Free Officers Movement

National Democratic Party" National Democratic Party Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat (محمد أنورالسادات in Arabic) (December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and served as the third President of Egypt from September 28, 1970 until his assassination on October 6, 1981. He is considered one of the most important Egyptian and Arab leaders in the modern history. Anwar Sadat - Early life. Sadat was born in Mit Abu Al-Kum, Al-Minufiyah, Egypt, to a poor Egy ...

Including:

• Anwar Sadat - Early life
• Anwar Sadat - During Nasser Presidency
• Anwar Sadat - Presidency
• Anwar Sadat - Assassination
• Anwar Sadat - Family
• Anwar Sadat - Writings and Media by Sadat and on him

Read more here: » Anwar Sadat: Encyclopedia - Anwar Sadat

Qutb was raised in the Egyptian village of Musha and educated from a young age in the Qur'an. He moved to Cairo, where he received a Western education between 1929 and 1933, before starting his career as a teacher in the Ministry of Public Instruction. During his early career, Qutb devoted himself to literature as an author and critic, writing such novels as Ashwak (Thorns) and even elevating Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz from obscurity. In 1939 he became a functionary in Egypt's Ministry of Education (wizarat al-ma'arif< ...

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Sayyid Qutb, Sayyid Qutb - Life and public career, Sayyid Qutb - Evolution of thought, Sayyid Qutb - Philosophy, Sayyid Qutb - Criticisms, Sayyid Qutb - Legacy, Sayyid Qutb - Works, Sayyid Qutb - Related topics

Read more here: » Sayyid Qutb: Encyclopedia II - Sayyid Qutb - Life and public career

Egypt This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Egypt Constitution President: Hosni Mubarak Prime Minister: Ahmed Nazif Cabinet Parliament of Egypt - People's Assembly - Shura Council Supreme Constitutional Court Courts Elections President: 2005 Parlimentary Elections:2005 Political parties Former political partie ...

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Arab Socialist Union, Arab Socialist Union - Egypt, Arab Socialist Union - ASU Demise, Arab Socialist Union - Syria, Arab Socialist Union - Libya, Arab Socialist Union - Lebanon, Arab Socialist Union - Iraq

Read more here: » Arab Socialist Union: Encyclopedia II - Arab Socialist Union - Egypt

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom is the son of Abdul Gayoom Ibrahim (Maafaiygey Dhon Seedhi) and Khadheeja Moosa. His father had 25 children by 8 different wives and Gayoom is the 10th in his family. His mother passed away when he was studying in Cairo, Egypt. Gayoom's father who passed away in 1982, at the age of 87, saw the first term of his son's presidency. Much of Gayoom's early life was spent in Egypt. He was among the 15 students selected at the direction of the then-president Mohamed Amin Didi for special education overseas. At the age of ...

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Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Early and personal life, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Genealogy, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Education, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Career and Politics, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Presidency, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Notable visits and participations, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Criticism, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Reference

Read more here: » Maumoon Abdul Gayoom: Encyclopedia II - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Early and personal life

The Revolution Command Council (RCC), made up of the previous 9-member command committee of the Free Officers in addition to five more members, including Mohamed Naguib, is formed. Ali Maher is asked to form a civilian government. Popular expectations for immediate reforms led to the workers' riots in Kafr Dawar on August 12, 1952, which resulted in two death sentences. Ali Maher resigns on 7 September following differences with the officers. Mohamed Naguib becomes prime minister. On 9 September, the Agrarian Reform Law is passed ...

See also:

1952 Revolution, 1952 Revolution - Causes, 1952 Revolution - Road to the Revolution, 1952 Revolution - The Revolution, 1952 Revolution - After the Revolution, 1952 Revolution - 1954, 1952 Revolution - 1956, 1952 Revolution - The Tripartite Aggression, 1952 Revolution - Federation with Syria, 1952 Revolution - Yemen War, 1952 Revolution - 1967 War

Read more here: » 1952 Revolution: Encyclopedia II - 1952 Revolution - After the Revolution

Following his resignation, Naguib was then isolated by President Nasser in a villa owned by Zienab Al-Wakiel, wife of Mustafa an-Nahhas Pasha, ex-Prime Minister of Egypt. Naguib was released from his isolation in 1982 by President Mubarak. He died in 1984. ...

See also:

Muhammad Naguib, Muhammad Naguib - Early years, Muhammad Naguib - Military Career, Muhammad Naguib - Free Officers Movement, Muhammad Naguib - 1952 Revolution, Muhammad Naguib - After the Revolution, Muhammad Naguib - The Presidency, Muhammad Naguib - After the Presidency

Read more here: » Muhammad Naguib: Encyclopedia II - Muhammad Naguib - After the Presidency

After Taha's public lectures were banned in 1973, his disciples operated with some difficulty throughout most of Nimeiry's rule. Although their activities were always within the law, their views tended to arouse opposition from traditional and fundamentalist religious and political circles. Their opponents succeeded at times in applying various administrative and executive mechanisms to obstruct or limit the effectiveness of the Republicans. Denied access to the media, all of which were state-owned at that time, the Republicans had to ...

See also:

Mahmoud Mohamed Taha, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Early life and the beginning of Taha's political career, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The dissemination of Taha's new philosophy, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The Republicans during the May Regime 1969-1983, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - A movement that sought to liberate women, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Growing confrontation with President Nimeiry, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Trial and execution, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Disavowal of Taha's views by party members, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Aftermath and nullification of Taha's conviction and contemporary views on Taha's ideology

Read more here: » Mahmoud Mohamed Taha: Encyclopedia II - Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Growing confrontation with President Nimeiry

Nasser, a lieutenant colonel in the Egyptian army; founded and served as leader of the Free Officers Movement, a group of young members of the military all under thirty-five and all from low or lower middle-class backgrounds, dedicated to overthrowing the British-backed King Farouk I of Egypt. On July 23, 1952, Nasser led the military coup against King Farouk, which nominally brought to power General Muhammad Naguib, as a figurehead in order to keep the armed forces favorable to the coup organized by such junior officers. However, Nasser, the minister of the interi ...

See also:

Gamal Abdel Nasser, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Early Life, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Rise to Power, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Suez Crisis, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Arab Leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Six Day War, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Legacy, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Nasserism, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Aswan Dam, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Memory, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Writings

Read more here: » Gamal Abdel Nasser: Encyclopedia II - Gamal Abdel Nasser - Rise to Power

In 1973, Sadat, together with Syria, led Egypt into the Yom Kippur War with Israel, and succeeded in regaining parts of the Sinai Peninsula, which had been conquered by Israel during the Six-Day War. While the territorial gains of Egypt in this war were limited,approximately 15 km into the Sinai desert, Sadat's initial victories eventually led to regaining and reopening the Suez canal, and both restored Egyptian morale and shook Israeli confidence in their military supremacy, laying the ground for a peace settlement several years later. For many years after, Sada ...

See also:

Anwar Sadat, Anwar Sadat - Early life, Anwar Sadat - During Nasser Presidency, Anwar Sadat - Presidency, Anwar Sadat - Assassination, Anwar Sadat - Family, Anwar Sadat - Writings and Media by Sadat and on him

Read more here: » Anwar Sadat: Encyclopedia II - Anwar Sadat - Presidency

According to the United Nations' 1947 UN Partition Plan, proposing a partition of the British Mandate of Palestine, the areas of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank were to become part of a new Arab state. However, the Arab members of the U.N. stated that the plan was unjust and contrary to the U.N. Charter, and that they would not abide by it, presaging the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. In September 1948, partly as an Arab League move to limit the influence of Jordan (which claimed to be the Palestinians' legitimate ruler) over the Palestinian issue, ...

See also:

Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - 1948 and United Nations partition, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - King Farouk General Naguib and President Nasser, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - 1956 Suez War aftermath, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - Six Day War, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - Egypt-Israel peace

Read more here: » Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - 1948 and United Nations partition

Nasser, a lieutenant colonel in the army; founded and served as leader of the Free Officers Movement, a group of young members of the military all under thirty-five and all from peasant or lower middle-class backgrounds, dedicated to overthrowing the British-backed King Farouk I of Egypt. On July 23, 1952, Nasser led the military coup against King Farouk, which nominally brought to power General Muhammad Naguib, as a figurehead in order to keep the armed forces favorable to the coup organized by such junior officers. However, Nasser, the minister ...

See also:

Gamal Abdel Nasser, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Early Life, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Rise to Power, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Suez Crisis, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Arab Leader, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Six Day War, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Legacy, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Nasserism, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Aswan Dam, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Memory, Gamal Abdel Nasser - Writings

Read more here: » Gamal Abdel Nasser: Encyclopedia II - Gamal Abdel Nasser - Rise to Power

The leadership of the United Kingdom's General Bernard Montgomery at the Second Battle of El Alamein, or the Battle of Alamein at El Alamein in Egypt, marked a significant turning point of World War II and was the first major victory by a British-led force over the German Army. The battle lasted from October 23 to November 3, 1942. Following the First Battle of El Alamein, which had stalled the Axis advance, British general Bernard Montgomery took command of the Eighth Army from Claude Auchinleck in August 1942. Success in the battle ...

See also:

Military history of Egypt during World War II, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Introduction, Military history of Egypt during World War II - History of British rule, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Suez Canal, Military history of Egypt during World War II - United Kingdom's Mediterranean fleet, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Wartime neutrality, Military history of Egypt during World War II - King Farouk of Egypt, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Fascist Italian invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Italian defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Nazi German invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - German defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Young Egypt movement, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Anti-British activities, Military history of Egypt during World War II - British victory, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Situation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Allied Plan, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Battle, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Churchill's summation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - 1943 Cairo Conference, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Cairo Declaration

Read more here: » Military history of Egypt during World War II: Encyclopedia II - Military history of Egypt during World War II - British victory

The trial lasted less than two hours. On the first day, Monday, January 7, the only witness for the prosecution, the police officer who interviewed the accused after their arrest, was examined by the public prosecutor and the judge. His testimony lasted about an hour, The witness submitted the only exhibit for the prosecution, the leaflet published by the Republicans on December 25, 1984. Since the accused boycotted the trial, there was nothing for the judge to do ex ...

See also:

Mahmoud Mohamed Taha, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Early life and the beginning of Taha's political career, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The dissemination of Taha's new philosophy, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The Republicans during the May Regime 1969-1983, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - A movement that sought to liberate women, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Growing confrontation with President Nimeiry, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Trial and execution, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Disavowal of Taha's views by party members, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Aftermath and nullification of Taha's conviction and contemporary views on Taha's ideology

Read more here: » Mahmoud Mohamed Taha: Encyclopedia II - Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Trial and execution

For most of the remaining years of his life, Taha confined himself to guiding the activities of the organization by then known as the "Republican Brothers", which included a growing number of female members. Both male and female members of the organization continued to propagate the Second Message of Islam despite harassment by some officials and members of the security forces. Since it was crucial to Taha that he should practice what he preached, he tried to establish a community, which applied, as far as possible, the main tenets of his vi ...

See also:

Mahmoud Mohamed Taha, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Early life and the beginning of Taha's political career, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The dissemination of Taha's new philosophy, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The Republicans during the May Regime 1969-1983, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - A movement that sought to liberate women, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Growing confrontation with President Nimeiry, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Trial and execution, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Disavowal of Taha's views by party members, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Aftermath and nullification of Taha's conviction and contemporary views on Taha's ideology

Read more here: » Mahmoud Mohamed Taha: Encyclopedia II - Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - A movement that sought to liberate women

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom acquired his education from Al-Azhar University of Egypt. He went to Eygypt in March 1950 when he was 12. In Egypt he spent six months to learn Arabic in order for his enrolment. Gayoom was enrolled in Faculty of Sharia and Civil Law. In 1966, he obtained his Bachelor's degree and Master's degree in Islamic Sharia and civil Law, with the degree of excellence with honors. In addition to his MA from Al-Azhar University, he obtained a second Masters Degree in the same field from the American University in Cairo. Gayo ...

See also:

Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Early and personal life, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Genealogy, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Education, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Career and Politics, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Presidency, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Notable visits and participations, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Criticism, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Reference

Read more here: » Maumoon Abdul Gayoom: Encyclopedia II - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom - Education

Following Taha's execution on Friday morning, which they were made to attend, the four convicted Republicans declared their intention to recant and were accordingly pardoned and allowed to go free on Saturday the 19th. Their recanting was videotaped and shown on national television in an attempt to discourage any sympathy with the Republicans that might lead to a revolt against the regime. By agreeing to dismantle their organization and refrain from further propagation of Taha's vews, all of the nearly four hundred Republican men and ...

See also:

Mahmoud Mohamed Taha, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Early life and the beginning of Taha's political career, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The dissemination of Taha's new philosophy, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - The Republicans during the May Regime 1969-1983, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - A movement that sought to liberate women, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Growing confrontation with President Nimeiry, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Trial and execution, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Disavowal of Taha's views by party members, Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Aftermath and nullification of Taha's conviction and contemporary views on Taha's ideology

Read more here: » Mahmoud Mohamed Taha: Encyclopedia II - Mahmoud Mohamed Taha - Disavowal of Taha's views by party members

In 1882 Egypt became a de facto British colony. This continued until 1922 when Egypt was granted its independence, but British troops remained in the country and true self rule did not occur until 1952 with the rise to power of Colonel Gamal Abdul Nasser. Military history of Egypt during World War II - History of British rule. In 1882 Ahmed Urabi led a revolt of Egyptian military officers and commoners against European and Ottoman domination of Egypt. A British expeditionary force crushed this revol ...

See also:

Military history of Egypt during World War II, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Introduction, Military history of Egypt during World War II - History of British rule, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Suez Canal, Military history of Egypt during World War II - United Kingdom's Mediterranean fleet, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Wartime neutrality, Military history of Egypt during World War II - King Farouk of Egypt, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Fascist Italian invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Italian defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Nazi German invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - German defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Young Egypt movement, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Anti-British activities, Military history of Egypt during World War II - British victory, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Situation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Allied Plan, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Battle, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Churchill's summation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - 1943 Cairo Conference, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Cairo Declaration

Read more here: » Military history of Egypt during World War II: Encyclopedia II - Military history of Egypt during World War II - Introduction

Adolf Hitler sent his army to North Africa starting in February of 1941 (see Operation Sonnenblume). Nazi Germany's General Erwin Rommel's Deutsches Afrikakorps coming from victories at Tobruk in Libya, and in a classic blitzkrieg, comprehensively outfought British forces. Within weeks the British had been pushed back into Egypt. Military history of Egypt during World War II - German defeat. Rommel's offensive was eventually stopped at the small railway halt of El Alamein, just 60 miles from Cairo. ...

See also:

Military history of Egypt during World War II, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Introduction, Military history of Egypt during World War II - History of British rule, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Suez Canal, Military history of Egypt during World War II - United Kingdom's Mediterranean fleet, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Wartime neutrality, Military history of Egypt during World War II - King Farouk of Egypt, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Fascist Italian invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Italian defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Nazi German invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - German defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Young Egypt movement, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Anti-British activities, Military history of Egypt during World War II - British victory, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Situation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Allied Plan, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Battle, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Churchill's summation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - 1943 Cairo Conference, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Cairo Declaration

Read more here: » Military history of Egypt during World War II: Encyclopedia II - Military history of Egypt during World War II - Nazi German invasion

The overtly fascist "Young Egypt" (Misr al-Fatah) movement, was founded in October 1933 by the lawyer Ahmed Hussein and was modeled directly on the German Nazi party, with paramilitary Green Shirts, Nazi salute and translations of Nazi slogans. Major Nazi sympathizers of this era include Ahmad Shukeiri, the first chairman of the PLO; Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat; and the founders of the Pan-Arab socialist Ba'ath Party of Syria and Iraq. "Young Egypt" attracted Nasser and Sadat (who would eventually become Presidents of Eg ...

See also:

Military history of Egypt during World War II, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Introduction, Military history of Egypt during World War II - History of British rule, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Suez Canal, Military history of Egypt during World War II - United Kingdom's Mediterranean fleet, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Wartime neutrality, Military history of Egypt during World War II - King Farouk of Egypt, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Fascist Italian invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Italian defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Nazi German invasion, Military history of Egypt during World War II - German defeat, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Young Egypt movement, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Anti-British activities, Military history of Egypt during World War II - British victory, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Situation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Allied Plan, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Battle, Military history of Egypt during World War II - Churchill's summation, Military history of Egypt during World War II - 1943 Cairo Conference, Military history of Egypt during World War II - The Cairo Declaration

Read more here: » Military history of Egypt during World War II: Encyclopedia II - Military history of Egypt during World War II - Young Egypt movement

On October 29, 1956, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula with French and British cooperation. The invasion was a military success, but a political failure: the United States forced the attackers to withdraw. See main article Suez Crisis. In 1964, with Nasser's support, the PLO was established, led by Ahmed Shukeiri. Yassir Arafat became a prominent figure in the PLO, and eventually became its leader in 1969. ...

See also:

Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - 1948 and United Nations partition, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - King Farouk General Naguib and President Nasser, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - 1956 Suez War aftermath, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - Six Day War, Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - Egypt-Israel peace

Read more here: » Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt - 1956 Suez War aftermath