Frederick II of Prussia

The naval operations of this war were languid and confused. They are complicated by the fact that they were entangled with the Spanish war, which broke out in 1739 in consequence of the long disputes between Britain and Spain over their conflicting claims in America. Until the closing years they were conducted with small intelligence or spirit. The Spanish government was nerveless, and sacrificed its true interest to the family ambition of the king Philip V of Spain, who wished to establish his younger sons as ruling princes in Italy. French ...

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War of the Austrian Succession, War of the Austrian Succession - Frederick Invades Silesia: 1740, War of the Austrian Succession - Silesian Campaign of 1741, War of the Austrian Succession - The Allies in Bohemia, War of the Austrian Succession - Campaign of 1742, War of the Austrian Succession - The French at Prague, War of the Austrian Succession - The campaign of 1743, War of the Austrian Succession - The campaign of 1744, War of the Austrian Succession - The campaign of 1745, War of the Austrian Succession - Operations in Italy 1745-1747, War of the Austrian Succession - Other theaters of operations, War of the Austrian Succession - Later campaigns, War of the Austrian Succession - General character of the War, War of the Austrian Succession - Naval Operations, War of the Austrian Succession - Conclusion of the War

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Princess Amelia was born in Schloss Herrenhausen, Hanover, Germany. Her father was The Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later King George II of Great Britain), the son of the Elector of Hanover (later King George I of Great Britain). Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. At her birth she was styled Her Serene Highness Prince ...

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Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain, Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain - Early Life, Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain - Princess of Great Britain, Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain - Later Life, Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain - Titles

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August II charged first Johann Jakob Irminger with the design of new vessels. In 1720 Johann Gregorius Höroldt became the director and introduced brilliant colors which made Meissen porcelain famous. The next sculptor, Johann Jakob Kirchner, was the first to make important statues and figurines. His assistant was Johann Joachim Kaendler who would become the most famous of the Meissen sculptors. In 1722 Kirchner resigned and Kaendler took over as the "modelmaster". Under his direction Meissen produced small series of figurines that often dep ...

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Meißen porcelain, Meißen porcelain - Beginnings, Meißen porcelain - Early Work, Meißen porcelain - Famous trademark, Meißen porcelain - Artistic development, Meißen porcelain - Tableware patterns, Meißen porcelain - Ownership, Meißen porcelain - Personalities, Meißen porcelain - Reference

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He was born in Aix-en-Provence. His family was poor though noble; he was educated at the college of Aix, where he learned little — neither Latin nor Greek — but by means of a translation acquired a great admiration for Plutarch. He entered the army as sub-lieutenant in the king's regiment, and served for more than ten years, taking part during the War of the Polish Succession in the Italian campaign of Marshal Villars in 1733, and in the disastrous expedition to Bohemia in support of Frederick II of Prussia's designs on Silesia, i ...

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Luc de Clapiers marquis de Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers marquis de Vauvenargues - Life, Luc de Clapiers marquis de Vauvenargues - Work, Luc de Clapiers marquis de Vauvenargues - Some aphorisms and maxims

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Geldern - Dragon legend. According to folk legend, local noblemen Wichard and Lupold of Pont fought a fire-breathing dragon around 878. They found it under a medlar trea, and one of them stabbed it with his spear. The dying dragon rattled two or three times: Gelre! Gelre!. In commemoration of this heroic feat, the Lords of Pont founded the city of Geldern at the confluence of the Niers and the Fleuth. See also:

Geldern, Geldern - Geography, Geldern - Location, Geldern - Subdivisions, Geldern - Neighbouring towns and municipalities, Geldern - Coat of arms, Geldern - History, Geldern - Dragon legend, Geldern - Middle Ages, Geldern - 18th century, Geldern - Modern era, Geldern - Religion, Geldern - Territorial reorganization, Geldern - Population, Geldern - Culture and tourism, Geldern - Buildings, Geldern - Events, Geldern - City twinnings, Geldern - Transport, Geldern - Aviation, Geldern - Trains and buses, Geldern - Roads, Geldern - son and daughters of this City, Geldern - Pedigree

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French language - The Roman invasion of Gaul. The French language is a Romance language, meaning that it is descended from Latin. Before the Roman invasion of what is modern-day France by Julius Cæsar (58–52 BC), France was inhabited largely by a Celtic people that the Romans referred to as Gauls, although there were also other linguistic/ethnic groups in France at this time, such as the Iberians in southern France and Spain, the Ligurians on the Mediterranean coast, Greek colonies such as Massalia (i.e. present-day Marseille), Phoenician outposts, an ...

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French language, French language - History, French language - The Roman invasion of Gaul, French language - The Franks, French language - Langue d'Oïl, French language - Foreign language groups, French language - Modern French, French language - Modern issues, French language - Geographic distribution, French language - Legal status in France, French language - Legal status in Canada, French language - Legal status in other countries, French language - Regional Varieties, French language - Derived languages, French language - Sound system, French language - Grammar, French language - Vocabulary, French language - Numerals, French language - Writing system

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This section focusses on the political context. For military aspects of these campaigns see the Williamite war in Ireland and Jacobite Risings. Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland. James II and VII had his viceroy Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell take action to secure Ireland for the Catholic cause, culminating in the Siege of Derry which began on 7 December 1688. By then the deposed James had fled to France, and with support from King Louis XIV of France, who was already at war with William ...

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Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Political background, Jacobitism - Religion politics and adventurers, Jacobitism - Ireland, Jacobitism - England and Scotland, Jacobitism - The Scottish Highlands, Jacobitism - Opportunists and Adventurers, Jacobitism - Jacobite community ideology and policy, Jacobitism - Military campaigns and Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland, Jacobitism - Bonnie Dundee, Jacobitism - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion, Jacobitism - Union and Hanoverians, Jacobitism - The 'Fifteen, Jacobitism - Jacobitism in England, Jacobitism - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion, Jacobitism - The Atterbury plot, Jacobitism - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen in Scotland, Jacobitism - The Cornbury plot, Jacobitism - 1744 French invasion attempt, Jacobitism - The 'Forty-Five', Jacobitism - Decline of Jacobitism, Jacobitism - The Elibank plot, Jacobitism - Crushing of the clans, Jacobitism - Henry IX, Jacobitism - Outcome, Jacobitism - Romantic revival, Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England Scotland France and Ireland, Jacobitism - Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria, Jacobitism - Alternative Successions

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Also see: Habsburg Monarchy History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526. Following the extinction of the Babenbergs in the 13th century, Austria came briefly under the rule of the Czech King Otakar II. Contesting the election of Rudolf I of Habsburg as Emperor, Otakar was defeated and killed by the German King, who took Austria and gave it to his sons in 1278. Austria was ruled by the Habsburgs for the next 640 years. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Habsburgs began to accumulate other provinces in ...

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History of Austria, History of Austria - Early history, History of Austria - Early middle ages, History of Austria - Babenberg Austria, History of Austria - The Habsburg Monarchy 13th century–1918, History of Austria - Beginnings 1278-1526, History of Austria - The Reformation and Austria's Rise to Power 1526-1714, History of Austria - Charles VI and Maria Theresa 1711-1780, History of Austria - The Reigns of Joseph II and Leopold II 1780-1792, History of Austria - The Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon 1792-1814, History of Austria - The Nineteenth Century 1815-1918, History of Austria - The First Republic 1918–1934, History of Austria - Austrofascism 1934–1938, History of Austria - Part of Nazi Germany 1938–1945, History of Austria - The Second Republic since 1945, History of Austria - Allied occupation, History of Austria - Independence and political development during the Second Republic, History of Austria - The 90s and the recent past, History of Austria - Reference

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The efforts of the dukes to increase their power and to give unity to the duchy had met with a fair measure of success; but they were soon vitiated by partitions among different members of the family, which for 250 years made the history of Bavaria little more than a jejune chronicle of territorial divisions bringing war and weakness in their train. The first of these divisions occurred in 1255. Louis II and Henry I, the sons of Duke Otto II, who for two years after their father's death had ruled Bavaria jointly, split their inheritance: Louis II obtained the western part of the duchy, afterwards called Upper Bav ...

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History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

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Carteret's interests were however in foreign, and not in domestic policy. His serious work in public life began with his appointment, early in 1719, as Ambassador to Sweden. During this and the following year he was employed in saving Sweden from the attacks of Peter the Great, and in arranging the pacification of the north. His efforts were finally successful. During this period of diplomatic work he acquired an exceptional knowledge of the affairs of Europe, and in particular of Germany, and displayed great tact and temper in dealin ...

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John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Family, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Marriage, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Diplomat, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Rivalry with Walpole, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Americas, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Queen Caroline, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Earl of Granville, John Carteret 2nd Earl Granville - Death

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In 1737, he built his first automaton, The Flute Player, a life-size figure of a shepherd that played the tabor and the pipe and had a repertoire of twelve songs. The following year, in early 1738, he presented his creation to the Académie des Sciences [4]. At the time, mechanical creatures were somewhat a fad in Europe, but most could be classified as toys, and de Vaucanson's creations were recogn ...

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Jacques de Vaucanson, Jacques de Vaucanson - Early life, Jacques de Vaucanson - Career as Inventor of Automatons, Jacques de Vaucanson - Appointment to French Government, Jacques de Vaucanson - Legacy

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French language - The Roman invasion of Gaul. The French language is a Romance language, meaning that it is descended from Latin. Before the Roman invasion of what is modern-day France by Julius Cæsar (58–52 BC), France was inhabited largely by a Celtic people that the Romans referred to as Gauls, although there were also other linguistic/ethnic groups in France at this time, such as the Iberians in southern France and Spain, the Ligurians on the Mediterranean coast, Greek colonies such as Massalia (i.e. present-day Marseille), Phoenician outposts, an ...

See also:

French language, French language - History, French language - The Roman invasion of Gaul, French language - The Franks, French language - Langue d'Oïl, French language - Foreign language groups, French language - Modern French, French language - Modern issues, French language - Geographic distribution, French language - Legal status in France, French language - Legal status in Canada, French language - Legal status in other countries, French language - Dialects, French language - Derived languages, French language - Sound system, French language - Grammar, French language - Vocabulary, French language - Numerals, French language - Writing system

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Bestuzhev's chance came when the empress Elizabeth, immediately after her accession (December 6, 1741), summoned him back to court, and appointed him vice-chancellor. For the next twenty years, during a period of exceptional difficulty, he practically controlled the foreign policy of Russia. Bestuzhev at this time judged France the natural enemy of Russia. The interests of the two states in Turkey, Poland and Sweden clashed diametrically, and Russia needed always to fear the intrigues of France in these three borderlands. All the enem ...

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Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Early life and career, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Grand Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin - Anti-Prussian coalition

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French language - The Roman invasion of Gaul. The French language is a Romance language, meaning that it is descended from Latin. Before the Roman invasion of what is modern-day France by Julius Cæsar (58–52 BC), France was inhabited largely by a Celtic people that the Romans referred to as Gauls, although there were also other linguistic/ethnic groups in France at this time, such as the Iberians in southern France and Spain, the Ligurians on the Mediterranean coast, Greek colonies such as Massalia (i.e. present-day Marseille), Phoenician outposts, an ...

See also:

French language, French language - History, French language - The Roman invasion of Gaul, French language - The Franks, French language - Langue d'Oïl, French language - Foreign language groups, French language - Modern French, French language - Modern issues, French language - Geographic distribution, French language - Legal status in France, French language - Legal status in Canada, French language - Legal status in other countries, French language - Dialects, French language - Derived languages, French language - Sound system, French language - Grammar, French language - Vocabulary, French language - Levels of register, French language - Numerals, French language - Writing system

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Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism in the New Testament. Christian theology rooted in Roman Catholic theology was stimulated by the traditional reading of the New Testament, resulting in 'replacement theology' (or supersessionism), which taught that with the coming of Jesus a new covenant has rendered obsolete and has superseded the religion of Judaism. It was believed that the Jews, as a people, were responsible for the death of Jesus, and a number of early and influential Church works -- such as the dialogues of Justin Martyr, the homilies of John Chrysostom, and the testimoni ...

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Anti-Semitism, Anti-Semitism - Etymology and usage, Anti-Semitism - Definitions of the term, Anti-Semitism - Earliest Antisemitism, Anti-Semitism - Religious Antisemitism, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism in the New Testament, Anti-Semitism - Early Christianity, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the Middle Ages, Anti-Semitism - Disabilities and Restrictions, Anti-Semitism - The Crusades, Anti-Semitism - The expulsions from England France Germany and Spain, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Judaism and the Reformation, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in 19th and 20th century Catholicism, Anti-Semitism - Passion plays, Anti-Semitism - Racial anti-Semitism, Anti-Semitism - The rise of racial anti-Semitism, Anti-Semitism - Elites and the use of Anti-semitism, Anti-Semitism - Dreyfus Affair, Anti-Semitism - Pogroms, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Jewish Legislation, Anti-Semitism - The Holocaust and Holocaust Denial, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitic conspiracy theories, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and the Muslim world, Anti-Semitism - Anti-semitism and specific countries, Anti-Semitism - United States, Anti-Semitism - Europe, Anti-Semitism - Asia, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism, Anti-Semitism - New anti-Semitism, Anti-Semitism - Anti-Semitism in the 21st century

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Since Henry's death, none of the Jacobite heirs has actually claimed the throne. They are as follows (given with their Jacobite regnal titles): Charles IV (ex-King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia (July 13, 1807 – October 6, 1819), who was descended from the youngest daughter of Charles I). Victor (King Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia) (October 6, 1819 – January 10, 1824), his brother. Mary III and II1 (Maria Beatrice, Princess of Sardinia and later by marriage Duchess of Modena ...

See also:

Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Political background, Jacobitism - Religion, politics and adventurers, Jacobitism - Ireland, Jacobitism - England and Scotland, Jacobitism - The Scottish Highlands, Jacobitism - Opportunists and Adventurers, Jacobitism - Jacobite community, ideology and policy, Jacobitism - Military campaigns and Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland, Jacobitism - Bonnie Dundee, Jacobitism - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion, Jacobitism - Union and Hanoverians, Jacobitism - The 'Fifteen, Jacobitism - Jacobitism in England, Jacobitism - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion, Jacobitism - The Atterbury plot, Jacobitism - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen in Scotland, Jacobitism - The Cornbury plot, Jacobitism - 1744 French invasion attempt, Jacobitism - The 'Forty-Five', Jacobitism - Decline of Jacobitism, Jacobitism - The Elibank plot, Jacobitism - Crushing of the clans, Jacobitism - Henry IX, Jacobitism - Outcome, Jacobitism - Romantic revival, Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Jacobitism - Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria, Jacobitism - Alternative Successions

Read more here: » Jacobitism: Encyclopedia II - Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland

While Jacobitism was closely linked with Roman Catholicism from the outset particularly in Ireland, elsewhere in Britain Catholics were in a tiny minority by 1689 and the bulk of Jacobite support came from other groups. Catholics formed about 75% of the population of Ireland, but in England only around 1% and in Scotland about 2%. Jacobitism - Ireland. Irish support for James II was mostly from Catholics, though by taking the French side against the League of Augsburg, he was siding against the Papacy. Wil ...

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Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Political background, Jacobitism - Religion, politics and adventurers, Jacobitism - Ireland, Jacobitism - England and Scotland, Jacobitism - The Scottish Highlands, Jacobitism - Opportunists and Adventurers, Jacobitism - Jacobite community, ideology and policy, Jacobitism - Military campaigns and Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland, Jacobitism - Bonnie Dundee, Jacobitism - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion, Jacobitism - Union and Hanoverians, Jacobitism - The 'Fifteen, Jacobitism - Jacobitism in England, Jacobitism - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion, Jacobitism - The Atterbury plot, Jacobitism - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen in Scotland, Jacobitism - The Cornbury plot, Jacobitism - 1744 French invasion attempt, Jacobitism - The 'Forty-Five', Jacobitism - Decline of Jacobitism, Jacobitism - The Elibank plot, Jacobitism - Crushing of the clans, Jacobitism - Henry IX, Jacobitism - Outcome, Jacobitism - Romantic revival, Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Jacobitism - Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria, Jacobitism - Alternative Successions

Read more here: » Jacobitism: Encyclopedia II - Jacobitism - Religion, politics and adventurers

From its religious roots, Jacobite ideology was passed on through committed families of the nobility and gentry who would have pictures of the exiled royal family and of Cavalier and Jacobite martyrs, and take part in networks of like minded Freemasons. Even today, some Highland clans and regiments pass their drink over a glass of water during the Loyal Toast — to the King Over the Water. More widely, commoners developed communities in areas where they could fraternise in Jacobite alehouses, inns and taverns, singing seditious songs, colle ...

See also:

Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Political background, Jacobitism - Religion, politics and adventurers, Jacobitism - Ireland, Jacobitism - England and Scotland, Jacobitism - The Scottish Highlands, Jacobitism - Opportunists and Adventurers, Jacobitism - Jacobite community, ideology and policy, Jacobitism - Military campaigns and Jacobitism, Jacobitism - Jacobite war in Ireland, Jacobitism - Bonnie Dundee, Jacobitism - The Old Pretender's attempted invasion, Jacobitism - Union and Hanoverians, Jacobitism - The 'Fifteen, Jacobitism - Jacobitism in England, Jacobitism - Spanish supported Jacobite invasion, Jacobitism - The Atterbury plot, Jacobitism - Aftermath of the 'Fifteen in Scotland, Jacobitism - The Cornbury plot, Jacobitism - 1744 French invasion attempt, Jacobitism - The 'Forty-Five', Jacobitism - Decline of Jacobitism, Jacobitism - The Elibank plot, Jacobitism - Crushing of the clans, Jacobitism - Henry IX, Jacobitism - Outcome, Jacobitism - Romantic revival, Jacobitism - Jacobite Claimants to the Thrones of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, Jacobitism - Future descent after the Duke of Bavaria, Jacobitism - Alternative Successions

Read more here: » Jacobitism: Encyclopedia II - Jacobitism - Jacobite community, ideology and policy

In 920 Conrad's successor as German king, Henry the Fowler of the Ottonian dynasty, recognized Arnulf as duke, confirming his right to appoint bishops, coin money and issue laws. A similar conflict took place between Arnulf's son and successor Eberhard and Henry's son Otto I the Great. Eberhard proved less successful than his father, and in 938 fled from Bavaria, which Otto granted (with reduced privileges) to the late duke's uncle, Bertold. Otto also appointed a ...

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History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

Read more here: » History of Bavaria: Encyclopedia II - History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods

The history of Bavaria for the ensuing century intertwines with that of the Carolingian empire. Given at the partition of 817 to the king of the East Franks, Louis the German, Bavaria formed part of the larger territories confirmed to him in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun. Louis made Regensburg the centre of his government and actively developed Bavaria, providing for its security by numerous campaigns against the Slavs. When he divided his possessions in 865, it passed to his eldest son, Carloman, who had already managed its administration, an ...

See also:

History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

Read more here: » History of Bavaria: Encyclopedia II - History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period

During the years following the dissolution of the Carolingian empire the borders of Bavaria changed continually, and for a lengthy period after 955 expanded. To the west the Lech still divided Bavaria from Swabia, but on three other sides Bavaria took advantage of opportunities for expansion, and the duchy occupied a considerable area north of the Danube. During the later years of the rule of the Welfs, however, a contrary tendency operated, and the extent of Bavaria shrank. The immense energies of Duke Henry the Lion focused on his northern ...

See also:

History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

Read more here: » History of Bavaria: Encyclopedia II - History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations

Whatever lustre the international position won by Maximilian I might add to the ducal house, on Bavaria itself its effect during the next two centuries was more dubious. Maximilian's son, Ferdinand Maria (1651-1679), who was a minor when he succeeded, did much indeed to repair the wounds caused by the Thirty Years' War, encouraging agriculture and industries, and building or restoring numerous churches and monasteries. In 1669, moreover, he again called a meeting of the diet, which had been suspended since 1612. His good work, however, was l ...

See also:

History of Bavaria, History of Bavaria - Early settlements and Roman Raetia, History of Bavaria - Migrations and early Medieval Period, History of Bavaria - Bavaria and the Agilolfings under Frankish Overlordship, History of Bavaria - Christianity, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Carolingian Period, History of Bavaria - The Duchy during the Ottonian and Salian Periods, History of Bavaria - The Welfs, History of Bavaria - Geographic Fluctuations, History of Bavaria - The Wittelsbach Dynasty, History of Bavaria - Partitions, History of Bavaria - The Reunited Duchy, History of Bavaria - The Electorate, History of Bavaria - Revolutionary and Napoleonic, History of Bavaria - The Kingdom, History of Bavaria - German Empire, History of Bavaria - Modern Times, History of Bavaria - Bibliography, History of Bavaria - Notes

Read more here: » History of Bavaria: Encyclopedia II - History of Bavaria - The Electorate