The gastrointestinal or digestive tract, also referred to as the GI tract or the alimentary canal or the gut, is the system of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. The GI tract differs substantially from animal to animal. For instance, some animals have multi-chambered stomachs. Gastrointestinal tract - Basic anatomy. Gastrointestinal tract - The gut. < ...

Including:

• Gastrointestinal tract - Basic anatomy
• Gastrointestinal tract - The gut
• Gastrointestinal tract - Related organs
• Gastrointestinal tract - Physiology
• Gastrointestinal tract - Digestion and excretion
• Gastrointestinal tract - Specialization of organs
• Gastrointestinal tract - Immune function
• Gastrointestinal tract - Uses of gut

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Gastrointestinal tract - The gut. In a normal human adult male, the GI tract is approximately 7 and a half metres long (25 feet) and consists of the following components: Mouth (buccal cavity; includes salivary glands, mucosa, teeth and tongue) Pharynx Esophagus and cardia Stomach, which includes the antrum and pylorus and pyloric sphincter Bowel or intestine: small intestine, which has three parts: duodenum ...

See also:

Gastrointestinal tract, Gastrointestinal tract - Basic anatomy, Gastrointestinal tract - The gut, Gastrointestinal tract - Related organs, Gastrointestinal tract - Physiology, Gastrointestinal tract - Digestion and excretion, Gastrointestinal tract - Specialization of organs, Gastrointestinal tract - Immune function, Gastrointestinal tract - Uses of gut

Read more here: » Gastrointestinal tract: Encyclopedia II - Gastrointestinal tract - Basic anatomy

Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities. The science is considered to have been invented by Arabic physicians in Baghdad during the Golden Age of Islam; phar ...

Including:

• Pharmacology - Scientific background
• Pharmacology - Classification
• Pharmacology - Types of medication
• Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system
• Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system
• Pharmacology - For the central nervous system
• Pharmacology - For pain & consciousness Analgesic drugs
• Pharmacology - For musculo-skeletal disorders
• Pharmacology - For the eye
• Pharmacology - For the ear nose and oropharynx
• Pharmacology - For the respiratory system
• Pharmacology - For endocrine problems
• Pharmacology - For the reproductive system or urinary system
• Pharmacology - For contraception
• Pharmacology - For obstetrics and gynaecology
• Pharmacology - For the skin
• Pharmacology - For infections and infestations
• Pharmacology - For immunology
• Pharmacology - For allergic disorders
• Pharmacology - For nutrition
• Pharmacology - For neoplastic disorders
• Pharmacology - For diagnostics
• Pharmacology - For euthanasia
• Pharmacology - Other

Read more here: » Pharmacology: Encyclopedia - Pharmacology

Bentonite Clay and its spiritual properties: Intestinal cleanse of the colon is strongly recommended by Kalki and The Golden Age Foundation in order to be fully receptive for pranic energy. It is so vital that it should be the mandatory preparation before all deeper spiritual processes and as a continous maintenance of the body as an antenna of cosmic energies. Bentonite (also available at many pharmacies under alternative substance names to bentonite: bentonitum, montmorillonite) is believed to have exceptionally properties. This article from www.alternativemedicine.com desribes the genereal properties and use of bentonite.

Read more here: » Bentonite Clay Properties - Intestinal cleanse helping spiritual awakening

In pharmacology, bile acid sequestrants are a group of medications used for binding bile in the gastrointestinal tract, used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and the prevention of pruritus (itch) in patients with chronic liver disease or diarrhea. Two drugs are members of this class; both are synthetic resins: Cholestyramine (Questran®) Colestipol (Colestid®) Use of these agents has decreased markedly since the introduction of statins. They are occasionally used as an adjunctive to ...

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An antiflatulent agent is a drug used for the alleviation or prevention of excessive intestinal gas, i.e. flatulence. Antiflatulent - Mechanisms of Action. For the alleviation of flatulence, an antifoaming agent such as simethicone may be taken orally. This agent will coalesce the smalller gas bubbles into larger bubbles, thereby easing the release of gas within the gastrointestinal tract via burping or flatulence. For the prevention of flatulence, an enzyme-based dietary supplement may ...

Including:

• Antiflatulent - Mechanisms of Action
• Antiflatulent - Members
• Antiflatulent - Antifoaming Agents
• Antiflatulent - Enzyme-based Dietary Supplements

Read more here: » Antiflatulent: Encyclopedia - Antiflatulent

Cholestyramine (Questran®, Questran Light®, Cholybar®) is a bile acid sequestrant, which binds bile in the gastrointestinal tract to prevent its reabsorption. It increases removal of bile acids from body by forming insoluble complexes in intestine, which are then excreted in feces. As body loses bile acids, it converts cholesterol from blood to bile acid, thus lowering serum cholesterol. It is primarily used to treat hypercholesterolemia, but can also used to treat the pruritus, or itching, that often occurs during liver fa ...

Including:

• Cholestyramine - Available forms
• Cholestyramine - Dosage

Read more here: » Cholestyramine: Encyclopedia - Cholestyramine

Borborygmus (plural borborygmi) is the rumbling sound produced by the movement of gas through the intestines. The "rumble" or "growl" sometimes heard from the stomach is a normal part of digestion. It originates in the stomach or upper part of the small intestine as muscles contract to move food and digestive juices down the gastrointestinal tract. Although this muscle contraction happens whether or not food is present, rumbles are more common after the organism has gone several hours without eating. This may be why many ...

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Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin is believed to play an important part of the biochemistry of depression, migraine, bipolar disorder and anxiety. It is also believed to be influential on sexuality and appetite. The name "serotonin" is something of a misnomer and reflects the circumstances of the compound's discovery. It was initially id ...

Including:

• Serotonin - Biochemistry
• Serotonin - Neurotransmission
• Serotonin - Pharmacology
• Serotonin - Modulating levels of 5-HT
• Serotonin - Antidepressants
• Serotonin - Antiemetics
• Serotonin - Deficiency
• Serotonin - Serotonin syndrome
• Serotonin - See Also

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Breast milk usually refers to the milk produced by a human female which is usually fed to infants by breastfeeding. It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns, before they are able to digest more diverse foods. Breast milk - Production. Under the influence of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin, women produce milk after pregnancy to feed their baby. The initial milk produced is often referred to as colostrum, which is high in the immunoglobulin IgA, which coats the gastrointestinal tract. This ...

Including:

• Breast milk - Production
• Breast milk - Composition
• Breast milk - Comparison to other milks
• Breast milk - External link

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Gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is an illness of fever, diarrhoea and/or vomiting caused by an infectious virus, bacterium or parasite. It usually is of acute onset, normally lasting less than 10 days and self-limiting. Sometimes it is referred to simply as 'gastro'. It is often referred to as the stomach flu or gastric flu even though it is not related to influenza. If the inflammation is limited to the stomach, the term gastritis is used, and if the small bowel alone is affected i ...

Including:

• Gastroenteritis - Aetiology
• Gastroenteritis - Viral causes
• Gastroenteritis - Bacterial causes
• Gastroenteritis - Parasites
• Gastroenteritis - Epidemiology
• Gastroenteritis - Clinical features
• Gastroenteritis - Differential diagnosis
• Gastroenteritis - Treatment
• Gastroenteritis - Drug therapy
• Gastroenteritis - Complications

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The endocrine system is a control system of ductless endocrine glands that secrete chemical messengers called hormones that circulate within the body via the bloodstream to affect distant organs. It does not include exocrine glands such as salivary glands, sweat glands and glands within the gastrointestinal tract. The field of medicine that deals with disorders of endocrine glands is endocrinology, a branch of the wider field of internal medicine. Endocrine system - Physiology. The endocrine s ...

Including:

• Endocrine system - Physiology
• Endocrine system - Table of endocrine glands and the hormones secreted
• Endocrine system - In both sexes:
• Endocrine system - In males only
• Endocrine system - In females only
• Endocrine system - Role in disease

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Anastasis (from the Greek word for "resurrection") is a term infrequently used in medical circles to describe a recovery or "bounce-back" from a debilitating condition. One case where anastasis is common is catastrophic irradiation of human tissue. Depending upon the level of damage, victims of radiation poisoning can experience an immediate adverse consequence to their exposure, followed by a seemingly full recovery. After a period of time, a seco ...

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COX-2 selective inhibitor is a form of NSAID that directly targets COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Selectivity for COX-2 can halve the risk of peptic ulceration, and is the main feature of celecoxib, rofecoxib and other members of this drug class. Cox-2-selectivity does not seem to affect other side-effects of NSAIDs (most notably an increased risk of renal failure), and some results have aroused the suspicion that there might be an increase in the risk for heart attack, thrombosis and stroke by a relati ...

Including:

• COX-2 inhibitor - Research history
• COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx
• COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs
• COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies
• COX-2 inhibitor - Combinations of drugs
• COX-2 inhibitor - Risks and side effects
• COX-2 inhibitor - Considerations for prescription

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Image:Colistin.png polymyxin E IUPAC name ? CAS number ? ATC code A07AA10 / J01XB01 urine Indicated for: bacterial infections Contraindications: hypersensitivity to polymyxins Side effects: Severe: neurotoxic and nephrotoxic tubular necrosis deafness Atypical sensations: sensory disturbances of face and extremit ...

Including:

• Colistin - Administration
• Colistin - Mode of action
• Colistin - Pharmacokinetics

Read more here: » Colistin: Encyclopedia - Colistin

Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system. Upper digestive tract: antacids, reflux suppressants, antiflatulents, antidopaminergics, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, cytoprotectants, prostaglandin analogues Lower digestive tract: laxatives, antispasmodics, antidiarrhoeals, bile acid sequestrants, opioids Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system. General: beta-receptor blocker, calcium channel blockers, diure ...

See also:

Pharmacology, Pharmacology - Scientific background, Pharmacology - Classification, Pharmacology - Types of medication, Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system, Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system, Pharmacology - For the central nervous system, Pharmacology - For pain & consciousness Analgesic drugs, Pharmacology - For musculo-skeletal disorders, Pharmacology - For the eye, Pharmacology - For the ear nose and oropharynx, Pharmacology - For the respiratory system, Pharmacology - For endocrine problems, Pharmacology - For the reproductive system or urinary system, Pharmacology - For contraception, Pharmacology - For obstetrics and gynaecology, Pharmacology - For the skin, Pharmacology - For infections and infestations, Pharmacology - For immunology, Pharmacology - For allergic disorders, Pharmacology - For nutrition, Pharmacology - For neoplastic disorders, Pharmacology - For diagnostics, Pharmacology - For euthanasia, Pharmacology - Other

Read more here: » Pharmacology: Encyclopedia II - Pharmacology - Types of medication

The study of medicinal chemicals requires intimate knowledge of the biological system affected. With the knowledge of cell biology and biochemistry increasing, the field of pharmacology has also changed substantially. It has become possible, through molecular analysis of receptors, to design chemicals that act on specific cellular signalling or metabolic pathways by affecting sites directly on cell-surface receptors (which modulate and mediate cellul ...

See also:

Pharmacology, Pharmacology - Scientific background, Pharmacology - Classification, Pharmacology - Types of medication, Pharmacology - For the gastrointestinal tract or digestive system, Pharmacology - For the cardiovascular system, Pharmacology - For the central nervous system, Pharmacology - For pain & consciousness Analgesic drugs, Pharmacology - For musculo-skeletal disorders, Pharmacology - For the eye, Pharmacology - For the ear nose and oropharynx, Pharmacology - For the respiratory system, Pharmacology - For endocrine problems, Pharmacology - For the reproductive system or urinary system, Pharmacology - For contraception, Pharmacology - For obstetrics and gynaecology, Pharmacology - For the skin, Pharmacology - For infections and infestations, Pharmacology - For immunology, Pharmacology - For allergic disorders, Pharmacology - For nutrition, Pharmacology - For neoplastic disorders, Pharmacology - For diagnostics, Pharmacology - For euthanasia, Pharmacology - Other

Read more here: » Pharmacology: Encyclopedia II - Pharmacology - Scientific background

Glutamine - Formation and Nomenclature. Glutamine is genetically coded for by the RNA codons CAA and CAG. Its three-letter abbreviation is Gln, and its one-letter abbreviation is Q. A three-letter designation for either glutamine or glutamic acid is Glx (one-letter abbreviation: Z). Like other amino acids, glutamine is biochemically important as a constituent of proteins. Glutamine is also crucial in nitrogen metabolism. Ammonia (formed by nitrogen fixation) is assimilated into ...

See also:

Glutamine, Glutamine - Biochemistry, Glutamine - Formation and Nomenclature, Glutamine - Nutrition, Glutamine - Usage, Glutamine - Aiding gastrointestinal function, Glutamine - Aiding recovery after surgery

Read more here: » Glutamine: Encyclopedia II - Glutamine - Biochemistry

Glutamine - Usage. Glutamine is a supplement that is used in weightlifting and bodybuilding, as well as those who suffer for muscular cramps or pain - particularly elderly people. The main use of glutamine within the diet of either groups is as a means of replenishing the body's stores of amino acids that have been used during exercise or everyday activities. There are still studies which are looking into problems with excessive consumption of Glutamine, which thus far have proved inconclusive. However, no ...

See also:

Glutamine, Glutamine - Biochemistry, Glutamine - Formation and Nomenclature, Glutamine - Nutrition, Glutamine - Usage, Glutamine - Aiding gastrointestinal function, Glutamine - Aiding recovery after surgery

Read more here: » Glutamine: Encyclopedia II - Glutamine - Nutrition