Galwegian Gaelic

Gaelicization in Galloway and Carrick occurred at the expense of Old English and British. Old Irish can be traced in the Rhinns of Galloway from at least the fifth century. How it developed and spread is largely unknown. The Gaelicization of the land was complete probably by the eleventh century, although some have suggested a date as early as the beginning of the ninth century. The main problem is that this folk-movement is unrecorded in the historical sources, so it has to be reconstructed from things such as place-names. According to the ...

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Galwegian Gaelic, Galwegian Gaelic - History and extent, Galwegian Gaelic - Culture, Galwegian Gaelic - Relationships to other languages, Galwegian Gaelic - 1500 and after, Galwegian Gaelic - Modern influence, Galwegian Gaelic - Bibliography, Galwegian Gaelic - External link

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After centuries of persecution, prejudice and neglect, Gaelic has now achieved a degree of official recognition with the passage of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act. As well as being taught in schools, including some in which it is the medium of instruction, it is also used by the local council in the Western Isles, Comhairle nan Eilean. The BBC also operates a Gaelic language radio station Radio nan Gaidheal (which regularly transmits joint broadcasts with its Republic of Ireland counterpart Raidió na GaeltachtaSee also:

Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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After centuries of persecution, prejudice and neglect, Gaelic has now achieved a degree of official recognition with the passage of the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act. As well as being taught in schools, including some in which it is the medium of instruction, it is also used by the local council in the Western Isles, Comhairle nan Eilean. The BBC also operates a Gaelic language radio station Radio nan Gaidheal (which regularly transmits joint broadcasts with its Irish counterpart Raidió na Gaeltachta), and there ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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The modern Scottish Gaelic alphabet has 18 letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U The letter h, now mostly used to indicate lenition of a consonant, was not used in the oldest orthography, as lenition was instead indicated with a dot over the lenited consonant. Letters of the alphabet were traditionally named after trees: ailm (elm), beith (birch), coll (hazel), dair ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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Scottish Gaelic is an inflected language. Nouns indicate their relationships with a number of grammatical cases (nominative, vocative, genitive, and 'dative', so-termed in traditional grammars [better - 'post-prepositional' case]), and verbs are conjugated to indicate tense (simple tenses are past and future; compound tenses are continuous present, past, and future), mood (indicative, imperative, subjunctive), and voice (active, passive). Gaelic shares with other Celtic languages a number of interesting grammatical features: ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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1. In common with the rest of the UK. 2. No official anthem. God Save the Queen is traditionally the UK national anthem. See national symbols below. Scotland (Alba in Gaelic) is a nation in northwest Europe and a constituent country of the United Kingdom. The country occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain and shares a land border to the south with England and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the ...

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Gaelic is the traditional language of the Scotti or Gaels, and the historical language of the majority of Scotland. It is not clear how long Gaelic has been spoken in what is now Scotland; it has lately been proposed that it was spoken in Argyll before the Roman period, but no consensus has been reached on this question. However, the consolidation of the kingdom of Dalriada around the 4th century, linking Ulster and western Scotland, accelerated the expansion of Gaelic, as did the success of the Gaelic-speaking church establishment. Placenam ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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Gaelic is the traditional language of the Scotti or Gaels, and the historical language of the majority of Scotland. It is not clear how long Gaelic has been spoken in what is now Scotland; it has lately been proposed that it was spoken in Argyll before the Roman period, but no consensus has been reached on this question. However, the consolidation of the kingdom of Dalriada around the 4th century, linking the ancient province of Ulster in the north of Ireland and western Scotland, accelerated the expansion of Gaelic, as did the success of the Gaelic-speaking church establishment. Placename evidence shows that Gaelic was spoken ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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The 2001 UK Census showed a total of 58,652 Gaelic speakers in Scotland (1.2% of population over three years old). Compared to the 1991 Census, there has been a diminution of approximately 7,300 people (an 11% of the total), meaning that Gaelic decline in Scotland is continuing. Considering the data related to Civil Parishes (which permit a continuous study of Gaelic status since the 19th century), two new circumstances have taken place, which are related to this decline: No parish in Scotland has a proportion of Gaelic s ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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There are some Gaelic-speaking congregations in the Church of Scotland. The Church of Scotland - Eaglais na h-Alba in Gaelic - and some other denominations have some Gaelic-speaking congregations, notably in the Western Isles. Notable city congregations with regular services in Gaelic are St Columba's Church, Glasgow and Greyfriars Tolbooth & Highland Kirk, Edinburgh. Leabhar Sheirbheisean - a shorter Gaelic version of the English-language Book of Common Order - was published ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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Gaelic has a number of personal names, such as Aonghas, Dòmhnall, Donnchadh, Coinneach, Murchadh, for which there are traditional forms in English (Angus, Donald, Duncan, Kenneth, Murdo). There are also distinctly Scottish Gaelic forms of names that belong to the common European stock of given names, such as: Iain (John), Alasdair (Alexander), Uilleam (William), Caitrìona (Catherine), Cairistìona (Christina), Anna (Ann), Màiri (Mary). Some names have come into Gaelic from Old Norse, for example: Somhairle ( < Somarliðr), Tormod (< ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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Most letters are pronounced similarly to other European languages. The broad consonants t and d and often n have a dental articulation (as in Irish and the Romance and Slavic languages) in contrast to the alveolar articulation common in English and other Germanic languages). Non-palatal r is an alveolar trill (like Italian r or Spanish rr.) The "voiced" stops b, d, g are not voiced at all in Gaelic, but are rather voiceless unaspirated. The "voiceless" stops p, t ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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The majority of Scottish Gaelic's vocabulary is native Celtic. There is a number of borrowings from Latin, (muinntir, Didòmhnaich), ancient Greek, especially in the religious domain (eaglais, Bìoball from Ekklesia and Biblia), Norse (eilean, sgeir), Hebrew (Sàbaid, Aba) and Lowland Scots (briogais, aidh). In common with other Indo-European languages, the neologisms which are coined for modern concepts are typically based on Greek or Latin, although ...

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Scottish Gaelic language, Scottish Gaelic language - History, Scottish Gaelic language - Current distribution in Scotland, Scottish Gaelic language - Orthography, Scottish Gaelic language - Pronunciation, Scottish Gaelic language - Grammar, Scottish Gaelic language - Articles, Scottish Gaelic language - Official recognition, Scottish Gaelic language - Church, Scottish Gaelic language - Place names, Scottish Gaelic language - Personal names, Scottish Gaelic language - Loanwords

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It is believed that the first group of humans in Scotland appeared around 8,000 years ago. A group of permanent settlers began building villages on Scottish soil around 6,000 years ago. The written history of Scotland largely began with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. Part of southern Scotland was briefly, indirectly controlled by Rome. To the north was territory not conquered by the Romans—Caledonia, peopled by ...

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Scotland, Scotland - Etymology, Scotland - History, Scotland - Politics, Scotland - Law, Scotland - Subdivisions, Scotland - Geography, Scotland - Climate, Scotland - Economy, Scotland - Demographics, Scotland - Language, Scotland - Religion, Scotland - Education, Scotland - Culture, Scotland - Music, Scotland - Literature, Scotland - Sport, Scotland - Media, Scotland - Transport, Scotland - Scottish Inventions, Scotland - National symbols, Scotland - Gallery of Images

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Although Irish and Manx are often referred to as Irish Gaelic and Manx Gaelic — and it is correct to describe them as Goidelic or Gaelic languages — this is unnecessary because the words Irish and Manx only ever refer to these languages whereas Scots by itself refers to a Germanic language. The word Gaelic by itself is somewhat ambiguous, but most often refers to Scottish Gaelic and it is the word that Scottish Gaelic speakers themselves use when speaking English. Furthermore, due to the peculiar politics of language and national identit ...

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Goidelic languages, Goidelic languages - Nomenclature, Goidelic languages - Classification, Goidelic languages - History and range, Goidelic languages - Irish, Goidelic languages - Scottish, Goidelic languages - Manx, Goidelic languages - Other Celtic tongues, Goidelic languages - Mixed languages

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Some people in the north and west of Scotland and the Hebrides still speak Scottish Gaelic, but because of its minimal official recognition and because of large-scale emigration from those parts of Scotland, the language has been in decline. There are now believed to be approximately 1,000 native speakers of Scottish Gaelic in Nova Scotia and 60,000 in Scotland. Its historical range was much larger. For example, it was the everyday language of most of the rest of the Highlands until little more than a century ago. Galloway had also be ...

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Goidelic languages, Goidelic languages - Nomenclature, Goidelic languages - Classification, Goidelic languages - History and range, Goidelic languages - Irish, Goidelic languages - Scottish Gaelic, Goidelic languages - Manx, Goidelic languages - Other Celtic languages

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The written history of Scotland largely began with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. Much of Southern Scotland was indirectly controlled by Rome. To the north was territory not conquered by the Romans—Caledonia, peopled by the Picts, with the Scots of Dalriada in Argyll. Pictland became dominated by the Pictish sub-kingdom of Fortriu, but the Kingdom of Scotland is traditionally dated from 843, when Cináed mac Ai ...

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Scotland, Scotland - Etymology, Scotland - History, Scotland - Politics, Scotland - Law, Scotland - Subdivisions, Scotland - Geography, Scotland - Climate, Scotland - Economy, Scotland - Demographics, Scotland - Language, Scotland - Religion, Scotland - Education, Scotland - Culture, Scotland - Music, Scotland - Literature, Scotland - Sport, Scotland - Media, Scotland - National symbols, Scotland - Gallery of Images

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A number of bodies have been established to oversee the promotion of the regional languages: in Scotland, Bòrd na Gàidhlig oversees Scottish Gaelic. Foras na Gaeilge has an all-Ireland remit as a cross-border language body, and Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch is intended to fulfil a similar function for Ulster Scots, although hitherto it has mainly concerned itself with culture. In Wales, the Welsh Language Board has a statutory role in agreeing Welsh language plans with official bodies. Kesva an Taves Kernewek, the Cornish Language Board, has local g ...

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Languages in the United Kingdom, Languages in the United Kingdom - Statistics, Languages in the United Kingdom - Status, Languages in the United Kingdom - Controversies, Languages in the United Kingdom - Languages in the United Kingdom, Languages in the United Kingdom - Native, Languages in the United Kingdom - Immigrant, Languages in the United Kingdom - Historic, Languages in the United Kingdom - Other official languages, Languages in the United Kingdom - Languages of Channel Islands and Isle of Man

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Scots law is the law of Scotland. It is a unique system with ancient roots and has a basis in Roman law, combining features of both uncodified Civil law dating back to the Corpus Juris Civilis and common law with medieval sources. The terms of union with England in 1707, guaranteed the continued existence of a separate law system in Scotland from that of England and Wales. Formerly, there were several regional law systems in Scotland, one of which was the use of Udal Law in Orkney and Shetland, based on Old Norse Law, which for the most part was abolished in 1611. Various systems based on common Celtic or Brehon Laws also survived i ...

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Scotland, Scotland - Etymology, Scotland - History, Scotland - Politics, Scotland - Law, Scotland - Subdivisions, Scotland - Geography, Scotland - Climate, Scotland - Economy, Scotland - Demographics, Scotland - Language, Scotland - Religion, Scotland - Education, Scotland - Culture, Scotland - Music, Scotland - Literature, Scotland - Sport, Scotland - Media, Scotland - Transport, Scotland - Scottish Inventions, Scotland - National symbols, Scotland - Gallery of Images

Read more here: » Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Scotland - Law

As one of the constituent parts of the United Kingdom, the head of state in Scotland is the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952). Executive power is derived from the Queen, and exercised by the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster, and the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. The United Kingdom Parliament retains power over Scotland's taxes, social security system, defence, international relations and certain other areas. The Scottish Parliament has legislative authority for all other areas relating to Scotland, ...

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Scotland, Scotland - Etymology, Scotland - History, Scotland - Politics, Scotland - Law, Scotland - Subdivisions, Scotland - Geography, Scotland - Climate, Scotland - Economy, Scotland - Demographics, Scotland - Language, Scotland - Religion, Scotland - Education, Scotland - Culture, Scotland - Music, Scotland - Literature, Scotland - Sport, Scotland - Media, Scotland - Transport, Scotland - Scottish Inventions, Scotland - National symbols, Scotland - Gallery of Images

Read more here: » Scotland: Encyclopedia II - Scotland - Politics