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Gagauz | A Wisdom Archive on Gagauz | | Gagauz A selection of articles related to Gagauz | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Gagauz | | | |  Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet periodAfter the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Declaration of Rights of Peoples of Russia encouraged the various nationalities in the Russian Empire to gain their independence, Moldova became an independent Republic on December 2, 1917. On the request of the new Moldovan administration ("Sfatul tării"), on December 13, Romanian troops entered Bessarabia. On March 27, 1918 there was a vote for the unification with Romania.
After the creation of the Soviet Union in December 1922, the Soviet government moved in 1924 to establish the Molda ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions Main article: Magnate wars in Moldavia
In the beginning of the 17th century, magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Ottomans for dominance over the territory. Eventually, Poland renouced any claims to Moldavia in the 1610s.
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See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions |
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| | | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Physical appearance Some historians consider "Turkic" as a linguistic categorization, rather than a strictly ethnic characterization. This is unsurprising, since Turkic peoples often differ greatly from one another in physical appearance, reflecting the abundant migrations, conquests and settlements across Eurasia. Therefore, the already considerable problems involved in any racial classification are made much more difficult in the case of the Turks.
The majority of Turkic peoples, from former Ottoman lands to western China, and from the Siberian plains ...
See also:Turkic peoples, Turkic peoples - Geographical Distribution, Turkic peoples - Turkic Roots, Turkic peoples - Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - Traditions About Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - History, Turkic peoples - Language, Turkic peoples - Religion, Turkic peoples - Geographical distribution and ethnic division, Turkic peoples - Physical appearance, Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism, Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk Read more here: » Turkic peoples: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Physical appearance |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control The territory stayed within the USSR after WWII as the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and the state had a brutal denationalization policy toward the native Romanian population. The Soviets massacred, imprisoned, and deported to Siberia almost a million innocent people whose "crime" was just trying to change the population structure of Moldova. Secret police struck at nationalist groups; the Cyrillic alphabet was imposed on the "Moldavian" language; and ethnic Russians and Ukrainians were encouraged to immigrate to the Moldavian SSR, esp ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Independence During the 1991 August coup d'état in Moscow against Mikhail Gorbachev, commanders of the Soviet Union's Southwestern Theater of Military Operations tried to impose a state of emergency in Moldova. They were overruled by the Moldovan government, which declared its support for Russian president Boris Yeltsin, who led the counter-coup in Moscow. On 27 August 1991, following the coup's collapse, Moldo ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Independence |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria In August the Gagauz declared a separate "Gagauz Republic" (Gagauz-Yeri) in the south, around the city of Comrat. In September the people on the east bank of the Nistru River (with mostly Slavic population) proclaimed the "Dnestr Moldavian Republic" (commonly called the "Dnestr Republic") in Transnistria, with its capital at Tiraspol. Although the Supreme Soviet immediately declared these declarations null, both "republics" went on to hold elections. Stepan T ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression In this climate of openness, political self-assertion escalated in the Moldavian SSR in 1988. The year 1989 saw the formation of the Moldovan Popular Front (commonly called the Popular Front), an association of independent cultural and political groups that had finally gained official recognition. Large demonstrations by ethnic Romanians led to the designation of Romanian as the official language and the replacement of the head of the CPM. However, opposition was growing to the increasing influence of ethnic Romanians, especially in Transnis ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Dobruja - Ancient times Main article: Scythia Minor
The region was inhabited from early times by Getae-Dacians. In the 7th and 6th centuries BC several Greek colonies were founded, including Tomis (present-day Constanţa), Histria, Callatis, Dionysopolis, and Olbia, to facilitate trade with the local inhabitants.
In 480 BC the Thracians from the south extended their rule over Dobruja. In 339 BC it was conquered by Alexander the Great and brought under Macedonian rule, although their control weakened after his death. The Getae king Dromichaetes successfully defended Dobruja during two campaigns by Lysimachus, ...
See also:History of Dobruja, History of Dobruja - Ancient times, History of Dobruja - Medieval age, History of Dobruja - Modern age Read more here: » History of Dobruja: Encyclopedia II - History of Dobruja - Ancient times |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Nomenclature In modern Turkey, a distinction is made between "Turks" and the "Turkic peoples": the term Türk corresponds specifically to Turkish people and culture, while the term Türki refers generally to modern Turkic peoples and cultures.
Some claim that this distinction is an artificial one, and one not made by speakers of Turkic languages elsewhere. It is sometimes claimed further that much of the separation is the result of Stalinism, and that prior to the founding of the Soviet Union, the term "Turkish" had been used to desc ...
See also:Turkic peoples, Turkic peoples - Geographical Distribution, Turkic peoples - Turkic Roots, Turkic peoples - Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - Traditions About Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - History, Turkic peoples - Language, Turkic peoples - Religion, Turkic peoples - Geographical distribution and ethnic division, Turkic peoples - Physical appearance, Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism, Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk Read more here: » Turkic peoples: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Nomenclature |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - X
/Xam
Xhosa
Xiang, (Hunanese) or (Hsiang)
Xibe
!Xóõ
!Xu (!Kung) (Khoisan)
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See also:List of languages, List of languages - A, List of languages - B, List of languages - C, List of languages - D, List of languages - E, List of languages - F, List of languages - G, List of languages - H, List of languages - I, List of languages - J, List of languages - K, List of languages - L, List of languages - M, List of languages - N, List of languages - O, List of languages - P, List of languages - Q, List of languages - R, List of languages - S, List of languages - T, List of languages - U, List of languages - V, List of languages - W, List of languages - X, List of languages - Y, List of languages - Z Read more here: » List of languages: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - X |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - W
Waddar
Wakhi (Iranian)
Walloon (Romance)
Waneci
Wapishana
Waray-Waray
Washo
Welsh (Celtic)
West Yurghur
Western Neo-Aramaic (Semitic)
Weyto
Wolof
Wotapuri-katarqalai
Wu (Chinese)
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See also:List of languages, List of languages - A, List of languages - B, List of languages - C, List of languages - D, List of languages - E, List of languages - F, List of languages - G, List of languages - H, List of languages - I, List of languages - J, List of languages - K, List of languages - L, List of languages - M, List of languages - N, List of languages - O, List of languages - P, List of languages - Q, List of languages - R, List of languages - S, List of languages - T, List of languages - U, List of languages - V, List of languages - W, List of languages - X, List of languages - Y, List of languages - Z Read more here: » List of languages: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - W |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Greek encodings A variety of encodings have been used for Greek online, many of them documented in RFC 1947 "Greek Character Encoding for Electronic Mail Messages".
The two principal ones still used today are ISO/IEC 8859-7 and Unicode. ISO 8859-7 supports only monotonic orthography; Unicode supports polytonic orthography.
Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode.
Unicode supports polytonic orthography well enough for ordinary continuous text in modern and ancient Greek, and even many archaic forms for epigraphy. With the ...
See also:Greek alphabet, Greek alphabet - Main table, Greek alphabet - Letter combinations and diphthongs, Greek alphabet - Ligatures, Greek alphabet - History, Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages, Greek alphabet - Greek encodings, Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode, Greek alphabet - Bibliography, Greek alphabet - Special characters Read more here: » Greek alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Greek encodings |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - Y
Yaaku language
Yaeyama language
Yakut
Yankunytjatjara language
Yanomami
Yanyuwa language
Yapese
Yaqui language
Yauma language
Yazdi (Iranian)
Yemenite Hebrew language (Semitic)
Yeni language
Yevanic language
Yi language
Yiddish (Germanic)
Yokutsan languages
Yonaguni language
Yorùbá language
Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec Maya Sign Language
Yuch ...
See also:List of languages, List of languages - A, List of languages - B, List of languages - C, List of languages - D, List of languages - E, List of languages - F, List of languages - G, List of languages - H, List of languages - I, List of languages - J, List of languages - K, List of languages - L, List of languages - M, List of languages - N, List of languages - O, List of languages - P, List of languages - Q, List of languages - R, List of languages - S, List of languages - T, List of languages - U, List of languages - V, List of languages - W, List of languages - X, List of languages - Y, List of languages - Z Read more here: » List of languages: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - Y |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - Z
Only some major languages are listed here. See List of languages by name: Z for about 50 more.
Záparo (Saparoan)
Zapotec (Oto-Manguean)
Zazaki (Iranian)
Zenzontepec (Oto-Manguean)
Zhuang
Zoque (Mixe-Zoquean)
Zulu (Niger-Congo)
Zuni
Zway
...
See also:List of languages, List of languages - A, List of languages - B, List of languages - C, List of languages - D, List of languages - E, List of languages - F, List of languages - G, List of languages - H, List of languages - I, List of languages - J, List of languages - K, List of languages - L, List of languages - M, List of languages - N, List of languages - O, List of languages - P, List of languages - Q, List of languages - R, List of languages - S, List of languages - T, List of languages - U, List of languages - V, List of languages - W, List of languages - X, List of languages - Y, List of languages - Z Read more here: » List of languages: Encyclopedia II - List of languages - Z |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Moldova - Relations with Romania and the European Union Moldova's relationship with Romania, which is set to become a European Union (EU) member in 2007, has also been strained, with Moldova publicly making various accusations against Romania. The prospect of union with Romania is constantly an issue, though certainly not an imminent prospect as of 2005. In September 2005, President of Moldova Voronin met Romanian President Traian Băsescu and he declared textually "We go with Romania until the end" meaning that Romanians and ...
See also:Republic of Moldova, Republic of Moldova - History, Republic of Moldova - National symbols, Republic of Moldova - Flag, Republic of Moldova - Currency, Republic of Moldova - Ştefan cel Mare, Republic of Moldova - Dimitrie Cantemir, Republic of Moldova - Politics, Republic of Moldova - Relations with Romania and the European Union, Republic of Moldova - Administrative divisions, Republic of Moldova - Geography, Republic of Moldova - Largest cities, Republic of Moldova - Economy, Republic of Moldova - Demographics, Republic of Moldova - Language, Republic of Moldova - Comparison with Romanian, Republic of Moldova - Information Technologies and Telecommunications, Republic of Moldova - Culture, Republic of Moldova - Tourism in Moldova, Republic of Moldova - Miscellaneous topics, Republic of Moldova - Maps, Republic of Moldova - Gallery, Republic of Moldova - International rankings Read more here: » Republic of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Moldova - Relations with Romania and the European Union |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Moldova - Politics Main article: Politics of Moldova
The unicameral Moldovan parliament, or Parlament, has 101 seats, and its members are elected by popular vote every 4 years. The parliament then elects a president, who functions as the head of state. The president appoints a prime minister as head of government who in turn assembles a cabinet, both subject to parliamentary approval.
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM) (45.98% votes, 56 mandates)
Electoral Bloc “Moldova Democrata” (BMD) (28.53% votes, 34 mandates)
Christian Democratic People ...
See also:Republic of Moldova, Republic of Moldova - History, Republic of Moldova - National symbols, Republic of Moldova - Flag, Republic of Moldova - Currency, Republic of Moldova - Ştefan cel Mare, Republic of Moldova - Dimitrie Cantemir, Republic of Moldova - Politics, Republic of Moldova - Relations with Romania and the European Union, Republic of Moldova - Administrative divisions, Republic of Moldova - Geography, Republic of Moldova - Largest cities, Republic of Moldova - Economy, Republic of Moldova - Demographics, Republic of Moldova - Language, Republic of Moldova - Comparison with Romanian, Republic of Moldova - Information Technologies and Telecommunications, Republic of Moldova - Culture, Republic of Moldova - Tourism in Moldova, Republic of Moldova - Miscellaneous topics, Republic of Moldova - Maps, Republic of Moldova - Gallery, Republic of Moldova - International rankings Read more here: » Republic of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Moldova - Politics |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Moldova - National symbols
Republic of Moldova - Flag.
The Moldovan flag is similar to the flag of Romania, with the same color, but with the addition of a coat of arms, expressing the link between the same nation.
Republic of Moldova - Currency.
The currency of Moldova, the leu (plural: lei) has the same name as the currency of Romania. The name means "lion".
...
See also:Republic of Moldova, Republic of Moldova - History, Republic of Moldova - National symbols, Republic of Moldova - Flag, Republic of Moldova - Currency, Republic of Moldova - Ştefan cel Mare, Republic of Moldova - Dimitrie Cantemir, Republic of Moldova - Politics, Republic of Moldova - Relations with Romania and the European Union, Republic of Moldova - Administrative divisions, Republic of Moldova - Geography, Republic of Moldova - Largest cities, Republic of Moldova - Economy, Republic of Moldova - Demographics, Republic of Moldova - Language, Republic of Moldova - Comparison with Romanian, Republic of Moldova - Information Technologies and Telecommunications, Republic of Moldova - Culture, Republic of Moldova - Tourism in Moldova, Republic of Moldova - Miscellaneous topics, Republic of Moldova - Maps, Republic of Moldova - Gallery, Republic of Moldova - International rankings Read more here: » Republic of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - Republic of Moldova - National symbols |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages The primary use of the Greek alphabet has always been to write the Greek language and related dialects (including Ancient Macedonian). However, at various times and in various places, it has also been used to write other languages.
Early examples:
Some Narbonese Gaulish inscriptions in southern France use the Greek alphabet (c300 BC).
The Hebrew text of the Bible was written in Greek in Origen's He ...
See also:Greek alphabet, Greek alphabet - Main table, Greek alphabet - Letter combinations and diphthongs, Greek alphabet - Ligatures, Greek alphabet - History, Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages, Greek alphabet - Greek encodings, Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode, Greek alphabet - Bibliography, Greek alphabet - Special characters Read more here: » Greek alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Russia - Main cities Moscow is the largest city (population 10.1 million) and is the capital of the Federation. Moscow continues to be the center of Russian Government and is increasingly important as an economic and business center. Its cultural tradition is rich, and there are many museums devoted to art, literature, music, dance, history, and science. It has hundreds of churches and dozens of notable cathedrals; it has become Russia's principa ...
See also:Demographics of Russia, Demographics of Russia - Population, Demographics of Russia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Russia - Gradient, Demographics of Russia - Languages, Demographics of Russia - Religion, Demographics of Russia - Education, Demographics of Russia - Labor force, Demographics of Russia - Health, Demographics of Russia - Main cities Read more here: » Demographics of Russia: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Russia - Main cities |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion The region's principal nationalities include Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Turks (9.2 million in the European part of Turkey), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonian Slavs (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries have a smaller or l ...
See also:Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - History and geopolitical significance The Balkan region was the first area of Europe to experience the arrival of farming cultures in the Neolithic era. The practices of growing grain and raising livestock arrived in the Balkans from the Fertile Crescent by way of Anatolia, and spread west and north into Pannonia and Central Europe.
In pre-classical and classical antiquity, this region was home to Greeks, Illyrians, Paeonians, Thracians, and other ancient groups. Later the Roman Empire conquered most of the region and spread Roman culture and the Latin language but signif ...
See also:Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - History and geopolitical significance |
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