Encyclopedia - Bracket Fungus: Encyclopedia - Bracket Fungus
Bracket fungi, or shelf fungus, are fungi of the family Polyporaceae, notable for bearing fruiting bodies (conk) as or in a "bracket": a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cup Fungus: Encyclopedia - Cup Fungus
Cup fungi are fungi (Ascomycota: Family Pezizaceae) which produce a mushroom that tends to grow in the shape of a "cup". Spores are forme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fungus: Encyclopedia Ii - Fungus - Overview
Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Some fungi are ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fungus-growing Ants: Encyclopedia - Fungus-growing Ants
Many The Fungus-growing ants (tribe Attini) is comprised of all the known fungus-growing ant species in the world participating in ant-fu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ant-fungus Mutualism: Encyclopedia - Ant-fungus Mutualism
Ant-fungus mutualism is a verifiable symbiosis seen in certain ant and fungal species, where ants actively cultivate fungus much like hum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wine Fault: Encyclopedia - Wine Fault
A wine fault or defect is an unpleasant characteristic of a wine resulting from poor winemaking or storage. Faults can be loosely grouped...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cryptococcus: Encyclopedia - Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus is a genus of fungus. Cryptococcus neoformans is the most common species. Division: Basidiomycota Class: Ustilaginomycetes ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beauveria Bassiana: Encyclopedia - Beauveria Bassiana
Beauveria bassiana is a fungus which grows in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasite. I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Verticillium: Encyclopedia - Verticillium
Verticillium is a wilt-causing fungus that attacks many plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, and peppers. It is similar to fusar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mushroom: Encyclopedia - Mushroom
A mushroom (Old English muscheron, from the Old French mouscheron, French mousseron (same name in English, for a common kind of mushroom)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Microbiology: Encyclopedia - Microbiology
Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including viruses, viroids, prions, p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Botrytis: Encyclopedia - Botrytis
Botrytis can mean more than one thing: Botrytis cinerea is a fungus important in wine making. It is one of the moulds in the genus Botry...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zinc Pyrithione: Encyclopedia - Zinc Pyrithione
Zinc pyrithione (abbreviated ZnP and also known as pyrithione zinc) is an antifungal agent best known for its use in treating dandruff an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspergillosis: Encyclopedia - Aspergillosis
Aspergillosis is an infection or an allergic response caused by a fungus of the Aspergillus type. It may play a role in allergy, but is b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ambrosia Beetle: Encyclopedia - Ambrosia Beetle
P. abietes P. compositus P. flavicornis P. parallelus P. pini P. quadridentatus P. wilsoni Ambrosia beetles are wood-boring beetles in th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Black Tongue: Encyclopedia - Black Tongue
Black tongue refers to a number of conditions of humans and animals that cause the tongue to go dark. Black hairy tongue in humans is a h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Black Sigatoka: Encyclopedia - Black Sigatoka
Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of banana plants caused by fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. Plants with leaves damaged by t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chestnut Blight: Encyclopedia - Chestnut Blight
The chestnut blight is a fungal disease caused by the sac fungus (Ascomycota), Cryphonectria parasitica (formerly Endothia parasitica), w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jelly: Encyclopedia - Jelly
Jelly can refer to different things: Jellies are a variety of food gels. Jelly fungi are a type of fungus. Jelly shoes are a type of foo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Allomerus Decemarticulatus: Encyclopedia - Allomerus Decemarticulatus
Allomerus decemarticulatus is a species of ant that is notable for its tripartite symbiosis with its host plant and a fungus, which it us...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Apple Scab: Encyclopedia - Apple Scab
Apple scab is a disease of apple trees (genus Malus) caused by the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis. The disease manifests as dull b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Candida Albicans: Encyclopedia - Candida Albicans
Candida albicans, a diploid sexual fungus (a form of yeast) is the causal agent of opportunistic infections in humans, the most common be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carotenoid: Encyclopedia - Carotenoid
Carotenoids are organic pigments that are naturally occurring in plants and some other photosynthetic organisms like algae, some types of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cyclosporine: Encyclopedia - Cyclosporine
Ciclosporin Cyclosporine, Ciclosporin (INN), or cyclosporin (former BAN), is an immunosuppressant drug. It is widely used post-allogenic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis: Encyclopedia - Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis
Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) is a chronic dermatological disease of cold water salmonid fish that had a severe impact on north Atlant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cucujiformia: Encyclopedia - Cucujiformia
Cucujiformia is an infraorder of Polyphagan beetles, representing the vast majority of plant eating beetles. The infraorder contains six ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cantharellus: Encyclopedia - Cantharellus
C. cibarius C. cinereus C. cinnabarinus C. craterellus C. formosus C. lateritius C. lutescens C. minor C. pallens C. persicinus C. subalb...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulcer: Encyclopedia - Ulcer
An ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is an open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maint...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brown Rot: Encyclopedia - Brown Rot
Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) is a fungal condition that attacks stone fruit, commonly affecting peaches, pears, apples and plums. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Earwax: Encyclopedia - Earwax
Earwax, also known by the medical term cerumen, is a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aflatoxin: Encyclopedia - Aflatoxin
Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus, a fungus, most notably Aspergillus flavus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Phallus: Encyclopedia - Phallus
The Latin word phallus (from the Greek phallos) and its derived adjective phallic, adopted in English and in many modern languages, refer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexander Fleming: Encyclopedia - Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming (August 6, 1881 – March 11, 1955) discovered the antibiotic substance lysozyme and isolated the antibiotic substa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fungus: Encyclopedia Ii - Fungus - Phylogeny Of Fungi
Originally classified as plants, fungi are not true plants because they are heterotrophs (they do not fix their own carbon through photos...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Honey Fungus: Encyclopedia Ii - Honey Fungus - Preventing Infections
Honey fungus can be prevented by removing tree stumps or other dead woody material such as roots from the soil, for example by mechanical...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Honey Fungus: Encyclopedia Ii - Honey Fungus - Honey Mushrooms
The fruiting bodies of the fungus are mushrooms that grow on wood, typically in centipose clusters. The cap is 3-15 cm in diameter, typic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Honey Fungus: Encyclopedia Ii - Honey Fungus - Honey Fungus As A Plant Disease White Rot Root Disease
Honey fungus is a potentially fatal pathogenic organism that affects trees, shrubs, woody climbers and, rarely, woody herbaceous perennia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ergot: Encyclopedia Ii - Ergot - Life Cycle Of The Fungus
An ergot kernel called a sclerotium develops when a floret of flowering grass or cereal is infected by a spore of Claviceps fungus. The i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decline In Frog Populations: Encyclopedia Ii - Decline In Frog Populations - Pollution
Pollutants are causing frog deformities such as multiple limbs, stunted growth or misplaced eyes. Researcher and naturalist Gary Fellers ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atta Sexdens: Encyclopedia Ii - Atta Sexdens - Description
Atta sexdens - Colony architecture. A. sexdens colonies are primarily subterranean with a mound of excavated material on the surface. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ergot: Encyclopedia Ii - Ergot - Effects On Humans And Animals
Ergot contains alkaloids of the ergoline group, which have a wide range of activities including effects on circulation and neurotransmiss...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jock Itch: Encyclopedia Ii - Jock Itch - Causes
Opportunistic infections (infections that are caused by a diminished immune system) are frequent. Fungus from other parts of the body (co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atta Sexdens: Encyclopedia Ii - Atta Sexdens - Behavior
Atta sexdens - Foraging. The A. sexdens workers forage leaves up to range of 60 meters from the colony. The scouting workers leave behi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atta Sexdens: Encyclopedia Ii - Atta Sexdens - Significance
Atta sexdens - Ecological impact. At the end of its life span an A. sexdens colony has moved up to 40 000 kg of soil. This has two impo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Decline In Frog Populations: Encyclopedia Ii - Decline In Frog Populations - Parasites
Researcher Joseph Kiesecker focused research on a rural area of Pennsylvania where trematodes were present in ponds. His research indicat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quorn: Encyclopedia Ii - Quorn - Production
Quorn is made from the soil mold Fusarium venenatum strain PTA-2684 (previously misidentified as the parasitic mold Fusarium graminearum)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sporotrichosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Sporotrichosis - Diagnosis
Sporotrichosis is a chronic disease with slow progression and often subtle symptoms. It is difficult to diagnose, as many other diseases ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magnaporthe Grisea: Encyclopedia Ii - Magnaporthe Grisea - Biology And Pathology
M. grisea is an ascomycete fungus. It is an extremely effective plant pathogen as it can reproduce both sexually and asexually to produce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quorn: Encyclopedia Ii - Quorn - Patents
The patents for the production technology used to produce Quorn are owned by its inventors, Marlow Foods. Marlow was a subsidiary of phar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quorn: Encyclopedia Ii - Quorn - Controversy
Its 2002 debut in the United States was more problematic -- the sale of Quorn was contested by The American Mushroom Institute, Gardenbur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magnaporthe Grisea: Encyclopedia Ii - Magnaporthe Grisea - Control
M. grisea outbreaks are controlled through the application of expensive and potentially hazardous fungicides. Among the current blasticid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Candidiasis: Encyclopedia Ii - Candidiasis - History And Taxonomic Classification
B. Lagenbeck in 1839 in Germany was the first to demonstrate a yeastlike fungus in thrush. He also found that a fungus was able to cause ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prion: Encyclopedia Ii - Prion - Useful Prions In Yeast And Other Fungi
Not all prions are dangerous; in fact, prion-like proteins are found naturally in many (perhaps all) plants and animals[1]. Because of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspergillosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspergillosis - Causes, Incidence, And Risk Factors
Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus), which is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in oth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Magnaporthe Grisea: Encyclopedia Ii - Magnaporthe Grisea - Distribution
Rice blast was probably first recorded as rice fever disease in China in 1637. It was later described as imochi-byo in Japan in 1704, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coca Eradication: Encyclopedia Ii - Coca Eradication - Environmental Impact
Plots denuded of coca plants by mechanical means (burning or cutting) or chemical herbicides, such as Monsanto's Roundup, are abandoned a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - American Chestnut: Encyclopedia Ii - American Chestnut - Chestnut Blight
Once an important hardwood timber tree, the chestnuts are highly susceptible to an Asian bark fungus or "chestnut blight" (Cryphonectria ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspergillosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspergillosis - Causes Incidence And Risk Factors
Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus), which is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in oth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wild Rice: Encyclopedia Ii - Wild Rice - Use As A Vegetable
The swollen, crisp white stems of Manchurian wild rice are grown as a vegetable, popular in East and Southeast Asia. The swelling occurs ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ergotism: Encyclopedia Ii - Ergotism - Causes
The toxic ergoline derivatives are found in ergot-based drugs (such as methylergometrine, ergotamine or, previously, ergotoxine). The del...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Banana: Encyclopedia Ii - Banana - Banana Pests And Diseases
While in no danger of outright extinction, in the next 10-20 years the most common edible banana cultivar the 'Cavendish' could become un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Largest Organism: Encyclopedia Ii - Largest Organism - Other Kingdoms
The largest fungus may be a honey fungus of the species Armillaria ostoyae. One genetically constant mycelium has been found over an area...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tacrolimus: Encyclopedia Ii - Tacrolimus - History
Tacrolimus was discovered in 1987 by a Japanese team headed by T. Goto, T. Kino and H. Hatanaka, it was the first macrolide immunosuppres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nausicaä Of The Valley Of The Wind: Encyclopedia Ii - Nausicaä Of The Valley Of The Wind - Movie
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind - Synopsis. The story takes place a thousand years after the "Seven Days of Fire" destroyed human c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lumber: Encyclopedia Ii - Lumber - Preservatives
Timber or lumber may be treated with a preservative that protects it from being destroyed by insects, fungus or exposure to moisture. Gen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Psilocybe Mexicana: Encyclopedia Ii - Psilocybe Mexicana - Appearance And Size
The mushroom's hygrophanous or glabrescent cap ranges from 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter, rarely up to 3. Its form is conic-campanulate and oft...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Underdark: Encyclopedia Ii - Underdark - Inhabitants
The Underdark is extremely dangerous, especially to those not native to it. There are the usual dangers associated with caverns: claustro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Folliculitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Folliculitis - Causes
Folliculitis starts when hair follicles are damaged by friction from clothing, blockage of the follicle, or shaving. In most cases of fol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Diseases Of The Honeybee: Encyclopedia Ii - Diseases Of The Honeybee - Chalkbrood
Ascophaera apis is a fungal disease infests the gut of the larva. The fungus will compete with the larva for food, ultimately causing it ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onychomycosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Onychomycosis - Treatment
Treatments are usually commenced after laboratory confirmation of fungal invasion based on microscopic examination and culture of nail sc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soybean Rust: Encyclopedia Ii - Soybean Rust - Treatment
When properly applied, fungicides can be used preventively or to cure infected plants which, if left untreated, will eventually die. Rece...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Circadian Rhythm: Encyclopedia Ii - Circadian Rhythm - Origin
Circadian rhythms are believed to have originated in the earliest cells to provide protection for replicating DNA, from high ultraviolet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biphenyl: Encyclopedia Ii - Biphenyl - Use
Biphenyl prevents the growth of molds and fungus, and is therefore used as a preservative (E230, in combination with E231, E232 and E233)...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rapeseed: Encyclopedia Ii - Rapeseed - Pests And Diseases Affecting Rapeseed
Rapeseed - Insect pests. Flea beetles (Phyllotreta sp.), Diamondback moths (Plutella xylostella), Bertha armyworms (Mamestra configura...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aspergillosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Aspergillosis - Treatment
The goal of treatment is to control symptomatic infection. A fungus ball usually does not require treatment unless bleeding into the lung...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mushroom Poisoning: Encyclopedia Ii - Mushroom Poisoning - No Golden Rule For Safety
There is much folklore providing misleading tips on defining features of poisonous mushrooms, such as: Having bright flashy colours. (Fa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - House Dust Mite: Encyclopedia Ii - House Dust Mite - Habitat
The dust mite thrives in the modern environment of fully-carpeted, double-glazed, draft-proof homes, and is comfortable at 25 degrees Cel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dancing Mania: Encyclopedia Ii - Dancing Mania - Scientific Explanations
Although no real consensus exists as to what caused the mania, some cases, especially the one in Aix-la-Chapelle, may have had an explain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - House Dust Mite: Encyclopedia Ii - House Dust Mite - Habitat
The dust mite thrives in the modern environment of fully-carpeted, double-glazed, draft-proof homes, and is comfortable at 25 degrees Cel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balanitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Balanitis - Etiology And Epidemiology
Inflammation has many possible causes, including irritation by environmental substances, physical trauma, and infection by a wide variety...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cistaceae: Encyclopedia Ii - Cistaceae - Ecology
The ability of Cistaceae to thrive in many Mediterranean habitats follows from two important ecological properties: mycorrhizal ability a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pumpkin: Encyclopedia Ii - Pumpkin - Cultivation
Pumpkins have historically been pollinated by the native squash bee Peponapis pruinosa, but this bee has declined, probably due to pestic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Blastomycosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Blastomycosis - Epidemiology
In the US: Most cases of blastomycosis occur in the United States. It is endemic in the Mississippi river and Ohio river basins and arou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Red Imported Fire Ant: Encyclopedia Ii - Red Imported Fire Ant - Countermeasures
Red Imported Fire Ants have virtually no natural enemies in the United States, China, Philippines, or Australia. Many scientists and agen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Werewolf: Encyclopedia Ii - Werewolf - Theories Of Origin
A recent theory has been proposed to explain werewolf episodes in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Ergot, which causes a form of fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cell Wall: Encyclopedia Ii - Cell Wall - Fungal Cell Walls
Not all species of fungi have cell walls but in those that do, the cell walls are composed of cellulose, glucosamine, and chitin, the sam...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Algae And Symbioses
Algae frequently form part of a symbiosis with other organisms. In these symbioses, the algae photosynthesise and supply photosynthates t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Werewolf: Encyclopedia Ii - Werewolf - Theories Of Origin
A recent theory has been proposed to explain werewolf episodes in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Ergot, which causes a form of fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samy Vellu: Encyclopedia Ii - Samy Vellu - Controversial Issues
Since holding his post as Works Minister of Malaysia, Samy is alleged to have been involved in several money scandals and work defects up...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muli: Encyclopedia Ii - Muli - Economy
The main resources in Muli are hydro electric power from the rivers and a wide variety of plants used in traditional Chinese medicine, su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moo Shu Pork: Encyclopedia Ii - Moo Shu Pork - Description
Moo shu pork consists of sliced or shredded pork chop meat and scrambled eggs, stir fried together with cabbage (usually the predominant ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Squash Fruit: Encyclopedia Ii - Squash Fruit - Pollination
Squash has historically been pollinated by the native North American squash bee Peponapis pruinosa, but this bee has declined, probably d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Château D'yquem: Encyclopedia Ii - Château D'yquem - Production
The vineyard extends to 113 hectares between the villages of Sauternes and Fargues, though only around 100 hectares are in production at ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Truffle: Encyclopedia Ii - Truffle - Truffles In New Zealand And Australia
The first Périgord black truffles (Tuber melanosporum) to be produced in the southern hemisphere were harvested in Gisborne, New Zealand...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Algae: Encyclopedia Ii - Algae - Algae And Symbioses
Algae frequently form part of a symbiosis with other organisms. In these symbioses, the algae photosynthesise and supply photosynthates t...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Hypha: Oceanography Dictionary - Hypha
  Definition and meaning of hypha:   hypha - one of the long, branching filaments that forms the mycelium of a fungus ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Mycelium: Oceanography Dictionary - Mycelium
  Definition and meaning of mycelium:   mycelium - the mass of filamentous growth (hyphae) from which the vegetative par...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Yeast: Oceanography Dictionary - Yeast
  Definition and meaning of yeast:   yeast - a single-celled fungus that reproduces by budding (Source: US National O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pansy: Encyclopedia Ii - Pansy - Diseases And Pests
Pansy - Diseases. The plant may collapse without warning in the middle of season. The foliage will flag and lose color. Flowers will f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ergoline: Encyclopedia Ii - Ergoline - History & Uses
Ergoline alkaloids were first isolated from ergot, a fungus that infects grain and causes the disease ergotism. Ergot also has a long his...   » Read the article