Seeds and spores can be used to propagate plants. Seeds are typically produced from sexual reproduction within a species, since genetic recombination has occurred plants grown from seed may have different characteristics to its parents. Some species produce seed that requires special conditions to germinate like cold treatment. The seed of many Australian plants and plants from southern Africa and the American west require smoke or fire to germinate. Some plant species, including many trees do not produce seed until they reach maturity, which may take many years. Seed can be dif ...

See also:

Plant propagation, Plant propagation - Sexual propagation seed, Plant propagation - Asexual propagation, Plant propagation - External link

Read more here: » Plant propagation: Encyclopedia II - Plant propagation - Sexual propagation seed

Apple - Apple breeding. Like most perennial fruits, apples are ordinarily propagated asexually by grafting. Seedling apples are different from their parents, sometimes radically. Most new apple cultivars originate as seedlings, which either arise by chance or are bred by deliberately crossing cultivars with promising characteristics. The words seedling, pippin, and kernel in the name of an apple cultivar suggest that it originated as a seedling. Apples can also form bud sports (mutations on a ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Growing apples

Apple - Apple breeding. Like most perennial fruits, apples are ordinarily propagated asexually by grafting. Seedling apples are different from their parents, sometimes radically. Most new apple cultivars originate as seedlings, which either arise by chance or are bred by deliberately crossing cultivars with promising characteristics. The words seedling, pippin, and kernel in the name of an apple cultivar suggest that it originated as a seedling. Apples can also form bud sports (mutations on a ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects, Apple - Apples as symbols, Apple - Traditions

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Growing apples

45 million metric tons of apples were grown worldwide in 2002, with a value of about 10 billion USD. China produced almost half of this total. Argentina is the second leading producer, with more than 15% of the world production. The United States is the third leading producer, accounting for 7.5% of world production. Turkey is also a leading producer. France, Italy, South Africa and Chile are among the leading apple exporters. In the United States, more than 60% of all the apples sold commercially are grown in Washington state. Imported apples from New Zealand and other more temperate areas are competing w ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Commerce and uses

45 million metric tons of apples were grown worldwide in 2002, with a value of about 10 billion USD. China produced almost half of this total. Argentina is the second leading producer, with more than 15% of the world production. The United States is the third leading producer, accounting for 7.5% of world production. Turkey is also a leading producer. France, Italy, South Africa and Chile are among the leading apple exporters. In the United States, more than 60% of all the apples sold commercially are grown in Washington state. Imported apples from New Zealand and other more temperate areas are competing w ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects, Apple - Apples as symbols, Apple - Traditions

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Commerce and uses

The genus Prunus includes the almond, apricot, cherry, peach and plum, all of which have cultivars developed for commercial fruit production. The edible part of the almond is the seed; the almond fruit is a drupe and not a "nut". There are also a number of species, hybrids, and cultivars grown strictly as ornamental plants, usually for their profusion of flowers, occasionally for leaves and bark. These ornamentals include the group that may be collectively ca ...

See also:

Prunus, Prunus - Classification, Prunus - Uses, Prunus - Selected species by continent, Prunus - Old World:, Prunus - North America:

Read more here: » Prunus: Encyclopedia II - Prunus - Uses

Apples have long been considered healthy, as indicated by the proverb an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Research suggests that apples may reduce the risk of colon cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. They may also help with heart disease, weight loss and controlling cholesterol. A group of chemicals in apples could protect the brain from the type of damage that triggers such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's and Parkinsonism. Chang Y. "Cy" Lee of Cornell University found that the apple phenolics, which are natur ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Health benefits

Apples have long been considered healthy, as indicated by the proverb an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Research suggests that apples may reduce the risk of colon cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer. They may also help with heart disease, weight loss and controlling cholesterol. A group of chemicals in apples could protect the brain from the type of damage that triggers such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's and Parkinsonism. Chang Y. "Cy" Lee of Cornell University found that the apple phenolics, which are natur ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects, Apple - Apples as symbols, Apple - Traditions

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Health benefits

There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. Different cultivars are available for temperate and subtropical climates. Apples do not flower in tropical climates because they have a chilling requirement. Commercially-popular apple cultivars are soft but crisp. Other desired qualities in modern commercial apple breeding are a colourful skin, absence of russeting, ease of shipping, lengthy storage ability, high yields, disease resistance, typical 'Red D ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Apple cultivars

There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. Different cultivars are available for temperate and subtropical climates. Apples do not flower in tropical climates because they have a chilling requirement. Commercially-popular apple cultivars are soft but crisp. Other desired qualities in modern commercial apple breeding are a colourful skin, absence of russeting, ease of shipping, lengthy storage ability, high yields, disease resistance, typical 'Red D ...

See also:

Apple, Apple - Botanical origins, Apple - Apple cultivars, Apple - Growing apples, Apple - Apple breeding, Apple - Starting an orchard, Apple - Location, Apple - Pollination, Apple - Thinning, Apple - Pests and diseases, Apple - Harvest, Apple - Commerce and uses, Apple - Health benefits, Apple - Cultural aspects, Apple - Apples as symbols, Apple - Traditions

Read more here: » Apple: Encyclopedia II - Apple - Apple cultivars

Note: these lists are probably incomplete. Prunus - Old World:. Prunus armeniaca - Apricot. Central Asia to China. Prunus avium - Wild Cherry, also called the Gean, Mazzard, or Sweet Cherry, and the parent of most of the edible cherries. Europe to West Asia. Prunus brigantina - Briançon Apricot. Southeast France. Prunus campanulata - Bell-flowered Cherry. Southern China, Taiwan. Prunus canescens - Greyleaf Cherry. China.

Fruits of temperate climates are almost universally borne on trees or woody shrubs or lianas. They will not grow adequately in the tropics, as they need a period of cold (a chilling requirement) each year before they will flower. The apple, pear, cherry, and plum are the most widely grown and eaten, owing to their adaptability. Many other fruits are important regionally but do not figure prominently in commerce. Many sorts of small fruit on this list are gathered from the wild, just as they were in Neolithic times. ...

See also:

List of fruits, List of fruits - Temperate fruits, List of fruits - Rosaceae family, List of fruits - Berries, List of fruits - Fruits of Asian origin, List of fruits - Fruits of American origin, List of fruits - Cacti and other succulents, List of fruits - Podocarps, List of fruits - Herbaceous annuals fruits, List of fruits - Melons and other members of Cucurbitaceae or Solanaceae family, List of fruits - Accessory fruits, List of fruits - Vegetables, List of fruits - Mediterranean and subtropical fruits, List of fruits - Tropical fruits, List of fruits - Inedible fruit

Read more here: » List of fruits: Encyclopedia II - List of fruits - Temperate fruits

Shadow of the Colossus - Dormin's Character. The character of Dormin was apparently inspired by the biblical character Nimrod. The main connections made are the following: "Dormin" spelled backwards is "Nimrod". Nimrod was a warrior king who was said to have killed a bull with his bare hands and took to wearing its horns on his head as a crown. At the end of the game, the shadowy form Dormin assumes has horns. Also, when Dormin is possessing Wander, Wander has horns on his head, and the baby ...

See also:

Shadow of the Colossus, Shadow of the Colossus - Synopsis, Shadow of the Colossus - Japanese Packaging, Shadow of the Colossus - Story, Shadow of the Colossus - The Colossi, Shadow of the Colossus - Reminiscence Mode, Shadow of the Colossus - Characters, Shadow of the Colossus - Wander, Shadow of the Colossus - Mono, Shadow of the Colossus - Agro, Shadow of the Colossus - Dormin, Shadow of the Colossus - Emon, Shadow of the Colossus - Story Speculation, Shadow of the Colossus - Dormin's Character, Shadow of the Colossus - Connections to Ico, Shadow of the Colossus - Possible themes, Shadow of the Colossus - Weapons, Shadow of the Colossus - Gameplay unlockables secrets and extras, Shadow of the Colossus - Fruit Trees and Lizards, Shadow of the Colossus - Time Attack, Shadow of the Colossus - Climbing the Temple, Shadow of the Colossus - The Wooden Board, Shadow of the Colossus - Birds and Fish, Shadow of the Colossus - Controlling Dormin, Shadow of the Colossus - Getting to Mono, Shadow of the Colossus - Composer and soundtrack, Shadow of the Colossus - Track listing, Shadow of the Colossus - Viral marketing campaign, Shadow of the Colossus - Sources

Read more here: » Shadow of the Colossus: Encyclopedia II - Shadow of the Colossus - Story Speculation

Strange Fruit by Abel Meeropol (pseudonym: Lewis Allan) Southern trees bear a strange fruit, blood on the leaves and blood at the root, black body swinging in the Southern breeze, strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees. Pastoral scene of the gallant South, the bulging eyes and the twisted mouth, scent of magnolia, sweet and fresh, and the sudden smell of burning flesh. Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck, for the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, for the sun to rot, for a tree to drop, ...

See also:

Strange Fruit, Strange Fruit - Author, Strange Fruit - Meaning, Strange Fruit - Impact, Strange Fruit - Inspiration, Strange Fruit - Lyrics, Strange Fruit - Literature

Read more here: » Strange Fruit: Encyclopedia II - Strange Fruit - Lyrics

Flower of variety 'Majestic Beauty' thick, conical thorns Fruit ...

See also:

Floss silk tree, Floss silk tree - Uses, Floss silk tree - Gallery, Floss silk tree - Reference

Read more here: » Floss silk tree: Encyclopedia II - Floss silk tree - Gallery

The photosynthesis and carbon fixation conducted by land plants and algae are the ultimate source of energy and organic material in nearly all habitats. These processes also radically changed the composition of the Earth's atmosphere, which as a result contains a large proportion of oxygen. Animals and most other organisms are aerobic, relying on oxygen; those that do not are confined to relatively few, anaerobic environments. Much of human nutrition depends on cereals. Other plants that are eaten include fruits, vegetables, herbs, an ...

See also:

Plant, Plant - Embryophytes, Plant - Algae and Fungi, Plant - Importance, Plant - Growth, Plant - Fossils, Plant - Distribution, Plant - References and further reading

Read more here: » Plant: Encyclopedia II - Plant - Importance

Lemon fruit and flower Lemon Closeup Lemons Pair of lemons Lemon tree Lemon tree flowers unripe lemon ...

See also:

Lemon, Lemon - Gallery, Lemon - Other meanings

Read more here: » Lemon: Encyclopedia II - Lemon - Gallery

Plant fossils include roots, wood, leaves, seeds, fruit, pollen, spores, phytoliths, and amber (the fossilized resin produced by some plants). Fossil land plants are recorded in terrestrial, lacustrine, fluvial and nearshore marine sediments. Pollen, spores and algae (dinoflagellates and acritarchs) are used for dating sedimentary rock sequences. The remains of fossil plants are not as common as fossil animals, although plant fossils are locally ab ...

See also:

Plant, Plant - Embryophytes, Plant - Algae and Fungi, Plant - Importance, Plant - Growth, Plant - Fossils, Plant - Distribution, Plant - References and further reading

Read more here: » Plant: Encyclopedia II - Plant - Fossils

Auxins have been demonstrated to be the basic coordinative signal of plant development. Their transport throughout plants is complex, and often they also control action of other plant hormones. As a result, a plant can (as a whole) react on external conditions and adjust to them, without requiring a nervous system. They are sometimes referred to as cardinal plant hormones. The most important member of the auxin family is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which is believed to be the most effective native auxin. It generates the majority of auxin effects in intact plants. Unfortunately, molecules of IAA are chemically unstable, s ...

See also:

Auxin, Auxin - Overview, Auxin - Hormonal activity, Auxin - On a cellular level, Auxin - Organ patterns, Auxin - Organization of the plant, Auxin - Locations, Auxin - Effects, Auxin - Molecular mechanisms of auxin action, Auxin - Herbicide manufacture, Auxin - Sources

Read more here: » Auxin: Encyclopedia II - Auxin - Overview

It is a common misconception that most of the solid material in a plant is taken from the soil, when in fact almost all of it is actually taken from the air. Through a process known as photosynthesis, plants use the energy in sunlight to convert carbon dioxide from the air into simple sugars. These sugars are then used as building blocks and form the main structural component of the plant. Plants rely on soil primarily for water (in quantitative terms), but also obtain nitrogen, phospho ...

See also:

Plant, Plant - Embryophytes, Plant - Algae and Fungi, Plant - Importance, Plant - Growth, Plant - Fossils, Plant - Distribution, Plant - References and further reading

Read more here: » Plant: Encyclopedia II - Plant - Growth

Although auxins and their effects have been known for a long time, mechanisms of action in plants have remained unknown for a long time. In 2005 it was demonstrated that the F-box protein TIR1, which is part of the ubiquitin ligase complex SCFTIR1, is an auxin receptor. Upon auxin binding TIR1 recruit specific transcriptional repressors (the Aux/IAA repressors) for ubiquitination by the SCF complex. This marking process leads to the degradation of the repressors by the proteasome, alleviating repression and leading to specific gene expression in reponse to auxins. Another protein called ABP1 (Auxin Bindi ...

See also:

Auxin, Auxin - Overview, Auxin - Hormonal activity, Auxin - On a cellular level, Auxin - Organ patterns, Auxin - Organization of the plant, Auxin - Locations, Auxin - Effects, Auxin - Molecular mechanisms of auxin action, Auxin - Herbicide manufacture, Auxin - Sources

Read more here: » Auxin: Encyclopedia II - Auxin - Molecular mechanisms of auxin action

The serpent and tree theme, especially as it relates to the development of the earliest man, occurs in the beginning of the Hebrew Bible, a sacred text to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. It is also found in the Norse sagas as the ash tree Yggdrasil. Instead of having fruit that gives knowledge, it has magic springwater of knowledge. Although one should note that many times throughout the Bible, 'fruit' is used in a metaphorical sense, i.e. to bear fruit. In opposition to the serpent at the base, offering immortality, was an eagle and h ...

See also:

Tree of Life, Tree of Life - Analysis, Tree of Life - Interpretation within the Western Church

Read more here: » Tree of Life: Encyclopedia II - Tree of Life - Analysis