Some radical political environmentalists who accept some form of the Gaia theory call themselves Gaians. They actively seek to restore the Earth's homeostasis - whenever they see it out of balance, e.g. to prevent manmade climate change, primate extinction, or rainforest loss. In effect, they seek to cooperate to 'become' the "system consciously manipulating to make conditions more conducive to life". Such activity 'defines' the homeostasis, but for leverage it relies on deep investigation of the homeorhetic balances, if only to find places to interven ...

See also:

Gaia philosophy, Gaia philosophy - Predecessors to the Gaia theory, Gaia philosophy - Range of views, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in biology and science, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in the social sciences, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in politics, Gaia philosophy - Semantic debate

Read more here: » Gaia philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Gaia philosophy - Gaia in politics

James Ephraim Lovelock (born July 26, 1919), FRS, is an independent scientist, author, researcher and environmentalist who lives in Cornwall, in the south west of Great Britain. He is most famous for proposing and popularizing the Gaia hypothesis, in which he postulates that the Earth functions as a kind of superorganism (a term coined by Lynn Margulis). James Lovelock - Life history. Lovelock was born in Letchworth Garden City. He studied chemistry at the University of Manchester before taking up a Medical ...

Including:

• James Lovelock - Life history
• James Lovelock - Professional career
• James Lovelock - Controversy
• James Lovelock - Gaia
• James Lovelock - Nuclear Power
• James Lovelock - Books

Read more here: » James Lovelock: Encyclopedia - James Lovelock

Kirlian Photography can be used to show how chiropractic influences the flow of energy thru the body after treatment. Research presented by Michael Courtney.

Read more here: » Kirlian Photography: Chiropractic and Kirlian Photography - Viewing the Body's Energy Flow

Sri Aurobindo's insight and analysis of evolution are now part of the scientific and cultural landscape. But few scientists and artists know his evolutionary theories that are being proved true by modern science.

While probing frontiers of science, physicists have discovered the limitation of the Newtonian mechanistic model at the level of galaxies and electrons. These discoveries have no doubt given the first glimmering of the new paradigm that matter and consciousness are the primary forces in the universe.

(See also: Sri Aurobindo , Spiritual Guidance, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Sri Aurobindo: Evolutionary Ideas Of Sri Aurobindo  

James Lovelock - Gaia. While the Gaia Hypothesis was readily accepted by many in the environmentalist community, it has not been fully accepted within the scientific community. Among its more famous critics are Richard Dawkins and Ford Doolittle, and a detailed description of disputes surrounding it can be found here. Briefly, critics point out that since natural selection operates on individuals, it is not obvious how planetary-scale homeostasis can evolve. Lovelock has countered with models such as Daisyworld, ...

See also:

James Lovelock, James Lovelock - Life history, James Lovelock - Professional career, James Lovelock - Controversy, James Lovelock - Gaia, James Lovelock - Nuclear Power, James Lovelock - Books

Read more here: » James Lovelock: Encyclopedia II - James Lovelock - Controversy

Lovelock was born in Letchworth Garden City. He studied chemistry at the University of Manchester before taking up a Medical Research Council post at the Institute for Medical Research in London. In 1948 he received a Ph.D. in medicine at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Within the United States he has conducted research at Yale, Baylor University College of Medicine, and Harvard University. ...

See also:

James Lovelock, James Lovelock - Life history, James Lovelock - Professional career, James Lovelock - Controversy, James Lovelock - Gaia, James Lovelock - Nuclear Power, James Lovelock - Books

Read more here: » James Lovelock: Encyclopedia II - James Lovelock - Life history

Gaia, Gaea, Ge (Greek) (cf Latin Tellus, Terra earth)

One of the older gods, described as the first being that sprang from Chaos and as giving birth to Uranos (heaven) and Pontos (sea); yet it was by Uranos that Gaia gave birth to the titans, cyclopes, and hecatoncheires. This apparent anomaly is due partly to the variable meaning of the word earth, which may mean either primordial matter in process of formation, or the earth as already formed.

Gaia is thus in one sense equivalent to Aditi or the great cosmic deep. With Chaos and Eros, Gaia forms the primeval trinity. Gaia is represented by its initial, gamma, which is also the third letter in the Greek alphabet and thus indicates the third stage of cosmic evolution. As the primordial mother, she was worshiped as the nourisher of all things, also as the goddess of death to whom all must return.

(See also: Gaia, Gaea, Ge , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

For more dictionary entries, see » Gaia Hypothesis Dictionary

A dictionary of parapsychology. Please note that words in grey are hyperlinked to a corresponding archive with articles related to that particular topic.

For more dictionary entries, see » Gaia Hypothesis Dictionary

The origins of biological conservation can be traced to philosophical and religious beliefs about Man as a full part of Nature: Taoist and Shintoist philosophies encourage recognition of special sites, allowing spiritual experiments. Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism, grant a sacred value to animals. Primitive religions also recognize sacred values to sites such as forests, lakes, mountains. Islam recognizes each species as its own "nation", and an obligation of man to khalifa, or "stewardship" of the Earth. Specific conservation m ...

See also:

Conservation ethic, Conservation ethic - Introduction, Conservation ethic - Usage of term, Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation, Conservation ethic - Romantic-Transcendental, Conservation ethic - Resource Conservation, Conservation ethic - Evolutionary-Ecological, Conservation ethic - External link

Read more here: » Conservation ethic: Encyclopedia II - Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation

History of ecology - The botanical geography and Alexander von Humboldt. Throughout the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, the great maritime powers such as Britain, Spain, and Portugal launched many world exploratory expeditions to develop maritime commerce with other countries, and to discover new natural resources, as well as to catalog them. At the beginning of the 18th century, about twenty thousand plant species were known, vers ...

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History of ecology, History of ecology - 18th and 19th century ~ Ecological murmurs, History of ecology - The botanical geography and Alexander von Humboldt, History of ecology - The notion of biocoenosis: Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace, History of ecology - Early 20th century ~ Expansion of ecological thought, History of ecology - The biosphere - Eduard Suess Henry Chandler Cowles and Vladimir Vernadsky, History of ecology - The ecosystem: Arthur Tansley, History of ecology - Ecological Succession - Henry Chandler Cowles, History of ecology - Human ecology, History of ecology - Modern ecology comes of age, History of ecology - James Lovelock and the Gaia hypothesis, History of ecology - Conservation and environmental movements, History of ecology - Ecology and global policy

Read more here: » History of ecology: Encyclopedia II - History of ecology - 18th and 19th century ~ Ecological murmurs

The coexistence of the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of water on Earth is vital to the origin, evolution, and continued existence of life on Earth. However, if the Earth's location in the solar system were even marginally closer or further from the Sun (ie, a million miles or so), the conditions which allow the three forms to be present simultaneously would be far less likely to exist. Earth's mass allows gravity to hold an atmosphere. Water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere provides a greenhouse effect which helps mainta ...

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Water, Water - Molecular properties, Water - Forms of water, Water - Water in biology and human civilization, Water - Astronomical position of Earth and impact on its water, Water - Human uses of water, Water - Water as a precious resource, Water - Regulating water distribution, Water - The impact of water on religion and philosophy

Read more here: » Water: Encyclopedia II - Water - Astronomical position of Earth and impact on its water

Ecology has shown us that ecosystems exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium, and can absorb only limited change by humans, or any environmental actor. Environmentalists contend that massive human economic activity has pushed the biosphere far from homeostasis through reduction of biodiversity and climate change. A consequence of this analysis is that the prevailing ideology of western civilisation is leading to mass extinction. This has prompted the need for new philosophical paradigms, such as deep ecology, which can guide human ...

See also:

Deep ecology, Deep ecology - Development, Deep ecology - Scientific, Deep ecology - Spiritual, Deep ecology - Experiential, Deep ecology - Principles, Deep ecology - Movement, Deep ecology - Criticisms, Deep ecology - Deep ecology is misanthropy, Deep ecology - Deepness, Deep ecology - Ecofeminist response, Deep ecology - Misunderstanding scientific information, Deep ecology - Interests in nature, Deep ecology - Deep ecology as not deep enough, Deep ecology - Socially Biased, Deep ecology - Notable advocates of deep ecology, Deep ecology - Notes

Read more here: » Deep ecology: Encyclopedia II - Deep ecology - Development

Hesiod's Theogony (116ff) tells how, after Chaos, arose broad-breasted Gaia the everlasting foundation of the gods of Olympus. She brought forth Uranus, the starry sky, her equal, to cover her, the hills, and the fruitless deep of the Sea, Pontus, "without sweet union of love," out of her own self. But afterwards, Hesiod tells, she lay with Uranus and bore the World-Ocean Oceanus, Coeus and Crius and the Titans Hyperion and Iapetus, Theia and Rhea, Themis and Mnemosyne and Phoebe of the golden crown and lovely Tethys. "After them was born Cronos the wily, youngest and most te ...

See also:

Gaia mythology, Gaia mythology - In Greek mythology, Gaia mythology - Gaia in Neopaganism, Gaia mythology - Family tree, Gaia mythology - Interpretations, Gaia mythology - In other cultures, Gaia mythology - In modern ecological theory, Gaia mythology - In popular culture

Read more here: » Gaia mythology: Encyclopedia II - Gaia mythology - In Greek mythology

Some sources, such as authors Marijas Gimbutas and Barbara Walker, claim that Gaia as the Mother Earth is a later form of a pre-Indo-European Great Mother who had been venerated in Neolithic times, but this point is controversial in the academic community. Belief in a nurturing Earth Mother is a feature of modern Neopagan "Goddess" worship, which is typically linked by practitioners of this religion to the Neolithic goddess theo ...

See also:

Gaia mythology, Gaia mythology - In Greek mythology, Gaia mythology - Gaia in Neopaganism, Gaia mythology - Family tree, Gaia mythology - Interpretations, Gaia mythology - In other cultures, Gaia mythology - In modern ecological theory, Gaia mythology - In popular culture

Read more here: » Gaia mythology: Encyclopedia II - Gaia mythology - Interpretations

Many modern Neopagans, particularly Hellenistic Neopagan sects in the United States, actively worship Gaia. Beliefs regarding Gaia vary, ranging from the common Wiccan belief that Gaia is the Earth (or in some cases the spiritual embodiment of the earth, or the Goddess of the Earth), to the broader Neopagan belief that Gaia is the goddess of all creation, a Mother Goddess from which all other gods spring. Gaia is sometimes thought to embody the planets and the Earth, and sometimes thought to embody the entire universe. Worship of Gaia ...

See also:

Gaia mythology, Gaia mythology - In Greek mythology, Gaia mythology - Gaia in Neopaganism, Gaia mythology - Family tree, Gaia mythology - Interpretations, Gaia mythology - In other cultures, Gaia mythology - In modern ecological theory, Gaia mythology - In popular culture

Read more here: » Gaia mythology: Encyclopedia II - Gaia mythology - Gaia in Neopaganism

The multi-regional hypothesis was originally developed from the fossil evidence, but more recent work has focused on molecular data, in which DNA is sequenced. In particular, work has been done with non-recombining DNA such as mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. In 2001 a team of Chinese scientists wrote: "all Y-chromosome samples from China, with no exception, were originally derived from a lineage of African origin. Hence, we conclude that even a very minor contribution of in situ hominid origin in China cannot be support ...

See also:

Multiregional hypothesis, Multiregional hypothesis - Recent evidence, Multiregional hypothesis - Proponents of multiregionalism, Multiregional hypothesis - Pre-modern non-sapiens hominids

Read more here: » Multiregional hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Multiregional hypothesis - Recent evidence

In many people’s minds, the ETH is linked to the mass interest in UFO’s which began in the late 1940’s. For example, literature professor Terry Matheson writes that "sightings of unidentifiable lights the sky had been taking place for centuries, but only after Kenneth Arnold’s ‘flying saucer’ sighting on June 24, 1947, near Mt. Rainier, Washington, were they explicitly theorized to be extraterr ...

See also:

Extraterrestrial hypothesis, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Arguments Against and For, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Against, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Arguments For, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - History, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Pre 1900's, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Mystery Airships, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Charles Fort, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Post-Arnold ETH Ideas, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Chronological List of Notable Quotes and Studies Supporting ETH, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - UFO/Alien Organizations, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Sources

Read more here: » Extraterrestrial hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Extraterrestrial hypothesis - History

Though not specifically linked to flying saucers or odd aerial lights, it's perhaps worth noting that there is a long history of claims of contact with non-earthly intelligences. As early as the 1700's, people like Emanuel Swedenborg were claiming to be in contact with inhabitants of other planets; Helena Blavatsky and others would later make similar claims. Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Mystery Airships. In the late 1800’s there was a wave of mystery airship reports across the United States. Some accoun ...

See also:

Extraterrestrial hypothesis, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Arguments Against and For, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Against, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Arguments For, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - History, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Pre 1900's, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Mystery Airships, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Charles Fort, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Post-Arnold ETH Ideas, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Chronological List of Notable Quotes and Studies Supporting ETH, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - UFO/Alien Organizations, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Sources

Read more here: » Extraterrestrial hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Pre 1900's

A dictionary of parapsychology. Please note that words in grey are hyperlinked to a corresponding archive with articles related to that particular topic.

For more dictionary entries, see » Gaia Hypothesis Dictionary

Charles Fort was another who suggested that odd aerial phenomena might have extraterrestrial origins. He wrote four popular books in the early 1900’s, collecting from newspapers and scientific journals all manner of strange reports which, Fort argued, were ignored or marginalized by mainstream science. Fort occasionally suggested that extraterrestrials were responsible for a wide variety of events: Inexplicable artifacts, mysterious disappearances (and strange appearances), and bizarre lights reported in the sky or in the oceans. Je ...

See also:

Extraterrestrial hypothesis, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Arguments Against and For, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Against, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Arguments For, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - History, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Pre 1900's, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Mystery Airships, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Charles Fort, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Post-Arnold ETH Ideas, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Chronological List of Notable Quotes and Studies Supporting ETH, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - UFO/Alien Organizations, Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Sources

Read more here: » Extraterrestrial hypothesis: Encyclopedia II - Extraterrestrial hypothesis - Charles Fort

To conserve habitat in terrestrial ecoregions and stop deforestation is a goal widely shared by many groups with a wide variety of motivations. These issues and groups are covered in their own articles. To protect sea life from extinction due to overfishing is another commonly stated goal of conservation - ensuring that "some will be available for our children" to continue a way of life. The consumer conservation ethic is best expressed by the four R's: Reduce ...

See also:

Conservation ethic, Conservation ethic - Introduction, Conservation ethic - Usage of term, Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation, Conservation ethic - Romantic-Transcendental, Conservation ethic - Resource Conservation, Conservation ethic - Evolutionary-Ecological, Conservation ethic - External link

Read more here: » Conservation ethic: Encyclopedia II - Conservation ethic - Introduction

Further experiments, conducted as new methods were developed (particularly the ability to use PET scanning to examine drug action in the brain of living patients) challenged the view that the amount of dopamine blocking was correlated with clinical benefit. These studies showed that some patients had over 90% of their D2 receptors blocked by antipsychotic drugs, but showed little reduction in their psychoses, suggesting that dopamine overactivity was not a complete explanation. Similarly, a new generation of antipsychotic d ...

See also:

Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia - Evidence for the dopamine hypothesis, Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia - Evidence against the dopamine hypothesis

Read more here: » Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: Encyclopedia II - Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia - Evidence against the dopamine hypothesis