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Gagauz | A Wisdom Archive on Gagauz | | Gagauz A selection of articles related to Gagauz | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Gagauz | | | | |  Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-TurkismSome refer to the Turkic countries, regions and peoples as part of the Turkish World. Others are worried that this is a result and example of Pan-Turkism, claimed to encourage hegemonial or even imperialistic aims of modern day Turkey. However, this may not be the case as many claim that Pan-Turkism is supported widely outside Turkey. Turkey's official stance as a nation state does not support Pan-Turkism - though it does not reject it either.
Proponents of the concept point out that in similar fashion, many Arabs also feel to be part ...
See also:Turkic peoples, Turkic peoples - Geographical Distribution, Turkic peoples - Turkic Roots, Turkic peoples - Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - Traditions About Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - History, Turkic peoples - Language, Turkic peoples - Religion, Turkic peoples - Geographical distribution and ethnic division, Turkic peoples - Physical appearance, Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism, Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk Read more here: » Turkic peoples: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages The primary use of the Greek alphabet has always been to write the Greek language and related dialects (including Ancient Macedonian). However, at various times and in various places, it has also been used to write other languages.
Early examples:
Some Narbonese Gaulish inscriptions in southern France use the Greek alphabet (c300 BC).
The Hebrew text of the Bible was written in Greek in Origen's He ...
See also:Greek alphabet, Greek alphabet - Main table, Greek alphabet - Obsolete letters, Greek alphabet - Letter combinations and diphthongs, Greek alphabet - Ligatures, Greek alphabet - History, Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages, Greek alphabet - Greek encodings, Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode, Greek alphabet - Bibliography, Greek alphabet - Special characters Read more here: » Greek alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Greek encodings A variety of encodings have been used for Greek online, many of them documented in RFC 1947 "Greek Character Encoding for Electronic Mail Messages".
The two principal ones still used today are ISO/IEC 8859-7 and Unicode. ISO 8859-7 supports only monotonic orthography; Unicode supports polytonic orthography.
Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode.
Unicode supports polytonic orthography well enough for ordinary continuous text in modern and ancient Greek, and even many archaic forms for epigraphy. With the ...
See also:Greek alphabet, Greek alphabet - Main table, Greek alphabet - Obsolete letters, Greek alphabet - Letter combinations and diphthongs, Greek alphabet - Ligatures, Greek alphabet - History, Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages, Greek alphabet - Greek encodings, Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode, Greek alphabet - Bibliography, Greek alphabet - Special characters Read more here: » Greek alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Greek encodings |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Main table The Greek letters and their derivations are as follows (pronunciations transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet):
For details and different transliteration systems see Transliteration of Greek into English.
Some of the letters had different pronunciations in pre-classical times or in non-Attic dialects. For details, see History of the Greek alphabet.
Greek alphabet - Obsolete letters.
The following letters are not part of the standard Greek alphabet, but were in use in pre-classical times or in certain dialects. The letters digamma, qoppa ...
See also:Greek alphabet, Greek alphabet - Main table, Greek alphabet - Obsolete letters, Greek alphabet - Letter combinations and diphthongs, Greek alphabet - Ligatures, Greek alphabet - History, Greek alphabet - Use of the Greek alphabet for other languages, Greek alphabet - Greek encodings, Greek alphabet - Greek in Unicode, Greek alphabet - Bibliography, Greek alphabet - Special characters Read more here: » Greek alphabet: Encyclopedia II - Greek alphabet - Main table |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Sounds One characteristic feature of Turkish is vowel harmony, meaning that the same word will have either front or back vowels, but not both. For example, in vişne "sour cherry" i is close unround front and e is open unround front. Stress is usually on the last syllable, with the exception of some suffix combinations and words like masa ['masa].
Turkish language - Consonants.
The phoneme /ɣ/ usually refered to as "soft g", "ğ" i ...
See also:Turkish language, Turkish language - Classification, Turkish language - Geographic distribution, Turkish language - Official status, Turkish language - Dialects, Turkish language - Sounds, Turkish language - Consonants, Turkish language - Vowels, Turkish language - Grammar, Turkish language - Vocabulary, Turkish language - Replaced old words, Turkish language - Writing system, Turkish language - The language in daily life Read more here: » Turkish language: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Sounds |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Geographic distribution Turkish is spoken in Turkey and by minorities in 35 other countries. In particular, Turkish is used in countries that formerly (in whole or part) belonged to the Ottoman Empire, such as Bulgaria, Romania, the former Yugoslavia (specifically in the Serbian province of Kosovo and Metohija on a local level), and the Republic of Macedonia. About two million Turkish speaking people live in Germany.
...
See also:Turkish language, Turkish language - Classification, Turkish language - Geographic distribution, Turkish language - Official status, Turkish language - Dialects, Turkish language - Sounds, Turkish language - Consonants, Turkish language - Vowels, Turkish language - Grammar, Turkish language - Vocabulary, Turkish language - Replaced old words, Turkish language - Writing system, Turkish language - The language in daily life Read more here: » Turkish language: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Geographic distribution |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Classification Turkish is a member of the Turkish family of languages, which includes Gagauz, and Khorasani Turkish in addition to Osmanli Turkish. The Turkish family is a subgroup of the Oghuz languages, themselves a subgroup of the Turkic languages, which most linguists believe to be member of an Altaic language family.
Like Finnish and Hungarian, Turkish has vowel harmony, is agglutinative and has no grammatical gender. Word order is usually Subject Object Verb. Turkish has a T-V distinction: second-person plural form ...
See also:Turkish language, Turkish language - Classification, Turkish language - Geographic distribution, Turkish language - Official status, Turkish language - Dialects, Turkish language - Sounds, Turkish language - Consonants, Turkish language - Vowels, Turkish language - Grammar, Turkish language - Vocabulary, Turkish language - Replaced old words, Turkish language - Writing system, Turkish language - The language in daily life Read more here: » Turkish language: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Classification |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Vocabulary
For more details on this topic, see Turkish vocabulary.
Turkish has the resources for building up many new words from old: from nouns:
göz "eye",
gözlük "eyeglasses"
gözlükçü "someone who sells glasses"
gözlükçülük "the business of selling glasses"
and from verbs:
yat- "lie down"
yatır- "lay down [that is, cause to lie down]"
yatırım "instance of laying down: deposit, investment ...
See also:Turkish language, Turkish language - Classification, Turkish language - Geographic distribution, Turkish language - Official status, Turkish language - Dialects, Turkish language - Sounds, Turkish language - Consonants, Turkish language - Vowels, Turkish language - Grammar, Turkish language - Vocabulary, Turkish language - Replaced old words, Turkish language - Writing system, Turkish language - The language in daily life Read more here: » Turkish language: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Vocabulary |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk Afrikaans Turk.
Albanian turk.
Arabic التركي.
Assyrian Turk.
Bulgarian турчин.
Chinese 突厥.
Czech turek.
Danish tyrker.
Dutch Turk.
Esperanto turko.
Farsi, ترک
Finnish turkkilainen.
French Turc, Turque.
German Türke, Türkin.
Greek Τούρκος (Turkish), τούρκος.
Hungarian török.
Icelandic Tyrki.
Indonesian Orang Turki.
Italian ...
See also:Turkic peoples, Turkic peoples - Geographical Distribution, Turkic peoples - Turkic Roots, Turkic peoples - Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - Traditions About Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - History, Turkic peoples - Language, Turkic peoples - Religion, Turkic peoples - Geographical distribution and ethnic division, Turkic peoples - Physical appearance, Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism, Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk Read more here: » Turkic peoples: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - World War II Formerly ruled by Romania as part of the principality of Moldavia, Eastern Moldova was occupied by the Soviet Union (with consent from Nazi Germany) in 1940 as a consequence of a secret protocol attached to the 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact. On 2 August 1940, the Soviet government created the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR), with its capital at Chisinau (Kishinëv, in Russian), by joining most of Eastern Moldavia (known as Bessarabia during its occupation by the Russian Empire) with a portion of the Moldavian ASSR (the rest was a ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - World War II |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Nature and natural resources Most of the area is covered by mountain ranges running from south-west to north-east. The main ranges are the Dinaric Alps in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia, the Šar massif which spreads from Albania to Republic of Macedonia and the Pindus range, spanning from southern Albania into central Greece. In Bulgaria there are ranges running from east to west: the Balkan mountains and the Rhodope mountains at the border with Greece. The highest mountain of the region is Musala in Bulgaria at 2925 m, with Mount Olympus in Greece, the throne of Zeus, being second a ...
See also:Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Nature and natural resources |
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| | | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Pecheneg - Alliance with Byzantium In the 9th century, the Byzantines became allied with the Pechenegs, using them to fend off other, more dangerous tribes such as the Varangian Rus and the Magyars. This was an old Roman ploy (divide and rule) continued by their Byzantines successors – playing off one enemy tribe against another.
The Uzes, another Turkic steppe people, eventually expelled the Pechenegs from their homeland; in the process, they also seized most of their livestock and other goods. An alliance of the Oghuz, Kimeks and Karluks were also pressing t ...
See also:Pecheneg, Pecheneg - Origins and Area, Pecheneg - Alliance with Byzantium, Pecheneg - History and Decline Read more here: » Pecheneg: Encyclopedia II - Pecheneg - Alliance with Byzantium |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion The region's principal nationalities include Turks (12.3 million, 11 million of them inhabiting Turkish Thrace), Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7.5 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonian Slavs (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries h ...
See also:Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion The region's principal nationalities include Greeks (10.5 million, with about 10 million of them being in Greece), Turks (9.2 million in the European part of Turkey), Serbs (8.5 million), Bulgarians (7.5 million), Albanians (6 million, with about 3.3 millions of them being in Albania), Croats (4.5 million), Bosniaks (2.4 million), Macedonian Slavs (1.4 million) and Montenegrins (0.265 million). If Romania and Slovenia are included, then also Romanians (26 million) and Slovenians (2 million). Practically all Balkan countries have a smaller or ...
See also:Balkans, Balkans - Definitions and boundaries, Balkans - Balkan Peninsula, Balkans - The Balkans, Balkans - Etymology and evolving meaning, Balkans - Southeastern Europe, Balkans - Ambiguities and controversies, Balkans - Current common definition, Balkans - Related countries, Balkans - Nature and natural resources, Balkans - History and geopolitical significance, Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion Read more here: » Balkans: Encyclopedia II - Balkans - Population composition by nationality and religion |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Geographic distribution Turkish is spoken in Turkey and by minorities in 35 other countries. In particular, Turkish is used in countries that formerly (in whole or part) belonged to the Ottoman Empire, such as Bulgaria, Romania, the former Yugoslavia (specifically in Kosovo and Metohija), the Republic of Macedonia, and Greece. About two million Turkish speaking people live in Germany.
Turkish language - Official status.
Turkish is the official language of Turkey, and is one of the official languages of Cyprus. In Turkey, the Turk ...
See also:Turkish language, Turkish language - Classification, Turkish language - Geographic distribution, Turkish language - Official status, Turkish language - Dialects, Turkish language - Sounds, Turkish language - Consonants, Turkish language - Vowels, Turkish language - Grammar, Turkish language - Vocabulary, Turkish language - Replaced old words, Turkish language - Writing system, Turkish language - The language in daily life Read more here: » Turkish language: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Geographic distribution |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Classification Turkish is a member of the Turkish family of languages, which includes Gagauz, and Khorasani Turkish in addition to Osmanli Turkish. The Turkish family is a subgroup of the Oghuz languages, themselves a subgroup of the Turkic languages, which most linguists believe to be member of an Altaic language family.
Like Finnish and Hungarian, Turkish has vowel harmony, is agglutinative and has no grammatical gender. The basic word order is Subject Object Verb. Turkish has a T-V distinction: second-person plural form ...
See also:Turkish language, Turkish language - Classification, Turkish language - Geographic distribution, Turkish language - Official status, Turkish language - Dialects, Turkish language - Sounds, Turkish language - Consonants, Turkish language - Vowels, Turkish language - Grammar, Turkish language - Vocabulary, Turkish language - Replaced old words, Turkish language - Writing system, Turkish language - The language in daily life Read more here: » Turkish language: Encyclopedia II - Turkish language - Classification |
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| | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - History It is generally believed that the first Turkic people were native to Central Asia. Some scholars consider the Huns as one of the earlier Turkic-Mongol tribes. The main migration of Turkic peoples occured between the first and tenth centuries AD, when they spread across most of Central Asia and into Europe and the Middle East.
The precise date of the initial expansion from the early homeland remains unknown. The first state known as "Turk", giving its name to the many states and peoples afterwards, was that of the Gokturks (gog ...
See also:Turkic peoples, Turkic peoples - Geographical Distribution, Turkic peoples - Turkic Roots, Turkic peoples - Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - Traditions About Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - History, Turkic peoples - Language, Turkic peoples - Religion, Turkic peoples - Geographical distribution and ethnic division, Turkic peoples - Physical appearance, Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism, Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk Read more here: » Turkic peoples: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - History |
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| | | | | | Gagauz: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998 Starting 1993, Moldova began to distance itself from Romania. The constitution adopted in 1994 used the term "Moldovan language" instead of "Romanian" and changed the national anthem to Limba noastră.
New parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 27 February 1994. Although the election was described by international observers as free and fair, authorities in Transnistria did not allow balloting there and made efforts to discourage the inhabitants from participating. Only some 7,500 inhab ...
See also:History of Moldova, History of Moldova - Origins of the name, History of Moldova - Early history, History of Moldova - Medieval history, History of Moldova - Commonwealth interventions, History of Moldova - Russian expansion, History of Moldova - Beginning of the Soviet period, History of Moldova - World War II, History of Moldova - Postwar reestablishment of Soviet control, History of Moldova - Increasing self-expression, History of Moldova - Secession of Gagauzia and Transnistria, History of Moldova - Independence, History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998, History of Moldova - Recent history: 2001 to present Read more here: » History of Moldova: Encyclopedia II - History of Moldova - Post independence: 1993 to 1998 |
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