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gastrointestinal stromal tumor | A Wisdom Archive on gastrointestinal stromal tumor | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor A selection of articles related to gastrointestinal stromal tumor | |
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| | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor | | |
| ARTICLES RELATED TO gastrointestinal stromal tumor | | | |  gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Treatment
Esophageal cancer - General approaches.
The treatment is determined by the cellular type of cancer (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma vs. other types), the stage of the disease, the general condition of the patient and other diseases present. On the whole, adequate nutrition needs to be assured, and adequate dental care is vital.
If the patient cannot swallow at all, a stent may be inserted to keep the esophagus patent; stents may also assist in occluding fistulas. A nasogastric tube may be necessa ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Treatment |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Protein kinase - Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases Serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.37) phosphorylate the OH group of serine or threonine (which have similar sidechains). These protein kinases can be regulated by:
cAMP/cGMP
Diacylglycerol
Ca2+/calmodulin
These kinases are not specific to a similar consensus sequence (a consensus sequence is a group of flanking amino acids that determines whether the protein kinase can act on it). Since the substrate to be phosphorylated aligns with the kinase by several key amino acids ...
See also:Protein kinase, Protein kinase - Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Phosphorylase kinase, Protein kinase - Protein kinase A, Protein kinase - Protein kinase C, Protein kinase - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Protein kinase - MAP kinases, Protein kinase - Mos/Raf kinases, Protein kinase - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Receptor tyrosine kinases, Protein kinase - Histidine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Aspartic acid/glutamic acid-specific protein kinases Read more here: » Protein kinase: Encyclopedia II - Protein kinase - Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Treatment
Esophageal cancer - General approaches.
The treatment is determined by the cellular type of cancer (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma vs. other types), the stage of the disease, the general condition of the patient and other diseases present. On the whole, adequate nutrition needs to be assured, and adequate dental care is vital.
If the patient cannot swallow at all, a stent may be inserted to keep the esophagus patent. A nasogastric tube may be necessary to continue feeding while treatment for the ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Treatment |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors
Esophageal cancer - Increased risk.
There are a number of risk factors for esophageal cancer. Some subtypes of cancer are linked to particular risk factors:
Age. Most patients are over 60.
Sex. It is more common in men.
Tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol use increase the risk, and together appear to increase the risk more than these two individually.
Swallowing lye or other caustic substances
Particular dietary substances, such as nitrosamine
A medical hist ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Protein kinase - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases Main article: Tyrosine kinase
Tyrosine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.1.112) phosphorylate tyrosine amino acid residues, and are, like serine/threonine-specific kinases, used in signal transduction. They act primarily as growth factor receptors and in downstream signaling from growth factors; some examples:
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor;
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor;
Insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) receptor;
Stem cell factor (scf) receptor (also called c ...
See also:Protein kinase, Protein kinase - Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Phosphorylase kinase, Protein kinase - Protein kinase A, Protein kinase - Protein kinase C, Protein kinase - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Protein kinase - MAP kinases, Protein kinase - Mos/Raf kinases, Protein kinase - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Receptor tyrosine kinases, Protein kinase - Histidine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Aspartic acid/glutamic acid-specific protein kinases Read more here: » Protein kinase: Encyclopedia II - Protein kinase - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Protein kinase - Histidine-specific protein kinases Histidine kinases are structurally distinct from most other protein kinases and are found mostly in prokaryotes as part of two-component signal transduction mechanisms. A phosphate group from ATP is first added to a histidine residue within the kinase, and later transferred to an aspartate residue on a 'receiver domain' on a different protein, or sometimes on the kinase itself. The aspartyl phosphate residue is then active in signaling.
Histidine kinases are found widely in prokaryotes, as well as in plants and fungi. The pyruvate deh ...
See also:Protein kinase, Protein kinase - Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Phosphorylase kinase, Protein kinase - Protein kinase A, Protein kinase - Protein kinase C, Protein kinase - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, Protein kinase - MAP kinases, Protein kinase - Mos/Raf kinases, Protein kinase - Tyrosine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Receptor tyrosine kinases, Protein kinase - Histidine-specific protein kinases, Protein kinase - Aspartic acid/glutamic acid-specific protein kinases Read more here: » Protein kinase: Encyclopedia II - Protein kinase - Histidine-specific protein kinases |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis Although an occlusive tumor may be suspected on a barium swallow or barium meal, the diagnosis is best made with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, endoscopy); this involves the passing of a flexible tube down the esophagus and visualising the wall. Biopsies taken of suspicious lesions are then examined histologically for signs of malignancy.
Most tumors of the esophagus are malignant. A very small proportion (under 10%) is leiomyoma (smooth muscle tumor) or gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Malignant tumors are generally adenocarc ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors
Esophageal cancer - Increased risk.
There are a number of risk factors for esophageal cancer. Some subtypes of cancer are linked to particular risk factors:
Age. Most patients are over 60, and the median in US patients is 67 (Enzinger & Mayer 2003).
Sex. It is more common in men.
Tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol use increase the risk, and together appear to increase the risk more than these two individually.
Swallowing lye or other caustic substances.
Particul ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis Patients are followed up frequently after a treatment regimen has been completed. Frequently, other treatments are necessary to improve symptoms and maximize nutrition.
Prognosis of esophageal cancer is fairly poor. Even in patients who undergo surgery with curative intent, the five year survival rate is only 25%, and prognosis is poorer in those who are not fit for surgery. Early emphasis on symptom ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is the first symptom in most patients. Odynophagia (painful swallowing) may be present. Fluids and soft foods are usually tolerated, while hard or bulky substances (such as bread or meat) cause much more difficulty. Substantial weight loss is characteristic as a result of poor nutrition and the active cancer. Pain, often of a burning nature, may be severe and wo ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms |
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| | | | gastrointestinal stromal tumor: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Staging If biopsy suggests esophageal cancer, treatment is determined by the stage of the disease. Establishing the stage of the disease, a process termed staging, usually involves computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest and abdomen. If bone metastasis is suspected (e.g. pain or fracture), a bone scan may be performed, and bronchoscopy may be performed if the tumor is suspected to involve the trachea or bronchi. In recent years endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been used increasingly to assess local lymph node involvement, and is c ...
See also:Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Staging |
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