organised Persecution Of Ethnic Germans: Encyclopedia Ii - Organised Persecution Of Ethnic Germans - Specific Locales
Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Australia. Persecution of ethnic Germans was much the same in Australia as it was in the Unit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Governor-general: Encyclopedia Ii - Governor-general - Commonwealth Usages
Today the title Governor-General or Governor General is used in countries which recognise Queen Elizabeth II as the titular head of state...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Governor-general: Encyclopedia Ii - Governor-general - Commonwealth Usage
Today the title Governor-General is used in countries which recognise Queen Elizabeth II as the titular head of state, or sovereign, excl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Galicia Central Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Galicia Central Europe - History
Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland. Main articles: Red Ruthenia and Halych-Volhynia The region of what later beca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Effects Of World War Ii: Encyclopedia Ii - Effects Of World War Ii - Politics
Since the League of Nations had obviously failed to prevent the war, a new international order was constructed. In 1945 the United Nation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1939–1945 - German And Soviet Invasion
The Polish armed forces resisted the German invasion, but their strategic position was hopeless since Poland was surrounded on three side...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In The Kingdom Of Prussia 1793–1918
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, the city fell to Kingdom of Prussia and was made the capital of the province of South Prussi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Holocaust: Encyclopedia Ii - The Holocaust - Victims
The victims of the Holocaust were Jews, Polish, Russian, Communists, homosexuals, Roma (also known as gypsies), the mentally ill and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kalisz: Encyclopedia Ii - Kalisz - History
Sometimes Kalisz is called "the oldest town of Poland" because the mention by Ptolemy of a town called Calisia that was situated on the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Home Army And V1 And V2: Encyclopedia Ii - Home Army And V1 And V2 - Impact On The Course Of The War
It is difficult to asses the overall impact of Home Army's intelligence work with regard to V-1 and V-2 on WW2. On one hand, the allies n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Communism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Communism - The Cold War
After World War II, the Soviet Union became a world superpower with its leader Joseph Stalin. This resulted in a great rivalry between th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Germany - Pre-war Politics 1933-1939
On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor by President Paul von Hindenburg after attempts by General Kurt von Schleicher...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Racial Policy Of Nazi Germany: Encyclopedia Ii - Racial Policy Of Nazi Germany - 1933 To 1939
Nazi racial policy changed extensively in the years between 1933 and 1939. The Nazi Party became increasingly extreme in its treatment of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kraków: Encyclopedia Ii - Kraków - History
Kraków - Medieval. The earliest known settlement on the present site of Kraków was established on Wawel hill, and dates back to the 4...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Operations And Projects Military And Non-military: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Operations And Projects Military And Non-military - Operations
List of operations and projects military and non-military - World War I. Albion (1917) — German capture of Oesel, Dago and Moon Isla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lublin: Encyclopedia Ii - Lublin - History
The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archelogical finds indicate a long, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Madagascar Plan: Encyclopedia Ii - Madagascar Plan - Planning Begins
An ambitious bureaucrat named Franz Rademacher, recently appointed leader of the Judenreferat III der Abteilung Deutschland, or Jewish De...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Governor-general: Encyclopedia Ii - Governor-general - Commonwealth Usage
Today the title Governor-General is used in countries which recognise Queen Elizabeth II as the titular head of state, or sovereign, excl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish September Campaign - Details Of The Campaign
Polish September Campaign - Plans. The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nazi Extermination Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Nazi Extermination Camp - The Camps
Most accounts of the Holocaust recognise six extermination camps, all located in occupied Poland. These were: Auschwitz II (Auschwitz-Bi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Galicia Central Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Galicia Central Europe - History
Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland. Main articles: Red Ruthenia and Halych-Volhynia The region of what later beca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Częstochowa: Encyclopedia Ii - Częstochowa - History
Częstochowa - 1200s-1500s. The village of Częstochowa was founded in 11th century. It is first mentioned as a village in historical d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - National Socialist German Workers Party: Encyclopedia Ii - National Socialist German Workers Party - Party History
National Socialist German Workers Party - Origins. In the beginning of 1918, a party called the Freier Ausschuss für einen deutschen A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kraków Ghetto: Encyclopedia Ii - Kraków Ghetto - Overview
Persecution of the Jewish population of Kraków began soon after the Nazis occupied the city in September 1939 during the Polish Septembe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - Argentina
During the 1976-1983 military dictatorship, there were about 100 places that served as concentration camps in the Nazi sense, death camps...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - People's Republic Of China
Concentration camps in the People's Republic of China are called Laogai, which means "reform through labor". The communist-era camps bega...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - Russia And The Soviet Union
In Imperial Russia, labor camps were known under the name katorga. In the Soviet Union, concentration camps were called simply camps, alm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - Sweden
About seven or eight internment camps were used in Sweden during World War II, under the neutral government. The most famous is probably...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Concentration Camp: Encyclopedia Ii - Concentration Camp - Germany
Main article: Nazi concentration camps. See also: List of German concentration camps, Holocaust Concentration camps (Konzentrationslager ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Galicia Central Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Galicia Central Europe - Origin And Variations Of The Name
The name Galicia et Lodomeria was first used in the 13th century by King Andrew II of Hungary. It was a Latinized version of the Slavic n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Capital Of Great Poland 1138–1295
Since the feudal fragmentation of Poland began in 1138, Poznań was the capital of Greater Poland division and the main site of local duk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In The Kingdom Of Poland 1295–1793
With the unification of Poland Poznań become the main political, cultural, academic and economic center. It was the site of the royal G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Early Times
The first settlements in what is now Poznań can be traced to the late period of the Stone Age. Later various cultures developed here in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1939–1945 - Yalta And The Soviet Occupation 1943–45
As the Soviets advanced through Poland in late 1944 the German administration collapsed. The Communist-controlled Committee of National L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1939–1945 - Governments In Exile
See also special article about Polish government in exile during Second World War. The Polish government re-assembled in Paris and formed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1939–1945 - Resistance
Resistance to the German occupation began almost at once, although there is little terrain in Poland suitable for guerilla operations. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1939–1945: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1939–1945 - Aftermath Of The War
Hans Frank was captured by American troops in May 1945 and was one of the defendants at the Nuremberg Trials. During his trial he convert...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Reformation And Religious Affiliation Of Burghers
The burghers of Posen/Posnan for a large part took on Protestant beliefs. The Protestant church books (Kirchenbuch), starting in 1596 wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Częstochowa: Encyclopedia Ii - Częstochowa - City Name
The name of Częstochowa means Częstoch's place and comes from a personal name of Częstoch mentioned in the mediaeval documents also as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Communism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Communism - Karl Marx And The Communist Manifesto
Although Marx addressed a wide range of issues, he is most famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggle, summed up in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Communism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Communism - The October Revolution
The 1917 October Revolution, led by Vladimir Lenin was the first large scale attempt to put Marxist ideas about a workers' state into pra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World War Ii Evacuation And Expulsion: Encyclopedia Ii - World War Ii Evacuation And Expulsion - Asia
The Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 sparked a lasting refugee crisis, which in many respects persisted until the final resolution ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Communism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Communism - Early Communism
The notion of communism - the idea of a classless, stateless society based on communal ownership of property and wealth, stretches far ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In Third Polish Republic After 1989
to be written yet 1990 first free elections for the local government 1991 reestablishment congress of the Polish Cities Union; 1991 firs...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In The Second Polish Republic 1919–1939
At the end of World War I, the Great Poland Uprising (1918–1919) promised to restore Great Poland and its capital as a Polish nation. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In Nazi Germany 1939–1945
With the outbreak of the World War II Poznań was annexed by Germany and briefly reorganized into the Reichsgau Posen and then as the Rei...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In People's Republic Of Poland 1945–1989
to be written yet The first years after WWII (1945-1948 were the era of enthusiasm for peace and freedom, rebuilding the city from ruins,...   » Read the article