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Fortitude | A Wisdom Archive on Fortitude | | Fortitude A selection of articles related to Fortitude | |
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fortitude, Fortitude
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Fortitude | |
| | |  Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Fortitude North
Fortitude North consisted of the creation of the fictional British Fourth Army, complete with subsidiary units and headquarters. Fake radio traffic was created (an operation called Operation Skye), along with media reports of units activities. British diplomats also began negotiations with neutral Sweden in order to obtain concessions that would be useful in the event of an invasion of Norway, such as the right to fly reconnaissence missions over Sweden and the right to refuel planes that made emergency landings. These negotiations were made not in the hope of obtaining the concessions but more in the hope that news o ...
See also:Operation Fortitude, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South, Operation Fortitude - Operation Quicksilver, Operation Fortitude - Double Agents, Operation Fortitude - Myths, Operation Fortitude - Reasons for success, Operation Fortitude - Quotes Read more here: » Operation Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Fortitude North |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South Fortitude South was conducted with the intention of persuading the Germans that an invasion would come to the Pas de Calais - a logical strategic choice for an invasion since it was the closest part of France to England. While it was hoped that this would reduce the number of troops in the Normandy area at the time of the invasion, even more important was to dissuade the Germans from reinforcing the Normandy battleground in the days immediately after the invasion. To this end the Allies hoped to convince the Germans that the Normandy invasion, when it occurred, was a diversio ...
See also:Operation Fortitude, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South, Operation Fortitude - Operation Quicksilver, Operation Fortitude - Double Agents, Operation Fortitude - Myths, Operation Fortitude - Reasons for success, Operation Fortitude - Quotes Read more here: » Operation Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South |
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| | |  Fortitude: A Glowing Tribute To The Tenth Guru The individual's moral fibre had to be strengthened through basic convictions. With this farsightedness, the tenth and last Guru, Gobind Singh, set about honing the faith's dynamics through innovation and personal example. His rigorous self-discipline and inner fortitude were exemplified by his equanimity and poise in the face of tragedies few encounter in their lifetime. He was nine when he received the head of his father Guru Tegh Bahadur, beheaded in Delhi on the orders of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb. His father had chosen martyrdom to demonstrate to Aurangzeb - and the people of India - that a man convinced of his moral purpose and inalienable right to practise his own religion, is unafraid to die. (See also: Guru Gobind Singh, Spiritual Guidance, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)
Read more here: » Guru Gobind Singh: A Glowing Tribute To The Tenth Guru |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Myths Fortitude South has become hedged about with a number of myths and errors. To correct the most important of these:
2. Fortitude was NOT devised or developed either by the London Controlling Section, the key deception planning element for the British Chiefs of Staff, or by the "Twenty (XX) Committee". Fortitude North was devised, and its conduct supervised, by a section of Eisenhower's SHAEF operations staff known as "Ops (B)." Fortitude South was devised, and its conduct supervised, by Colonel David Strangeways, the chief deception officer for General Montgomery's 21st Army Group, which was ...
See also:Operation Fortitude, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude North, Operation Fortitude - Fortitude South, Operation Fortitude - Operation Quicksilver, Operation Fortitude - Double Agents, Operation Fortitude - Myths, Operation Fortitude - Reasons for success, Operation Fortitude - Quotes Read more here: » Operation Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Operation Fortitude - Myths |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia - Battle of Normandy The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allied forces as part of the larger conflict of World War II. Sixty years later, the Normandy invasion, codenamed Operation OVERLORD, remains the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving almost three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy in then German-occupied France.
The main Allied forces came from the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, but a total of twelve nations contributed units, the rest being Australia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, ...
Including:
Read more here: » Battle of Normandy: Encyclopedia - Battle of Normandy |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Dharmam The teachings on dharmam has two levels of understanding: One, as a principle of 'righteousness', and the other, as a concrete activity of 'charity' or 'almsgiving'. As a principle, the followers of Ayyavazhi believed that the prime motive of the mission of Ayya Vaikundar was to establish Dharmam in this world by destroying the evil force of kali. It is said in Akilattirattu that people, even as listening to the teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, 'realised' that the evil of kali was gradually being withdrawn from the world and that Dharmam was bei ...
See also:Salient Teachings, Salient Teachings - Dharmam, Salient Teachings - Courage and Fortitude, Salient Teachings - Living with Dignity, Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination, Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors, Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation, Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples, Salient Teachings - Against Brahmin Domination, Salient Teachings - Worship Centres - Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Salient Teachings - Disciples Read more here: » Salient Teachings: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Dharmam |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination Akilattirattu projected to the imagination of the followers of Ayyavazhi an ideal society where the caste discrimination did not exist. In its account of the past, Akilattirattu speaks of an age when people lived as one family without the discrimination of caste. It blames the kalineesan for dividing the people on the basis of caste. It speaks of a future when Ayya Vaikundar will rule all the people with equality.
Other verses from Akilattirattu like, 'cast away the eighteen castes and the demons into the mountain, fire and the sea'. ...
See also:Salient Teachings, Salient Teachings - Dharmam, Salient Teachings - Courage and Fortitude, Salient Teachings - Living with Dignity, Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination, Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors, Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation, Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples, Salient Teachings - Against Brahmin Domination, Salient Teachings - Worship Centres - Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Salient Teachings - Disciples Read more here: » Salient Teachings: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors A very strong critique of the political oppressors seems to have been operative in Ayyavazhi. In the first place, it was expressed in the very characterisation of the Thiruvithankur king as Kalineesan the representative of the evil force, and of the British as Venneesan (the wicked white). Kalineesan was projected to be the main oppressor who perpetrated the rule of Kali by exploiting the labour of the people through the systems of oozhiyam and levies, and by imposing the discriminatory caste system. Akilattirattu indicts him to be the cause of oppression and is ...
See also:Salient Teachings, Salient Teachings - Dharmam, Salient Teachings - Courage and Fortitude, Salient Teachings - Living with Dignity, Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination, Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors, Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation, Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples, Salient Teachings - Against Brahmin Domination, Salient Teachings - Worship Centres - Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Salient Teachings - Disciples Read more here: » Salient Teachings: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation Strong discontentment against the deeply entrenched exploitation of the labouring masses was expressed in the form of poetic lamentations that got repeated and commented upon in the gatherings of Ayyavazhi. Akilattirattu devotes three full pages enumerating and lamenting upon the innumerable exploitative measures imposed on the toiling masses, primarily on the Chanars. It enlists a number of oppressive taxes (imposed on things like fire-wood to the implements of the people's occupation; It speaks about the varieties of taxes levied on land a ...
See also:Salient Teachings, Salient Teachings - Dharmam, Salient Teachings - Courage and Fortitude, Salient Teachings - Living with Dignity, Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination, Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors, Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation, Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples, Salient Teachings - Against Brahmin Domination, Salient Teachings - Worship Centres - Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Salient Teachings - Disciples Read more here: » Salient Teachings: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples There was a strong admonition given to the followers of Ayyavazhi against conducting Puja, making offerings to temples and undertaking blood sacrifices to appease evil spirits. This admonition is repeated in several places in Akilattirattuu and Arul Nool. Instructions to give up ‘devil worship’, idol worship, sacrifices of goats, roosters and pigs to deities, offerings of eggs, fried meat and other edibles, etc., were explicitly present in Ayyavazhi. Ayya Vaikundar is shown to be proclaiming these admonitions as a ...
See also:Salient Teachings, Salient Teachings - Dharmam, Salient Teachings - Courage and Fortitude, Salient Teachings - Living with Dignity, Salient Teachings - Against Caste Discrimination, Salient Teachings - Against Political Oppressors, Salient Teachings - Against Economic Exploitation, Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples, Salient Teachings - Against Brahmin Domination, Salient Teachings - Worship Centres - Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Salient Teachings - Disciples Read more here: » Salient Teachings: Encyclopedia II - Salient Teachings - Against Puja Blood-sacrifice and Offerings to Temples |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam The teachings on Dharmam have two levels of understanding: a principle of 'righteousness', and a concrete activity of 'charity' or 'almsgiving'.
As a principle, the followers of Ayyavazhi believed that the prime motive of the mission of Ayya Vaikundar was to establish Dharmam in this world by destroying the evil force of Kali. It is said in Akilattirattu that people, even while listening to the teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, 'realised' that the evil of Kali was gradually being withdrawn from the world and that Dharmam was being establis ...
See also:Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Courage and fortitude, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Living with dignity, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against Brahmin domination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Centres of worship: Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Disciples Read more here: » Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination Akilattirattu projected to the imagination of the followers of Ayyavazhi an ideal society where the caste discrimination did not exist. In its account of the past, Akilattirattu speaks of an age in which people lived as one family without the discrimination of caste. It blames the kalineesan for dividing the people on the basis of caste. It speaks of a future when Ayya Vaikundar will rule all the people with equality.
Other verses from Akilattirattu, such as
"Cast away the eighteen castes and the demons into the mountain, fire and the sea"
"Do not discriminate between ...
See also:Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Courage and fortitude, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Living with dignity, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against Brahmin domination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Centres of worship: Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Disciples Read more here: » Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors A very strong critique of the political oppressors seems to have been operative in Ayyavazhi. In the first place, it was expressed in the very characterisation of the Thiruvithankur king as Kalineesan, the representative of the evil force, and of the British as Venneesan (the wicked white). Kalineesan was projected to be the main oppressor who perpetrated the rule of Kali by exploiting the labour of the people through the systems of oozhiyam and levies, and by imposing the discriminatory caste system. Akilattirattu indicts the king as the cause ...
See also:Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Courage and fortitude, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Living with dignity, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against Brahmin domination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Centres of worship: Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Disciples Read more here: » Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation Strong discontent against the deeply entrenched exploitation of the labouring masses was expressed in the form of poetic lamentations that were repeated and commented upon in the gatherings of Ayyavazhi. Akilattirattu devotes three full pages to enumerating and lamenting upon the innumerable exploitative measures imposed on the toiling masses, primarily on the Chanars. It lists a number of oppressive taxes (imposed on items such as firewood and the implements of the people's occupation). It also speaks about the varieties of taxes levied on ...
See also:Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Courage and fortitude, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Living with dignity, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against Brahmin domination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Centres of worship: Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Disciples Read more here: » Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples Ayya Vaikundar also offered a strong admonition to the followers of Ayyavazhi against conducting Puja (making offerings to temples and undertaking blood sacrifices to appease evil spirits). This admonition is repeated in several places in Akilattirattuu and Arul Nool. Instructions to give up "devil worship," idol worship, sacrifices of goats, roosters and pigs to deities, offerings of eggs, fried meat and other edibles were explicitly present in Ayyavazhi. Ayya Vaikundar is shown to be proclaiming these ad ...
See also:Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Dharmam, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Courage and fortitude, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Living with dignity, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against caste-discrimination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against political oppressors, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against economic exploitation, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against Brahmin domination, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Centres of worship: Pathis and Nizhal Thangals, Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Disciples Read more here: » Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar: Encyclopedia II - Main teachings of Ayya Vaikundar - Against puja blood-sacrifice and offerings to temples |
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| | | | Fortitude: Encyclopedia II - Strength Tarot card - History The Strength card was originally named Fortitude, and accompanies two of the other classical virtues in the Major Arcana; Temperance and Justice. The meaning of Fortitude was different to the modern interpretation of the card: it meant moderation in our attitudes towards pain and danger; neither avoiding them at all costs, nor actively seeking them out.
The older decks had two competing symbolisms; one featured a woman holding or breaking a stone pillar, and the other featured a person, either male or female, subduing a lion. T ...
See also:Strength Tarot card, Strength Tarot card - Description, Strength Tarot card - History, Strength Tarot card - Interpretation, Strength Tarot card - Mythopoetic Approach, Strength Tarot card - Modern examples, Strength Tarot card - Numbering, Strength Tarot card - Kabbalistic/Tree of Life Considerations, Strength Tarot card - Links and references Read more here: » Strength Tarot card: Encyclopedia II - Strength Tarot card - History |
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