Gaozu of Han

By historians' account, Liu Bang was the contrary to his rival, Xiang Yu. While Xiang Yu was normally depicted as a romantic and noble man, Liu Bang was often mentioned as a rogue. Xiang Yu was always kind and gentle to his peer and subordinates. However, he was inferior in political maneuver. Han Xin described Xiang Yu as "having the kindness of women," meaning that, in his opinion, Xiang's "kindness" was petty and did ...

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Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Personality

Centuries: 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC Decades: 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC 200s BC - 190s BC - 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC 140s BC Years: 200 BC 199 BC 198 BC 197 BC 196 BC - 195 BC - 194 BC 193 BC 192 BC 191 BC 190 BC Events Cato the Elder is elected consul at Rome and campaigns in Spain; he avoids one defeat by paying the Celtiberians 200 talents (around $ 120,000), a much-criticized tactic. The Roman sumptuary law, the Lex Oppia, is ...

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Cao Hong had a tendency to take advantage of his previous accomplishments in order to further himself and his own position. As well as bragging about what he had done, he also was known to maliciously tease Cao Zhen, another cousin of Cao Cao, for being overweight. For this behavior, he was admonished by Yang Fu (楊阜), a minister of the Kindgom of Wei. In the campaign against Ma Chao, Cao Hong was instructed to guard Tong Pass (潼関) at all costs, with strict orders from Cao Cao not to leave his fortifications. After being taunte ...

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Cao Hong, Cao Hong - Early Career, Cao Hong - Friction with Others, Cao Hong - Later Life, Cao Hong - Reference

Read more here: » Cao Hong: Encyclopedia II - Cao Hong - Friction with Others

Jeong's family had emerged from commoner status some four generations before, and slowly climbed up the ladder of government service. His father was the first in the family to obtain a high post. However, despite his office he left a poor household, with almost no property for his heir. The experience of childhood poverty appears to have had a profound effect on Jeong's thought. Together with other leading thinkers of the time s ...

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Jeong Dojeon, Jeong Dojeon - Background and early career, Jeong Dojeon - Relationship with Yi Seonggye, Jeong Dojeon - Intellectual activity, Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

Read more here: » Jeong Dojeon: Encyclopedia II - Jeong Dojeon - Background and early career

In the following list the couples are listed in chronological order, and the name of the older partner precedes that of the younger. Though many more men are known to have engaged in such relationships, only those instances in which the name of the younger partner is known are included. In keeping with the Socratic tradition which allows (and actually privileges) the existence of chaste pederastic relationships (See Platonic love), included below are relationships in which there is e ...

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Historical pederastic couples, Historical pederastic couples - Problematics of the pederastic record, Historical pederastic couples - Typology of relationships, Historical pederastic couples - Known or presumed pederastic couples, Historical pederastic couples - Antiquity, Historical pederastic couples - Middle Ages, Historical pederastic couples - Pre-modern period, Historical pederastic couples - 20th and 21st centuries, Historical pederastic couples - Sources

Read more here: » Historical pederastic couples: Encyclopedia II - Historical pederastic couples - Known or presumed pederastic couples

In the premodern and modern west their equivocal status has made pederastic relationships hard to document, since it was in the interest of both participants to keep the relationship secret. Another obstacle to the documentation of such relationships has been the destruction of "incriminating" personal and public records, either to "preserve the honor" of the individuals involved, or as retribution against their perceceived transgressions. Some examples of this destruction of personal records by solicitous next-of-kin are the burning ...

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Historical pederastic couples, Historical pederastic couples - Problematics of the pederastic record, Historical pederastic couples - Typology of relationships, Historical pederastic couples - Known or presumed pederastic couples, Historical pederastic couples - Antiquity, Historical pederastic couples - Middle Ages, Historical pederastic couples - Pre-modern period, Historical pederastic couples - 20th and 21st centuries, Historical pederastic couples - Sources

Read more here: » Historical pederastic couples: Encyclopedia II - Historical pederastic couples - Problematics of the pederastic record

In the battle against the warlord Dong Zhuo, as the defeated Dong Zhuo retreated toward Chang'an (長安) and the allied forces against him chose not to pursue and to remain in Luoyang, Cao Cao set out after the warlord without assistance. His forces suffered an ambush, and were greatly defeated. Xu Rong (徐栄), a general of Dong Zhuo's army, had injured Cao Cao and pushed him to the bank of a river. Cao Hong took the injured Cao Cao and carried him in his arms as he swam to the opposite side of the river, saving his life. After this he continued to serve Cao Cao, mainly as a supply officer. He contribute ...

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Cao Hong, Cao Hong - Early Career, Cao Hong - Friction with Others, Cao Hong - Later Life, Cao Hong - Reference

Read more here: » Cao Hong: Encyclopedia II - Cao Hong - Early Career

Jeong argued that government, including the king himself, exists for the sake of the people. Its legitimacy could only come from benevolent public service. It was largely on this basis that he legitimized the overthrow of the Goryeo dynasty, arguing that the Goryeo rulers had given up their right to rule. Jeong divided society into three classes: a large lower class of agricultural laborers and craftsmen, a middle class of literati, and a small upper class of bureaucrats. Anyone outside this system, including Buddhist monks, shamans, and entertainers, he c ...

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Jeong Dojeon, Jeong Dojeon - Background and early career, Jeong Dojeon - Relationship with Yi Seonggye, Jeong Dojeon - Intellectual activity, Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

Read more here: » Jeong Dojeon: Encyclopedia II - Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

Jeong's ties with Yi Seonggye and the foundation of Joseon, were extremely close. He is said to have compared his relationship to Yi to that between Zhang Liang and Gaozu of Han. Jeong's political ideas had a lasting impact on Joseon Dynasty politics. The two first became acquainted in 1383, when Jeong visited Yi at his quarters in Hamgyong province. ...

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Jeong Dojeon, Jeong Dojeon - Background and early career, Jeong Dojeon - Relationship with Yi Seonggye, Jeong Dojeon - Intellectual activity, Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

Read more here: » Jeong Dojeon: Encyclopedia II - Jeong Dojeon - Relationship with Yi Seonggye

Jeong Dojeon was a major opponent of Buddhism at the end of the Goryeo period. He was a student of Zhuxi's thought. Using Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian philosophy as the basis of his anti-Buddhist polemic, he criticized Buddhism in a number of treatises as being corrupt in its practices, and nihilistic and antinomian in its doctrines. The most famous of these treatises was the Bulssi japbyeon ("Array of Critiques Against Buddhism" ). He was a founding member of the Seonggyungwan, the royal Co ...

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Jeong Dojeon, Jeong Dojeon - Background and early career, Jeong Dojeon - Relationship with Yi Seonggye, Jeong Dojeon - Intellectual activity, Jeong Dojeon - Political thought

Read more here: » Jeong Dojeon: Encyclopedia II - Jeong Dojeon - Intellectual activity

Crown Prince Liu Ying, the eldest son of Liu Bang and Empress Lü, was the heir apparent of Liu Bang. However, Liu Bang disliked him because he considered Ying to be too weak as a ruler. His favorite son was Ruyi, Prince Yin of Zhao, by Lady Qi, one of his favorite concubines. Liu Bang attempted to make Ruyi crown prince but failed because most of his ministers remained loyal to Ying and his mother Empress Lü. Liu Bang's affection for Lady Qi and Ruyi inflamed Exmpress Lü, and after she became empress dowager after her son's accession after Liu Bang's death, ...

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Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Succession

After Liu Bang came into power, he re-centralised China based on Qin's model. He gradually replaced the original vassals, granting their lands to his relatives. Since the economy had been devastated by the war following the demise of the Qin Dynasty, he reduced taxes and corvée, developed agriculture and restricted spending. However, in response to what he saw as the decadence of Qin merchants, he restricted commerce by levying heavy taxes and legal restrictions on merchants. He also made peace with the Xiongnu. Under Gaozu's reign, Confuci ...

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Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor

In 209 BC Chen Sheng led an uprising against Qin Dynasty and assumed the title "King of Great Chu." Pei was in old Chu territory. At the time that Liu released the prisoners he was to escort to Mount Li and then became a fugitive himself, Xiao He was serving as a secretary to the county magistrate of Pei County. When Chen Sheng started his rebellion, the county magistrate considered joining the rebellion, and at the advice of Xiao and Cao Can (曹參) (who was then a county police official), he sent Liu's brother-in-law Fan Ceng (樊噌) to ...

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Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin

Liu Bang was born into a peasant family in Pei (present Pei County in Jiangsu Province). When he was young, he did not like farm work, and was evidently living a rogue's life. Not surprisingly, he was not the favorite son of his peasant father. After he grew up, Liu Bang served as a patrol officer in his county. Once he was responsible for transporting a group of prisoners to Mount Li in present Shaanxi province. During the trip many prisoners fled. Fearful that he would be punished for the prisoners' flight, Liu released the remainin ...

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Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Early Life

Now considering the whole former Qin Empire under his domination, Xiang Yu realligned the territories of not only the remaining parts of Qin but also the rebel states, dividing the territories into 19 principalities. Xiang Yu did not honor the promise by Xin, Prince Huai of Chu, who would soon himself be assassinated by Xiang's orders. Instead, he gave Guanzhong to the princes of three Qins. Liu Bang was only awarded the Principality of Han ...

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Gaozu of Han, Gaozu of Han - Early Life, Gaozu of Han - Insurrection against Qin, Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention, Gaozu of Han - Reign as the Emperor, Gaozu of Han - Succession, Gaozu of Han - Personality, Gaozu of Han - Personal information

Read more here: » Gaozu of Han: Encyclopedia II - Gaozu of Han - Chu-Han Contention