Following his retirement, Borlaug has continued to participate actively in teaching, research and activism. He spends much of the year based at CIMMYT in Mexico, conducting research, and four months of the year serving at Texas A&M University, where he has been a distinguished professor of international agriculture since 1984. In 1999, the university's Board of Regents named its US$16 million Center for Southern Crop Improvement in honor of Borlaug. He works in the building's Heep Center, and teaches one semester each year.See also:

Norman Borlaug, Norman Borlaug - Early life education and family, Norman Borlaug - Career, Norman Borlaug - Wheat research in Mexico, Norman Borlaug - Double wheat season, Norman Borlaug - Increasing disease resistance through multiline varieties, Norman Borlaug - Dwarfing, Norman Borlaug - Expansion to South Asia: The Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug - Nobel Peace Prize, Norman Borlaug - The Borlaug hypothesis, Norman Borlaug - Criticisms and his view of critics, Norman Borlaug - Current roles, Norman Borlaug - Production in Africa, Norman Borlaug - World Food Prize, Norman Borlaug - Online education, Norman Borlaug - The future of global farming and food supply, Norman Borlaug - Honors and recognition, Norman Borlaug - Books and lectures, Norman Borlaug - Notes

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In 1968, Borlaug received what he considered an especially satisfying tribute when the people of Ciudad Obregón, where some of his earliest experiments were undertaken, named a street after him. Also in that year, he became a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1984, his name was placed in the National Agricultural Hall of Fame at the national center in Bonner Springs, Kansas. Also that year, he was recognized for sustained service to humanity through outstanding contributions in plant breeding from the Governors Conf ...

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Norman Borlaug, Norman Borlaug - Early life education and family, Norman Borlaug - Career, Norman Borlaug - Wheat research in Mexico, Norman Borlaug - Double wheat season, Norman Borlaug - Increasing disease resistance through multiline varieties, Norman Borlaug - Dwarfing, Norman Borlaug - Expansion to South Asia: The Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug - Nobel Peace Prize, Norman Borlaug - The Borlaug hypothesis, Norman Borlaug - Criticisms and his view of critics, Norman Borlaug - Current roles, Norman Borlaug - Production in Africa, Norman Borlaug - World Food Prize, Norman Borlaug - Online education, Norman Borlaug - The future of global farming and food supply, Norman Borlaug - Honors and recognition, Norman Borlaug - Books and lectures, Norman Borlaug - Notes

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Many insecticides used against soybean aphids are highly toxic to bees. Orthene 75S (acephate) Address 75 WSP (acephate) Sevin (Carbaryl) Lorsban 4E (Chlorpyrifos) Dimate (Dimethoate) Steward 1.25 SC (Indoxacarb) Lannate (Methomyl) Cheminova Methyl 4EC (Methyl Parathion) Penncap M (microencapsulated Methyl Parathion) Tracer (Spinosad) < ...

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Pesticide toxicity to bees, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Classification of toxicity based on Lethal Dose 50% LD50mg/bee, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Bee kill rate per hive, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Highly Toxic Pesticides to Bees, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Carbamates, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Organophosphates, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Synthetic pyrethroids, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Chlorinated cyclodienes, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Chloronicotines, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Herbicides, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Others, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Highly toxic and banned in the US, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Moderately toxic, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Relatively non-toxic, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Common insecticides toxic to bees used on soybeans

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Like plants, algae have cell walls (Sendbusch, 2003). Algal cell walls contain cellulose and a variety of glycoproteins. The inclusion of additional polysaccharides in algal cells walls is used as a feature for algal taxonomy. Manosyl form microfibrils in the cell walls of a number of marine green algae including those from the genera, Codium, Dasycladus, and Acetabularia as well as in the walls of some red algae, like Porphyra and Bangia. Xylanes Alginic acid is a common poly ...

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Cell wall, Cell wall - Plant cell walls, Cell wall - Composition of plant cell walls, Cell wall - Algal cell walls, Cell wall - Diatom cell walls, Cell wall - Prokaryotic cell walls, Cell wall - Fungal cell walls, Cell wall - Pictures

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Agriculture - World production of major crops in 2004. In millions of metric tons, based on FAO estimates[2]: By crop types Cereals 2,264 Vegetables and melons 866 Roots and Tubers 715 Milk 619 Fruit 503 Meat 259 Oilcrops 133 Fish 130 (2001 estimate) Eggs 63 Pulses 60 Vegetable Fiber 30 By individual crops Sugar Cane 1,324 Maize 721 Wheat 627 Rice 605 Potatoes 328 Sugar Beet 249 Soybean 204 Oil Palm Fruit 162 ...

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Agriculture, Agriculture - Overview, Agriculture - History, Agriculture - Crops, Agriculture - World production of major crops in 2004, Agriculture - Crop improvement, Agriculture - Environmental problems, Agriculture - Policy, Agriculture - Agricultural Revolutions, Agriculture - Methods

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Archaeobotanists/Paleoethnobotanists have traced the selection and cultivation of specific food plant characteristics, such as a semi-tough rachis and larger seeds, to just after the Younger Dryas (about 9,500 BC) in the early Holocene in the Levant region of the Fertile Crescent. Limited anthropological and archaeological evidence both indicate a grain-grinding culture farming along the Nile in the 10th millennium BC using the world's earliest known type of sickle blades. There is even earlier evidence for conscious cultivation and seasonal ...

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Agriculture, Agriculture - Overview, Agriculture - History, Agriculture - Crops, Agriculture - World production of major crops in 2004, Agriculture - Crop improvement, Agriculture - Environmental problems, Agriculture - Policy, Agriculture - Agricultural Revolutions, Agriculture - Methods

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Archaeobotanists have traced the selection and cultivation of specific food plant characteristics, such as a semi-tough rachis and larger seeds, to just after the Younger Dryas (about 9,500 BC) in the early Holocene in the Levant region of the Fertile Crescent. Limited anthropological and archaeological evidence both indicate a grain-grinding culture farming along the Nile in the 10th millennium BC using the world's earliest known type of sickle blades. There is even earlier evidence for conscious cultivation and seasonal harvest: grains of ...

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Agriculture, Agriculture - Overview, Agriculture - History, Agriculture - Crops, Agriculture - World production of major crops in 2004, Agriculture - Crop improvement, Agriculture - Environmental problems, Agriculture - Policy, Agriculture - Agricultural Revolutions, Agriculture - Methods

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Borlaug is the great-grandchild of Norwegian immigrants to the United States. Ole Olson Dybevig and Solveig Thomasdotter Rinde, from Leikanger, Norway, emigrated from Norway to Dane, Wisconsin, in 1854. Two of their children, Ole Olson Borlaug and Nels Olson Borlaug (Norman's grandfather), were integral in the establishment of the Immanuel Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in the small Norwegian-American community of Saude, near Cresco, Iowa in 1889.See also:

Norman Borlaug, Norman Borlaug - Early life education and family, Norman Borlaug - Career, Norman Borlaug - Wheat research in Mexico, Norman Borlaug - Double wheat season, Norman Borlaug - Increasing disease resistance through multiline varieties, Norman Borlaug - Dwarfing, Norman Borlaug - Expansion to South Asia: The Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug - Nobel Peace Prize, Norman Borlaug - The Borlaug hypothesis, Norman Borlaug - Criticisms and his view of critics, Norman Borlaug - Current roles, Norman Borlaug - Production in Africa, Norman Borlaug - World Food Prize, Norman Borlaug - Online education, Norman Borlaug - The future of global farming and food supply, Norman Borlaug - Honors and recognition, Norman Borlaug - Books and lectures, Norman Borlaug - Notes

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From 1942 to 1944, Borlaug was employed as a microbiologist at DuPont in Wilmington, Delaware. It was planned that he would lead research on industrial and agricultural bacteriocides, fungicides, and preservatives. However, following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, Borlaug tried to enlist in the military, but was rejected under wartime labor regulations; his lab was converted to do research for the United States armed forces. One of his first projects was to develop glue that could withstand the warm saltwater of the South Pacif ...

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Norman Borlaug, Norman Borlaug - Early life education and family, Norman Borlaug - Career, Norman Borlaug - Wheat research in Mexico, Norman Borlaug - Double wheat season, Norman Borlaug - Increasing disease resistance through multiline varieties, Norman Borlaug - Dwarfing, Norman Borlaug - Expansion to South Asia: The Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug - Nobel Peace Prize, Norman Borlaug - The Borlaug hypothesis, Norman Borlaug - Criticisms and his view of critics, Norman Borlaug - Current roles, Norman Borlaug - Production in Africa, Norman Borlaug - World Food Prize, Norman Borlaug - Online education, Norman Borlaug - The future of global farming and food supply, Norman Borlaug - Honors and recognition, Norman Borlaug - Books and lectures, Norman Borlaug - Notes

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The Cooperative Wheat Research Production Program, a joint venture by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican Ministry of Agriculture, involved research in genetics, plant breeding, plant pathology, entomology, agronomy, soil science, and cereal technology. The goal of the project was to boost wheat production in Mexico, which at the time was importing a large portion of its grain. George Harrar, a plant pathologist, recruited and assembled the wheat research team in late 1944. The three other members were Edward Wellhausen, maize breeder ...

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Norman Borlaug, Norman Borlaug - Early life education and family, Norman Borlaug - Career, Norman Borlaug - Wheat research in Mexico, Norman Borlaug - Double wheat season, Norman Borlaug - Increasing disease resistance through multiline varieties, Norman Borlaug - Dwarfing, Norman Borlaug - Expansion to South Asia: The Green Revolution, Norman Borlaug - Nobel Peace Prize, Norman Borlaug - The Borlaug hypothesis, Norman Borlaug - Criticisms and his view of critics, Norman Borlaug - Current roles, Norman Borlaug - Production in Africa, Norman Borlaug - World Food Prize, Norman Borlaug - Online education, Norman Borlaug - The future of global farming and food supply, Norman Borlaug - Honors and recognition, Norman Borlaug - Books and lectures, Norman Borlaug - Notes

Read more here: » Norman Borlaug: Encyclopedia II - Norman Borlaug - Wheat research in Mexico

Due to its reactivity to air and many other oxygen containing substances, phosphorus is not found free in nature but it is widely distributed in many different minerals. Phosphate rock, which is partially made of apatite (an impure tri-calcium phosphate mineral) is an important commercial source of this element. Large deposits of apatite are in Russia, Morocco, Florida, Idaho, Tennessee, Utah, and elsewhere. There are however concerns over how long these phosphorus deposits will last. USA will deplete their deposits around 2035. China and Mo ...

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Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds

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Phosphorus is a key element in all known forms of life. Inorganic phosphorus in the form of the phosphate PO43- plays a major role in biological molecules such as DNA and RNA where it forms part of the structural backbone of these molecules. Living cells also utilize phosphate to transport cellular energy via adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Nearly every cellular process that uses energy gets it in the form of ATP. ATP is also important for phosphorylation, a key regulatory event in cells. Phospholipids are the main struct ...

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Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - History, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds

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Soy protein - Textured Soy Protein. For more details on this topic, see textured soy protein. TSP is made by forming a dough of defatted soy flour with water in a screw type extruder such as the Wenger and heating with or without added steam. The dough is extruded through a die into various possible shapes; granules, chunks, goulash, steakettes (schnitzle), etc., and dried in an oven. TSP made from soy flour contains 50% soy protein and needs to be rehydrated, before use, at a weight ra ...

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Soy protein, Soy protein - History, Soy protein - Food uses, Soy protein - Functional uses, Soy protein - Production methods, Soy protein - Product types, Soy protein - Isolates, Soy protein - Concentrates, Soy protein - Flours, Soy protein - Health, Soy protein - Uses, Soy protein - Textured Soy Protein

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Soy protein may prevent heart problems and many countries allow health claims for foods that are rich in soy protein. A soy protein health claim is allowed in the United States if a serving of the food meets the following conditions: More than 6.25 grams of soy protein Usually less than 3 grams of fat Less than 1 gram of saturated fat Less than 20 milligrams of cholesterol Less than 480 milligrams of sodium There are conflicting studies concerning the phytoestrogens contained in soy protein that bind to estrogen receptors in the body and their effect o ...

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Soy protein, Soy protein - History, Soy protein - Food uses, Soy protein - Functional uses, Soy protein - Production methods, Soy protein - Product types, Soy protein - Isolates, Soy protein - Concentrates, Soy protein - Flours, Soy protein - Health, Soy protein - Uses, Soy protein - Textured Soy Protein

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Sulfur (Sanskrit, sulvere; Latin sulpur) was known in ancient times, and is referred to in the Biblical Pentateuch (Genesis). The word itself is almost certainly from the Arabic sufra meaning yellow, from the bright color of the naturally-occurring form. English translations of the Bible commonly refer to sulfur as "brimstone", giving rise to the name of 'Fire and brimstone' sermons, which sinners are reminded of their fate of eternal damnation It is from this part of the Bible that hell is implied to "smell of su ...

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Sulfur, Sulfur - Notable characteristics, Sulfur - Applications, Sulfur - Biological role, Sulfur - Environmental Impact, Sulfur - History, Sulfur - Occurrence, Sulfur - Compounds, Sulfur - Isotopes, Sulfur - Precautions, Sulfur - Spelling

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Carbon disulfide, Carbon oxysulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide should all be handled with care. Although sulfur dioxide is sufficiently safe to be used as a food additive in small amounts, at high concentrations it reacts with moisture to form sulfurous acid which in sufficient quantities may harm the lungs, eyes or other tissues. In creatures without lungs such as insects or plants, it otherwise prevents respiration. Hydrogen sulfide is quite toxic (more toxic than cyanide). Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell, so potential victims may be unaware ...

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Sulfur, Sulfur - Notable characteristics, Sulfur - Applications, Sulfur - Biological role, Sulfur - Environmental Impact, Sulfur - History, Sulfur - Occurrence, Sulfur - Compounds, Sulfur - Isotopes, Sulfur - Precautions, Sulfur - Spelling

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In the 2004 crop year, global wheat production totalled 624 million tonnes and the top wheat producing countries were: China: 91.3 million tonnes India: 72 million tonnes United States: 58.8 million tonnes Russian Federation: 42.2 million tonnes France: 39 million tonnes Canada: 25.9 million tonnes[1] Germany: 25.3 million tonnes Australia: 22.5 million tonnes 1997 global per capita wheat consumption was 101 kg, led by Denmark at ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Production and consumption statistics

There are many taxonomic classification systems used for wheat species, discussed in a separate article on Wheat taxonomy. It is good to keep in mind that the name of a wheat species from one information source may not be the name of a wheat species in another. For more details on this topic, see Wheat taxonomy. Within a species, wheat cultivars are further classified by growing season, such as winter wheat vs. spring wheat, and by gluten content, such as hard wheat (high gluten content) or s ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

Read more here: » Wheat: Encyclopedia II - Wheat - Naming

Soy protein - Isolates. Soy protein isolate is the most refined form of soy protein and also has the highest soy protein content (90%). It is made from defatted soy meal which has had most of the fats and carbohydrates removed. Because of this, it has a neutral flavor and will cause less gas due to bacterial flatulence. Soy isolates are mainly used to improve the texture and eating quality of meat products, but it is also used for other nutritional (increasing protein content), sensorial (better mouthfeel, ...

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Soy protein, Soy protein - History, Soy protein - Food uses, Soy protein - Functional uses, Soy protein - Production methods, Soy protein - Product types, Soy protein - Isolates, Soy protein - Concentrates, Soy protein - Flours, Soy protein - Health, Soy protein - Uses, Soy protein - Textured Soy Protein

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Edible soy protein "isolate" is derived from defatted soy flour with a high solubility in water(high NSI). The aqueous extraction is carried out at a pH below 9. The extract is clarified to remove the insoluble material and the "supernatant" is acidified to a pH range of 4-5. The precipitated protein-curd is collected and separated from the whey by centrifugation. The curd is usually neutralized with alkal ...

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Soy protein, Soy protein - History, Soy protein - Food uses, Soy protein - Functional uses, Soy protein - Production methods, Soy protein - Product types, Soy protein - Isolates, Soy protein - Concentrates, Soy protein - Flours, Soy protein - Health, Soy protein - Uses, Soy protein - Textured Soy Protein

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The word shampoo in English usage dates back to 1762, with the meaning "to massage". The word was a loan from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi champo, imperative of champna, "to press, knead the muscles, massage". During the early stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled soap in water and added herbs to give the hair health and fragrance. Originally soap and shampoo were very similar products; both were often made from surfactants, a type of detergent. Shampoo became the logical evolut ...

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Shampoo, Shampoo - History, Shampoo - Description, Shampoo - The Ingredients, Shampoo - Detergents, Shampoo - Dimethicone, Shampoo - Additives Useless and Otherwise, Shampoo - Specialized shampoos

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This is a particularly poisonous element with 50 mg being the average fatal dose (white phosphorus is generally considered to be the lethal form of phosphorus while phosphate and orthophosphate are essential nutrients). The allotrope white phosphorus should be kept under water at all times as it presents a significant fire hazard due to its extreme reactivity to atmospheric oxygen, and it should only be manipulated with forceps since contact with skin can cause severe burns. Chronic white phosphorus poisoning of unprotected workers leads to ...

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Phosphorus, Phosphorus - Notable characteristics, Phosphorus - Forms, Phosphorus - Applications, Phosphorus - Biological role, Phosphorus - History, Phosphorus - Occurrence, Phosphorus - Precautions, Phosphorus - Isotopes, Phosphorus - Spelling, Phosphorus - Compounds

Read more here: » Phosphorus: Encyclopedia II - Phosphorus - Precautions