The term ganglia may refer to: multiple clusters of neurons; see ganglion. a scalable distributed monitoring system for high-performance computing systems; see Ganglia (software) [1]. A cybergrind band Gånglîå Other related archivesGanglia (software), Gånglîå, cybergrind, ganglion, neurons

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Including:

• Basal ganglia - History
• Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions
• Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming
• Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters
• Basal ganglia - Connections
• Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

Read more here: » Basal ganglia: Encyclopedia - Basal ganglia

Classically, these nuclei were considered to be connected as shown (left). The striatum is the primary (but not exclusive) input zone for other brain areas to connect to the basal ganglia. Via the striatum the basal ganglia receives input from the cortex, with a majority of projections from the motor and prefrontal cortices. The circuitry of the basal ganglia is often divided into two major pathways, the direct pathway and the indirect pathway: Direct pathway: striatum -→ GPi/SN ...

See also:

Basal ganglia, Basal ganglia - History, Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions, Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming, Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters, Basal ganglia - Connections, Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

Read more here: » Basal ganglia: Encyclopedia II - Basal ganglia - Connections

On either side of the spinal cord run the sympathetic and para-sympathetic cords, a double chain of ganglia. Ganglia means a collection of nerve-cells. These constitute the Autonomic System which supplies nerves to the involuntary organs, such as heart, lungs, intestines, kidneys, liver, etc., and controls them.

Read more here: » Nadis: Para-Sympathetic And Sympathetic System

An autonomic ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies within the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic ganglia. Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and evokes the familiar fight-or-flight response when activated. Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic chain ganglia. The sympathetic chain ganglia are located just anterior to the spinal cord. Preganglionic nerves from the central n ...

Including:

• Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic ganglia
• Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic chain ganglia
• Autonomic ganglion - Collateral ganglia
• Autonomic ganglion - Parasympathetic ganglia
• Autonomic ganglion - Terminal ganglia

Read more here: » Autonomic ganglion: Encyclopedia - Autonomic ganglion

In medicine (neurology), bradykinesia denotes "slow movement" (etymology: brady = slow, kinesia = movement). It is a feature of a number of diseases, most notably Parkinson's disease and other disorders of the basal ganglia. Other related archivesParkinson's disease, basal ganglia, etymology, medicine, neurology

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The solar plexus, also known as the celiac plexus, plexus cœliacus or plexus solaris, is an autonomous cluster of nerve cells (see Plexus) in the human body behind the stomach and below the diaphragm near the celiac artery in the abdominal cavity. The solar plexus consists of two ganglia, called celiac ganglia, and a nerve network connecting the two ganglia. The solar plexus controls functions of the internal organs as for example adren ...

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Chromaffin cells are neuroendocrine cells found in the medulla of the adrenal gland and in other ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They are derived from the embryonic neural crest. These cells are so-named because they can be visualized by staining with chromium salts. Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are innervated by the splanchnic nerve and secrete adrenaline, noradrenaline, and enkephalin into the bloodstream. As such, they p ...

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White matter is one of the two main solid components of the central nervous system. It forms the bulk of the deep parts of the brain and the superficial parts of the spinal cord. Aggregates of grey matter such as the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens) and brain stem nuclei (red nucleus, substantia nigra, cranial nerve n ...

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Brain freeze, ice cream headache, freezie, or Frozen Brain Syndrome are terms used to describe a form of cranial pain or headache which human beings are known to sometimes experience after consuming cold beverages or foods such as ice cream, often as a result of rapid consumption. Brain freeze - Mechanism/cause. The reaction is triggered by the cold substance consumed coming into contact with the roof of the mouth. It irritates nerves in the region (sphenopalatine ganglia), caus ...

Including:

• Brain freeze - Mechanism/cause
• Brain freeze - Brain freeze in pop culture

Read more here: » Brain freeze: Encyclopedia - Brain freeze

In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for "in the head"), acts as the control center of the central nervous system. In most animals, the brain is located in the head close to the primary sensory apparatus and the mouth. While all vertebrate nervous systems have a brain, invertebrate nervous systems may have either a centralized brain or collections of individual ganglia. The brain is an extremely complex organ; for example, the human brain is a collection of 100 billion neurons, each linked with up to 25,000 others [1]. T ...

Including:

• Brain - Mind and brain
• Brain - History
• Brain - Modern neuroscience
• Brain - Comparative anatomy
• Brain - Invertebrates
• Brain - Vertebrates
• Brain - Neurobiology
• Brain - Histology
• Brain - Function
• Brain - Brain pathology
• Brain - The study of the brain
• Brain - Fields of study
• Brain - Methods of observation
• Brain - Other matters
• Brain - Brain as food

Read more here: » Brain: Encyclopedia - Brain

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system of the higher life forms that is not consciously controlled. It is commonly divided into two usually antagonistic subsystems: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls such vital functions as heart rate, dilation of the bronchioles and dilation and constriction of the pupil; the digestive tract is controlled almost completely by autonomic mechanisms. Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature. ...

Including:

• Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature
• Autonomic nervous system - Function
• Autonomic nervous system - Individual components
• Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics
• Autonomic nervous system - Connections with the Spinal Nerves
• Autonomic nervous system - Development

Read more here: » Autonomic nervous system: Encyclopedia - Autonomic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one half of the autonomic nervous system; the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is the other. Sympathetic nervous system - Function. The sympathetic nervous system activates what is often termed the "fight or flight response". This response is also known as sympathico-adrenal response of the body, as the pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibers that end in the adrenal medulla (but also all other sympathetic fibers) secrete acetylcholine, which activates t ...

Including:

• Sympathetic nervous system - Function
• Sympathetic nervous system - Organization
• Sympathetic nervous system - Information Transmission

Read more here: » Sympathetic nervous system: Encyclopedia - Sympathetic nervous system

Arvid Carlsson (b. January 25, 1923) is a Swedish scientist who is best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects in Parkinson's disease. Carlsson won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 along with co-recipients Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard. Carlsson was born in Uppsala, Sweden, son of Gottfrid Carlsson, historian and later professor of history at the University of Lund, where he began his medical education in 1941. Although Sweden was neutral during World War II, Carlsson's education ...

Including:

• Arvid Carlsson - External link

Read more here: » Arvid Carlsson: Encyclopedia - Arvid Carlsson

Bird song refers to the sounds, usually melodious to the human ear, made by many birds of the order Passeriformes as a form of communication. Animal song is not clearly defined in the scientific literature, though most investigators agree that it must have syllabic diversity and temporal regularity akin to the repetitive and transformative patterns which define music. Most song is emitted by male rather than female birds. The avian vocal organ is called the syrinx. The anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying the prod ...

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The central nervous system (CNS) represents the largest part of the nervous system. Together with the peripheral nervous system, it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior. Since the strong theoretical influence of cybernetics in the fifties, the CNS is conceived as a system devoted to information processing, where an appropriate motor output is computed as a response to a sensory input. Yet, many threads of research suggest that motor activity exists well before the maturation of the sensory systems and then, that the senses only influence behaviour without dictating it. This h ...

Including:

• Central nervous system - Parts of the CNS

Read more here: » Central nervous system: Encyclopedia - Central nervous system

The ventricular system is a set of structures in the brain continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. The system comprises four ventricles: right and left lateral ventricles, third ventricle, and fourth ventricle. Each ventricle contains a choroid plexus that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) used to bathe and cushion the brain and spinal cord within their bony confines. Ventricular system - Ventricles. There are four cerebral ventricles: the paired lateral ventricles and the third and fourth ve ...

Including:

• Ventricular system - Ventricles
• Ventricular system - Flow of cerebrospinal fluid
• Ventricular system - Protection of the brain
• Ventricular system - Role in disease
• Ventricular system - Embryology

Read more here: » Ventricular system: Encyclopedia - Ventricular system

The five individual nuclei that make up the primate basal ganglia are the striatum, external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and substantia nigra. Some of these nuclei may be further subdivided: for example, the striatum is separated into the putamen, caudate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens; the substantia nigra is generally divided into the pars compact ...

See also:

Basal ganglia, Basal ganglia - History, Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions, Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming, Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters, Basal ganglia - Connections, Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

Read more here: » Basal ganglia: Encyclopedia II - Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions

"Basal ganglia"-like areas are observed in the central nervous systems of many species. The striatal and pallidal components can be clearly identified in all amniotes (mammals, birds, and reptiles) and amphibians. The anatomical connections of these nuclei and their pharmacology also appear relatively conserved. Non-tetrapod vertebrates such as fish also display basal ganglia-like structures, although the data is less clear in this case. The names given to the various nuclei comprising the basal ganglia can vary greatly depending on s ...

See also:

Basal ganglia, Basal ganglia - History, Basal ganglia - Anatomical subdivisions, Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming, Basal ganglia - Neurotransmitters, Basal ganglia - Connections, Basal ganglia - Disorders linked with the basal ganglia

Read more here: » Basal ganglia: Encyclopedia II - Basal ganglia - Evolution and naming

Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and evokes the familiar fight-or-flight response when activated. Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic chain ganglia. The sympathetic chain ganglia are located just anterior to the spinal cord. Preganglionic nerves from the central nervous system synapse at one of the chain ganglia and the postganglionic fiber extends to an effector, typically a visceral organ in the thoracic cavity. ...

See also:

Autonomic ganglion, Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic ganglia, Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic chain ganglia, Autonomic ganglion - Collateral ganglia, Autonomic ganglion - Parasympathetic ganglia, Autonomic ganglion - Terminal ganglia

Read more here: » Autonomic ganglion: Encyclopedia II - Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic ganglia