Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). The practice of agriculture is also known as "farming", while scientists, inventors and others devoted to improving farming methods and implements are also said to be engaged in agriculture. More people in the world are involved in agriculture as their primary economic activity than in any other, yet it only accounts for four percent of the world's GDP.

Agriculture - Overview Agriculture - History Agriculture - Crops
Agriculture - Seed Testing Agriculture - World production of major crops in 2004 Agriculture - Crop improvement
Agriculture - Environmental problems Agriculture - Policy Agriculture - Agricultural Revolutions Agriculture - Methods

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Including:

Banana - History Banana - Properties Banana - Banana trade Banana - Cultivation Banana - Banana pests and diseases Banana - Effects of banana diseases in East Africa Banana - Attitudes toward bananas Banana - Urban legends Banana - Reference

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At room temperature, sulfur is a soft bright yellow solid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is actually characteristic of hydrogen sulfide (H2S); elemental sulfur is odorless. It burns with a blue flame that emits sulfur dioxide, notable for its peculiar suffocating odor. Sulfur is insoluble in water but soluble in carbon disulfide and to a lesser extent in other organic solvents such as benzene. Common oxidation states of sulfur include −2, +2, +4 and +6. Sulfur forms stable c ...

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Sulfur, Sulfur - Notable characteristics, Sulfur - Applications, Sulfur - Biological role, Sulfur - Environmental Impact, Sulfur - History, Sulfur - Occurrence, Sulfur - Compounds, Sulfur - Isotopes, Sulfur - Precautions, Sulfur - Spelling

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Domestic wheat originated in southwest Asia in what is now known as the Fertile Crescent. The earliest archaeological evidence for wheat cultivation comes from Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. Around 10,000 years ago, wild einkorn and emmer wheat were domesticated as part of the origins of agriculture in the fertile crescent. Cultivation of wild forms led to selection of mutations for tough-rachised ears (which do not break up at maturity) and larger grains (see domestication). While these forms could not have succeeded in the wild, under cultivation th ...

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Wheat, Wheat - History, Wheat - Genetics & Breeding, Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat, Wheat - Naming, Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat, Wheat - Economics, Wheat - Production and consumption statistics, Wheat - Agronomy, Wheat - Crop development, Wheat - Wheat stages, Wheat - Diseases, Wheat - Pests, Wheat - Wheat in the United States

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As an example the organic synthesis of tributyl-[(Z)-5-phenyl-2-penten-2-yl]stannane: A Grignard reagent is prepared from magnesium turnings and (Z)-2-bromo-5-phenyl-2-pentene in dry tetrahydrofuran and titrated with tributyltin chloride until the solution decolourises. The resulting solution is stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and the solvent is removed in a rotavapor. Diethyl ether is added and the ether extract is washed with brine and filtered and the ether evaporates in a rotavapor. The crude product is kugelrohr distilled ...

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Organotin, Organotin - Preparation of organotin compounds, Organotin - Reactions of organotin compounds, Organotin - Use and toxicity, Organotin - Important compounds

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Listed by brand name, generic name and length of residual toxicity. Note that the brand names listed here are by no means complete. Pesticide toxicity to bees - Carbamates. Baygon (propoxur) Furadan (carbofuran) ⇒ 7 - 14 days Lannate (methomyl) Lannate LS ⇒ 2 hours + Mesurol (methiocarb) Nudrin (methomy) Pesticide toxicity to bees - Organophosphates. Afugan (pyrazophos) Azodrin (mono ...

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Pesticide toxicity to bees, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Classification of toxicity based on Lethal Dose 50% LD50mg/bee, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Bee kill rate per hive, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Highly Toxic Pesticides to Bees, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Carbamates, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Organophosphates, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Synthetic pyrethroids, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Chlorinated cyclodienes, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Chloronicotines, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Herbicides, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Others, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Highly toxic and banned in the US, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Moderately toxic, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Relatively non-toxic, Pesticide toxicity to bees - Common insecticides toxic to bees used on soybeans

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Apple scab is a disease of apple trees (genus Malus) caused by the ascomycete fungus Venturia inaequalis. The disease manifests as dull black or grey-brown lesions on the surface of tree leaves, buds or fruits. Lesions may also appear less frequently on the woody tissues of the tree. Fruits and the undersides of leaves are especially susceptible. The disease rarely kills its host, but can significantly reduce fruit yields and fruit quality. Affected fruits are less marketable ...

Including:

Apple scab - Life cycle Apple scab - Control

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A biocide is a chemical substance, such as pesticides, which can be fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, miticides, or rodenticides, etc., capable of killing different forms of living organisms used in fields such as agriculture, forestry, and mosquito control. Biocides can also be added to other materials (typically liquids) to protect the material from biological infestation and growth. For example, certain types of quats can be added to pool water or industrial water systems to act as an algicide, protecting the wate ...

Including:

Biocide - External link

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Black Sigatoka is a leaf spot disease of banana plants caused by fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. Plants with leaves damaged by the disease may have up to 50% lower yield of fruit. In commercial export plantations, Black Sigatoka is controlled by frequent applications of fungicides. Removal of affected leaves, good drainage, and sufficient spacing also help to fight the disease. Although fungicides improved over the years, the pathogen developed resistance. Therefore higher frequency of application is required, increasing the impact ...

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Agrichemical (or agrochemical), a contraction of agricultural chemical, is a generic term for the various chemical products used in agriculture. In most cases, agrichemical refers to the broad range of pesticides (e.g. insecticides, herbicides, fungicides), but it may also include synthetic fertilizers, hormones and other chemical growth agents, and concentrated stores of raw animal manure. Most agrichemicals are toxic, and all agrichemicals in bulk storage pose significant environmental and/o ...

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This article is about the chemical element. For the article about Phosphorus meaning "morning star", go to Phosphorus (morning star). Phosphorus, (from the Greek language phôs meaning "light", and phoros meaning "bearer"), is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks and in all living cells. Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free elemen ...

Including:

Phosphorus - Notable characteristics
Phosphorus - Forms
Phosphorus - Applications Phosphorus - Biological role Phosphorus - History Phosphorus - Occurrence Phosphorus - Precautions Phosphorus - Isotopes Phosphorus - Spelling Phosphorus - Compounds

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Shampoo is a hair care product primarily used to remove the oils, dirt, skin particles and grime that gradually build-up in the hair. Shampoo - History. The word shampoo in English usage dates back to 1762, with the meaning "to massage". The word was a loan from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi champo, imperative of champna, "to press, knead the muscles, massage". During the early stages of shampoo, English hairdressers boiled soap in soda water and added herbs to ...

Including:

Shampoo - History Shampoo - Description Shampoo - Ingredients
Shampoo - Detergents Shampoo - Dimethicone Shampoo - Additives Useless and Otherwise
Shampoo - Specialized shampoos

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T. aestivum T. aethiopicum T. araraticum T. boeoticum T. carthlicum T. compactum T. dicoccon T. durum T. ispahanicum T. karamyschevii T. militinae T. monococcum T. polonicum T. spelta T. timopheevii T. trunciale T. turanicum T. turgidum T. urartu T. vavilovii T. zhukovskyi References:
Including:

Wheat - History Wheat - Genetics & Breeding Wheat - Hulled vs. free-threshing wheat Wheat - Naming
Wheat - Major cultivated species of wheat
Wheat - Economics Wheat - Production and consumption statistics Wheat - Agronomy
Wheat - Crop development Wheat - Wheat stages Wheat - Diseases Wheat - Pests
Wheat - Wheat in the United States

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Aerial topdressing is the spreading of fertilisers such as superphosphate over farm land. Aerial Topdressing was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s and was rapidly adopted elsewhere in the 1950s. For spraying of insecticides and fungicides, by air, see crop dusting, for more general information about agricultural aircraft see aerial application. History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Origins. History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Other Aerial Applications. Th ...

Including:

History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Origins
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Other Aerial Applications History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Early Suggestions History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Alan Pritchard History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Doug Campbell History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Royal New Zealand Air Force trials
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Reaserch in Other Nations
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Australia History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Great Britian
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Supermen - private operators
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - AirworkNZ History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Fieldair History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Wanganui Aero Work History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - James Aviation
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Aircraft
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - War Surplus History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Existing designs History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Developing Specialist machines History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Pacific Aerospace
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Mature Industry History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Environmental Impact History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Print media History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Web sites

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A cell wall is a more or less solid layer surrounding a cell. They are found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and algae. Animals and most other protists have cell membranes without surrounding cell walls. When a cell wall is removed using cell wall degrading enzymes, what is left of the cell and its surrounding plasma membrane is called a protoplast. The cell walls main purpose is to actually protect the interior from any physical movement that may damage the cell.. Cell wall - Plant cell walls. Plant c ...

Including:

Cell wall - Plant cell walls
Cell wall - Composition of plant cell walls
Cell wall - Algal cell walls
Cell wall - Diatom cell walls
Cell wall - Prokaryotic cell walls Cell wall - Fungal cell walls Cell wall - Pictures

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Canker and anthracnose are general terms for a large number of different plant diseases, characterised by broadly similar symptoms, the appearance of small areas of dead tissue, which grow slowly, often over a period of years. Some are of only minor consequence, but others are ultimately lethal, and of major economic importance in agriculture and horticulture. Different cankers and anthracnoses are caused by a wide range of organisms, including fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas ...

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Sulfur (or sulphur; see spelling below) is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, tasteless, odorless, multivalent non-metal. Sulfur, in its native form, is a yellow crystaline solid. In nature, it can be found as the pure element or as sulfide and sulfate minerals. It is an essential element for life and is found in two amino acids. Its commercial uses are primarily in fertilizers but it is also widely used in gunpowder, matches, insecticides and fungici ...

Including:

Sulfur - Notable characteristics Sulfur - Applications Sulfur - Biological role Sulfur - Environmental Impact Sulfur - History Sulfur - Occurrence Sulfur - Compounds Sulfur - Isotopes Sulfur - Precautions Sulfur - Spelling

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Dandruff (Pityriasis capitis) is the excessive flaking of dead skin that forms on the scalp. As it is normal for skin cells to die and flake off, a small amount of flaking is normal and in fact quite common. Some people, however, either chronically or as a result of certain triggers, experience an unusually large amount of flaking, which can be not only a visual nuisance, but is also often accompanied by redness and irritation. Most cases of dandruff can be treated with spe ...

Including:

Dandruff - Causes
Dandruff - Nutrition
Dandruff - Treatment

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Creosote is the name used for a variety of products: wood creosote, coal tar creosote, coal tar, coal tar pitch, and coal tar pitch volatiles. These products are mixtures of many chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (known as PAHs), phenol, and cresols created by high temperature treatment of beech and other woods, coal, or from the resin of the Creosote bush. Wood creosote is a colorless to yellowish greasy liquid with a smoky odor a ...

Including:

Creosote - Health effects

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An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use -- usually aerial application of pesticides (crop dusting) or fertiliser (aerial topdressing); in this role they are referred to as "top dressers" or "crop dusters." Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding. The most common agricultural aircraft are fixed-wing, such as the Grumman Ag Cat, PAC Fletcher, or Rockwell Thrush Commander but helicopters are also used ...

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