Encyclopedia - Gemara: Encyclopedia - Gemara
The Gemara (גמרא - from gamar: Hebrew "[to] complete"; Aramaic "[to] study") is a component of the Talmud, comprising the rabbinical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemara - Gemara And Mishnah
The Gemara and the Mishnah together make up the Talmud. The Talmud thus comprises two components: the Mishnah - the core text; and the ge...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemara - The Sugya
The analysis of the Amoraim is generally focused on clarifying the positions, words and views of the Tannaim. These debates and exchanges...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemara: Encyclopedia Ii - Gemara - Argumentation And Debate
The distinctive character of the gemara derives largely from the intricate use of argumentation and debate, described above. In each sugy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish trad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Baraita: Encyclopedia - Baraita
Baraita (Aramaic ברייתא: "external", "outside"; pl. Baraitot. Also Baraitha, Beraita ) designates a tradition in the Jewish oral la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tosefta: Encyclopedia - Tosefta
The Tosefta is a second compilation of oral law from the period of the Mishnah. In many ways, the Tosefta acts as a supplement to the Mis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Posek: Encyclopedia - Posek
Posek (Hebrew פוסק; /poseq/ pl. Poskim) is the term in Jewish law for "legal decisor" - a rabbi who decides the Halakha in cases of l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amora: Encyclopedia - Amora
Amora, plural Amoraim, (from the Hebrew root amar "to say" or "tell over"), were renowned Jewish scholars who "said" or "told over" the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - The Two Talmuds
There is only one Mishnah but there are two distinct Gemaras: the Yerushalmi and the Bavli, and two corresponding Talmuds. (Today the wor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Structure And Function
Traditional Judaism has always held that the books of the Tanakh were transmitted in parallel with a living, oral tradition. Thus, the To...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - External Attacks On The Talmud
The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tosefta: Encyclopedia Ii - Tosefta - Non-orthodox Scholars
However, recent scholarship, especially by Professor Judith Hauptman reveals that the Tosefta draws on source material earlier than the l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Attitude To The Talmud Within Judaism
The Talmud and its study spread from Babylon to Egypt, northern Africa, Italy, Spain, France, and Germany, regions destined to become abo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Historical Study
The Talmud contains little serious biographical studies of the people discussed therein, and the same tractate will conflate the points o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Modern Day Talmud Scholars
Talmud scholars of the 20th century include: Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman Rabbi Boruch Ber Lebowitz (the Bircas Shm...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Translations
Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli. There are four contemporary translations of the Talmud into English: The Soncino Hebrew-English...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isaac Alfasi: Encyclopedia Ii - Isaac Alfasi - Biography
Alfasi was born in Kalat ibn Hamad, a village near Fes in Morocco. He studied in Kairouan, Tunisia under Nissim Ben Jacob and Chananel Be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rosh Hashanah Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Rosh Hashanah Talmud - The Tosefta
Curious as is the order of subjects followed in this treatise, in which several mishnaic sources have been combined, the Tosefta follows ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isser Harel: Encyclopedia Ii - Isser Harel - Childhood And Youth
Isser Harel was born Isser Halperin in Vitebsk, Russia (now Belarus), to a large, wealthy family. The exact date of his birth was not pas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Interpretation
For Orthodox Jews and fundamentalist Christians these findings present a problem, as they would invalidate a major claim in the Bible. No...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Historical Sources
Hanukkah - In the Talmud. The miracle of Hanukkah is described in the Talmud. The Gemara, in tractate Shabbat 21b [1], says that after ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Barabbas: Encyclopedia Ii - Barabbas - Were Barabbas And Jesus The Same Person?
The name Barabbas is composed of two elements: bar, meaning son of, and Abba. Abba has been found as a personal name in a First Century b...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Gemara: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Gemara
Gemara' (Hebrew) (from the verbal root gamar to complete, perfect)   Teaching leading to full initiation; the supplementary part ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Gemara: Spiritual Theosophical Dictionary On Gemara
Gemara (Hebrew, Jewish) The latter portion of the Jewish Talmud, begun by Rabbi Ashi and completed by Rabbi Mar and Meremar, about 300...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Talmud: Spiritual Theosophical Dictionary On Talmud
Talmud (Hebrew, Jewish). Rabbinic Commentaries on the Jewish faith. It is composed of two parts, the older Mishnah, and the more moder...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Talmud: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Talmud
Talmud (Hebrew) [from the verbal root lamadh to teach, train in learning, discipline]   Study of and instruction in anything (whe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot
613 mitzvot (or 613 Commandments. Hebrew: תרי"ג מצוות transliterated as Taryag mitzvot; TaRYaG is the acronym for the numeric va...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy Of Peor: Encyclopedia - Heresy Of Peor
The heresy of Peor is an event related in the torah at Numbers 25:1-15. Back references to the event occur in Numbers 25:18 and 31:16, De...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia - Hanukkah
Hanukkah, also known as the Festival of Lights or Festival of Dedication, is an eight day Jewish holiday that starts on the 25th day of K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zeraim: Encyclopedia - Zeraim
Zeraim (זרעים) is the first Order of the Mishnah (and Tosefta and Talmud). Of the six orders of the Mishnah, Zeraim is the shortest....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheder: Encyclopedia - Cheder
Cheders (also known as "Heders", Hebrew: room) are traditional elementary schools or classes teaching the basics of Judaism and the Hebre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia - Mishnah
The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, "repetition") is a major source of rabbinic Judaism's religious texts. It is the first recording of the ora...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant
The Ark of the Covenant (ארון הברית in Hebrew: aron habrit) is described in the Hebrew Bible as a sacred container built at the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 39 Categories Of Activity: Encyclopedia - 39 Categories Of Activity
39 categories of activity, 39 melachot, or lamed tet avot melachot, that the Talmud prohibits Jews from engaging in on Shabbat (the Jewis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - History
Ark of the Covenant - Mobile vanguard. In the march from Sinai, and at the crossing of the Jordan, the Ark preceded the people, and was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy Of Peor: Encyclopedia Ii - Heresy Of Peor - Ba‘al Pe‘or
These, and the biblical back-references, are the only ancient records referring to Ba‘al Pe‘or. There is no way of knowing whether Ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tosafot: Encyclopedia Ii - Tosafot - Schools Of Tosafists
Tosafot - Tosafot of Evreux. Moses of Evreux, one of the most prolific tosafists, furnished glosses to the whole Talmud; they form a di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Rishonim
With the decline of the gaonate in the first half of the eleventh century, the Jews of various countries lost the central spiritual autho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mormonism And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Mormonism And Judaism - Comparison Between Mormonism And Judaism
Mormonism and Judaism - Nature of God. Although monotheism is a fundamental tenet of Judaism, the Jewish religion arose and was codifie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Hanukkah Rituals
Hanukkah has relatively simple religious rituals that are performed during the eight nights and days of the holiday. Some aspects are pra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cheder: Encyclopedia Ii - Cheder - History
Cheders were widely spread in Europe before the end of the 18th century. Lessons took place at the teacher's house, who was paid for by t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gil Student: Encyclopedia Ii - Gil Student - Defending The Talmud
Student has written extensively defending the Talmud against those who claim that it defames gentiles or Jesus. On the Internet, one of S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 39 Categories Of Activity: Encyclopedia Ii - 39 Categories Of Activity - Origins Of The 39 Categories From The Torah
The concluding instructions for the Tabernacle's construction are stated at the end of the Book of Exodus, chapter 31 [1], and in that sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Dating The Exodus
In the Bible, Pharaoh is treated as a name rather than a title, and is not otherwise named. Most prevailing theories fall into one of two...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnah - Historical Study
Both the Mishnah and Talmud contain little serious biographical studies of the people discussed therein, and the same tractate will confl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Hanukkah Rituals
Hanukkah has relatively simple religious rituals that are performed during the eight nights and days of the holiday. Some aspects are pra...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Righteous Among The Nations: Encyclopedia Ii - Righteous Among The Nations - Honors
A person who is recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations is awarded a specially minted medal bearing his or her name, a certificate of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia Ii - 613 Mitzvot - Other Views
The Talmudic source is not without dissent. Apart from Rabbi Simlai, to whom the number 613 is attributed, other classical sages who hold...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Avodah Zarah Tractate: Encyclopedia Ii - Avodah Zarah Tractate - Mishna
The tractate consists of five chapters. The number of mishnayot is according to the standard numbering; however, different versions split...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Righteous Among The Nations: Encyclopedia Ii - Righteous Among The Nations - Honors
A person who is recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations is awarded a specially minted medal bearing his or her name, a certificate of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mormonism And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Mormonism And Judaism - Jewish Symbolism In Mormonism
The LDS Church includes among its traditional symbols the Star of David, which has been in use among Jews since at least the 13th century...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gil Student: Encyclopedia Ii - Gil Student - Modern And Haredi Orthodoxy
Though his stance in the Slifkin controversy put him at odds with much of the Haredi world, Student nevertheless opposes many trends with...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Geographic Issues
The body of water crossed is traditionally the Red Sea but the Hebrew calls it literally, the "Reed Sea". See Passage of Red Sea for more...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mormonism And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Mormonism And Judaism - Mormons And Jews
LDS assert peaceful coexistence with the Jewish people, whom they recognize as Israelites who simply never lost the knowledge that they a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mormonism And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Mormonism And Judaism - Mormons And Israel
Mormons, as a whole, are largely pro-Israel. Mormons, as well as many Jews, are also in favor of coexistence in the Holy Land. The LDS pe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - When Hanukkah Occurs
Further information: Jewish holidays 2000-2050 The dates of Hanukkah are determined by the Hebrew Calendar. Hanukkah begins at the 25th d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Numbers Involved In The Exodus
The Biblical account in Exodus 12:37 refers to 600,000 adult Hebrew men as leaving Egypt and travelling with Moses. According to many Jew...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tosafot: Encyclopedia Ii - Tosafot - Mostly Of French Origin
The chief home of tosafot literature was incontestably France, for it began with Rashi's pupils, and was continued mainly by the heads of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Alternate Theories
A number of theories have been proposed to account for the occurrence of the plagues and the resulting parting of the waters, attributing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy Of Peor: Encyclopedia Ii - Heresy Of Peor - Biblical Account
The preceeding story is that of Balaam, in which a prophet, Balaam, ascends the mountain of Pe‘or, and sacrifices to God at the top of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Biblical Narrative
The Israelites had moved from the land of Canaan into Egypt when Joseph was prime minister of Egypt. After the death of Joseph and a chan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Exodus: Encyclopedia Ii - The Exodus - Route Of The Exodus
There are a number of possible routes the Exodus might have taken. Many of the listed places are not identifiable with their modern day c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - Fate Of The Ark
In contrast to the general consensus of historians (that supposes that the ark was taken away and destroyed), variant traditions about th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - Terminology
The Hebrew word aron is used in the Bible to designate any type of ark, chest or coffer, for any purpose (Genesis 50:26; 2 Kings 12:9, 10...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia Ii - 613 Mitzvot - Works Enumerating The Commandments
In practice there is no one definitive list that explicates the 613 laws. The differences come about because in some places the Torah lis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - Description
The Bible describes the Ark as made of acacia or shittah-tree wood. It was a cubit and a half broad and high and two cubits long (about 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - Prophets' Mentions
The Ark of the Covenant is mentioned by prophets in both the Bible and the Qur'an. Ark of the Covenant - In the Bible. The only mention...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - Where Is It Now?
Some have claimed to have possession or discovered the Ark. Ark of the Covenant - Middle East. In 1989, Ron Wyatt claims to have broken...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 613 Mitzvot: Encyclopedia Ii - 613 Mitzvot - Significance Of 613
The Talmud (tractate Makkoth 23b) calculates that the numerical value (gematria) of the Hebrew word "Torah" is 611. The Torah states that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 39 Categories Of Activity: Encyclopedia Ii - 39 Categories Of Activity - The 39 Activities
The 39 activities, also known as avot melachot ("primary" activities) as based on the Mishna Shabbat 7:2 in the Talmud: Sowing; Plowing;...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnah - Relation Between The Hebrew Bible And The Mishnah
Rabbinical Judaism holds that the Five Books of Moses called the (Written) Torah have always been transmitted in parallel with an oral tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnah - The Writing Of The Mishnah
According to Jewish Law, the Written Law must be transmitted from a written source, and the Oral Law orally. Therefore, it was forbidden ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnah - The Structure Of The Mishnah
The Mishnah consists of six orders (sedarim). This explains the traditional name for the Talmud as Shas, which is an abbreviation of shis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishnah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishnah - Oral Traditions And Pronunciation
The Mishnah was and still is traditionally studied through recitation (out loud). Many medieval manuscripts of the Mishnah are vowelized,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ark Of The Covenant: Encyclopedia Ii - Ark Of The Covenant - Media References
The Ark of the Covenant was the focus of the highly popular 1981 adventure film, Raiders of the Lost Ark. The plot suggests that Adolf Hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy Of Peor: Encyclopedia Ii - Heresy Of Peor - Biblical Account
The preceeding story is that of Balaam, in which a prophet, Balaam, ascends the mountain of Pe‘or, and sacrifices to God at the top of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Talmudic Era
The responsa of the first five centuries are not contained in special works; they are scattered through the writings of both Talmuds (the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - When Hanukkah Occurs
The dates of Hanukkah are determined by the Hebrew Calendar. Hanukkah begins at the 25th day of Kislev and concluding on the 2nd or 3rd d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Geonim
During the Geonic period (650-1250 CE), the Babylonian schools were the chief centers of Jewish learning; the Geonim, the heads of these ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Acharonim
This section covers responsa written during fifteenth to the eighteenth century, and includes responsa of Italian, Turkish, German, and P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Twentieth Century
History of Responsa - Conservative and Masorti responsa. Main articles: Conservative responsa, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mormonism And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Mormonism And Judaism - Mormon Claims Of House Of Israel Descent
Mormons consider themselves to be the descendants of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (who was also known as "Israel") or adopted into the House...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Background
Hanukkah - Chronology. 198 BCE: Armies of the Seleucid King Antiochus III (Antiochus the Great) oust Ptolemy V from Judea and Samaria....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heresy Of Peor: Encyclopedia Ii - Heresy Of Peor - From Moab To Midian
The abrupt change from concerns about the Moabites to the Midianites, and mention of the end of a plague which is never described as star...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Commemoration
The word Hanukkah means "dedication." Spiritually, Hanukkah commemorates the Miracle of the Oil. At the re-dedication of the Temple in Je...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - The Story
Around 200 BCE Jews lived as an autonomous people in the land of Israel, also referred to as Judea, which at that time was controlled by ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Interaction With Other Traditions
Hanukkah gained increased importance with many Jewish families in the twentieth century, including large numbers of secular Jews who want...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanukkah: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanukkah - Hanukkah Games: Dreidel And Gelt
Hanukkah - Dreidel. The dreidel (a four-sided "top") is associated with Hanukkah. It has four sides: נ (Nun), ג (Gimel), ה (Hey), �...   » Read the article

Article - Theosophy Sitemap I - G
This is a sitemap for Theosophy - G . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word.   ...   » Read the article