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Gastrointestinal Tract | A Wisdom Archive on Gastrointestinal Tract | | Gastrointestinal Tract A selection of articles related to Gastrointestinal Tract | |
| We recommend this article: Gastrointestinal Tract - 1, and also this: Gastrointestinal Tract - 2. |
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gastrointestinal tract
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Gastrointestinal Tract | | | |  Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Signs and symptomsPatients present with trouble swallowing, gastrointestinal hemorrhage or metastases (mainly in the liver). Intestinal obstruction is rare, due to the tumor's outward pattern of growth. Often, there is a history of vague abdominal pain or discomfort, and the tumor has become rather large by time the diagnosis is made.
Generally, the definitive diagnosis is made with a biopsy, which can be obtained endoscopically or at the time of surgery.
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See also:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Signs and symptoms, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Diagnosis, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Radiology, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Pathophysiology, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Genetics, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Epidemiology, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Therapy, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - History, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Sources Read more here: » Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Signs and symptoms |
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| | | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs Celebrex and Vioxx were introduced in 1999 and rapidly became the most frequently prescribed new drugs in the United States. By October 2000, their US sales exceeded 100 million prescriptions per year for $3 billion, and were still rising, sales of Celebrex alone reaching $3.1 billion in 2001. A Spanish study found that between January 2000 and June 2001, 7% of NSAID prescriptions and 29% of NSAID expenditures were for COX-II inhibitors. Over the period of the study, COX-II inhibitors rose from 10.03% of total NSAIDs prescribed by specialty ...
See also:COX-2 inhibitor, COX-2 inhibitor - Research history, COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx, COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs, COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies, COX-2 inhibitor - Combinations of drugs, COX-2 inhibitor - Risks and side effects, COX-2 inhibitor - Considerations for prescription Read more here: » COX-2 inhibitor: Encyclopedia II - COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs |
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| | | | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Genetics Although some families with hereditary GISTs have been described, most cases are sporadic.
In GIST cells, the c-kit gene is mutated approximately 85% to 90% of the time. 35% of the GIST cells that do not have a mutated c-kit ("wild-type")have a mutation in another protein, PDGFR-alpha, which is very similar to kit. Mutations in the following exons of the c-kit gene are known to occur in GIST ...
See also:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Signs and symptoms, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Diagnosis, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Radiology, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Pathophysiology, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Genetics, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Epidemiology, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Therapy, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - History, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Sources Read more here: » Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Gastrointestinal stromal tumor - Genetics |
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| | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Symptoms Patients with upper GI hemorrhage often present with hematemesis, coffee ground vomiting, melena, or hematochezia if the hemorrhage is severe.
Patients may also present with complications of anemia, including chest pain, syncope, fatigue and shortness of breath.
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See also:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Causes, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Symptoms, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Treatment, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Refractory bleeding Read more here: » Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Encyclopedia II - Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Symptoms |
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| | | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx On September 27, 2004 Vioxx (Rofecoxib) was withdrawn voluntarily from the market, due to an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. At present it is unclear whether this side effect pertains also to other drugs of this group or is specific for Vioxx.
Beasley Allen Law Firm is spearheading the review of over 31,000 claims against the manufacturers of Bextra, Celebrex and Vioxx.
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See also:COX-2 inhibitor, COX-2 inhibitor - Research history, COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx, COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs, COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies, COX-2 inhibitor - Combinations of drugs, COX-2 inhibitor - Risks and side effects, COX-2 inhibitor - Considerations for prescription Read more here: » COX-2 inhibitor: Encyclopedia II - COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx |
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| | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Drug metabolism - Sites Quantitatively, the liver is the principle organ of drug metabolism, although every biological tissue has some ability to metabolize drugs. Factors responsible for the liver's contribution to drug metabolism include that it is a large organ, that it is the first organ perfused by chemicals absorbed in the gut, and that there are very high concentrations of most drug-metabolizing enzyme systems relative to other organs. If a drug is very readily and well-metabolized, it is s ...
See also:Drug metabolism, Drug metabolism - Phase I vs. Phase II, Drug metabolism - Sites, Drug metabolism - Major enzymes and pathways, Drug metabolism - Phase I, Drug metabolism - Phase II, Drug metabolism - Factors that affect drug metabolism Read more here: » Drug metabolism: Encyclopedia II - Drug metabolism - Sites |
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| | | | | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Krukenberg tumor - Pathogenesis There is some debate over the exact mechanism of metastasis of the tumour cells from the stomach, appendix or colon to the ovaries; classically it was thought that direct seeding across the abdominal cavity accounted for the spread of this tumor, but recently some researchers have suggested that lymphatic (i.e. through the lymph nodes), or haematogenous (i.e. through the blood) spread is more likely, as most of these tumours are found on the inside of the ovaries. Proponents of this theory cite the fact that metastases are never found in the ...
See also:Krukenberg tumor, Krukenberg tumor - Definition, Krukenberg tumor - Historical, Krukenberg tumor - Etiology and Incidence, Krukenberg tumor - Symptoms, Krukenberg tumor - Pathogenesis, Krukenberg tumor - Treatment and Prognosis Read more here: » Krukenberg tumor: Encyclopedia II - Krukenberg tumor - Pathogenesis |
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| | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies In a metaanalysis of eight osteoarthritis studies, the incidence of withdrawal because of adverse gastrointestinal events was 3.5% for Vioxx, compared to 4.8% for ibuprofen, diclofenac, or nabumetone (Relafen). Endoscopic studies of patients receiving Celebrex 50-400 mg twice daily for 12-24 weeks found rates of upper gastrointestinal complications similar to placebo and significantly lower than naproxen 500 mg twice daily and ibuprofen 800 mg three times daily, but not statistically significantly different from patients receiving diclofenac ...
See also:COX-2 inhibitor, COX-2 inhibitor - Research history, COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx, COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs, COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies, COX-2 inhibitor - Combinations of drugs, COX-2 inhibitor - Risks and side effects, COX-2 inhibitor - Considerations for prescription Read more here: » COX-2 inhibitor: Encyclopedia II - COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies |
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| | | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Iron deficiency medicine - Introduction Iron deficiency (or "sideropenia") is the most common known form of nutritional deficiency. In the human body, iron is present in all cells and has several vital functions -- as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin, as a facilitator of oxygen use and storage in the muscles as myoglobin, as a transport medium for electrons within the cells in the form of cytochromes, and as an integral part of enzyme reactions in various tissues. Too little iron can interfere with t ...
See also:Iron deficiency medicine, Iron deficiency medicine - Introduction, Iron deficiency medicine - Causes, Iron deficiency medicine - Symptoms, Iron deficiency medicine - Likely lab test results in people with iron deficiency, Iron deficiency medicine - Consequences, Iron deficiency medicine - Treatment Read more here: » Iron deficiency medicine: Encyclopedia II - Iron deficiency medicine - Introduction |
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| | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Adverse effects The widespread use of NSAIDs has meant that the adverse effects of these relatively safe drugs have become increasingly prevalent. The two main adverse drug reactions (ADRs), associated with NSAIDs relate to gastrointestinal (GI) effects and renal effects of the agents.
These effects are dose-dependent, and in many cases severe enough to pose the risk of ulcer perforation, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and death, limiting the use of NSAID therapy. An estimated 10-20% of NSAID patients experience dyspepsia, and NSAID-associated uppe ...
See also:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Mode of action, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Examples of NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - salicylates, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - arylalkanoic acids, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - 2-arylpropionic acids profens, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - N-arylanthranilic acids fenamic acids, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - oxicams, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - coxibs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - sulphonanilides, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Uses of NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Adverse effects, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Gastrointestinal ADRs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Renal ADRs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Photosensitivity, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Pregnancy, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Other ADRs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Newer NSAIDs: Selective COX inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - COX-2 inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Controversies with COX-2 inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - COX-3 inhibitors Read more here: » Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: Encyclopedia II - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Adverse effects |
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| | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Adverse effects The widespread use of NSAIDs has meant that the adverse effects of these relatively safe drugs have become increasingly prevalent. The two main adverse drug reactions (ADRs), associated with NSAIDs relate to gastrointestinal (GI) effects and renal effects of the agents.
These effects are dose-dependent, and in many cases severe enough to pose the risk of ulcer perforation, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and death, limiting the use of NSAID therapy. An estimated 10-20% of NSAID patients experience dyspepsia, and NSAID-associated uppe ...
See also:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Mode of action, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Examples, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Salicylates, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Arylalkanoic acids, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - 2-Arylpropionic acids profens, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - N-Arylanthranilic acids fenamic acids, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Oxicams, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Coxibs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Sulphonanilides, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Uses, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Adverse effects, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Gastrointestinal ADRs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Renal ADRs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Photosensitivity, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Pregnancy, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Other ADRs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Newer NSAIDs: selective COX inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - COX-2 inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Controversies with COX-2 inhibitors, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - COX-3 inhibitors Read more here: » Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug: Encyclopedia II - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - Adverse effects |
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| | | | | | | Gastrointestinal Tract: Encyclopedia II - Endoscopy - Components One can distinguish:
using a light delivery system to illuminate the organ under inspection. Nowadays the light source is outside the body and the light is typically directed via an optical fiber system.
transmitting the image through a lens system, and in flexible systems a fiberscope to the viewer.
An ingestible camera, light source, and radio transmitter, called a capsule camera or video pill, Which transmits images from inside the body to a receiver and recorder for capture of the video images.
in operative endoscopes having an additional channel to allow entry of ...
See also:Endoscopy, Endoscopy - Overview, Endoscopy - Components, Endoscopy - Types, Endoscopy - History, Endoscopy - Recent developments Read more here: » Endoscopy: Encyclopedia II - Endoscopy - Components |
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