Creationism, the belief in a created universe, was originally based purely on theology. The vast majority of Church Fathers and Reformers accepted Genesis straightforwardly, and even the few who did not, such as Origen and Augustine, defended an earth that was on the order of thousands of years old. Also, until around the 1830s Creationism (the Theory of Special Creation), was the predominant theory favoured by scientists. By the 1830s, dissatisfaction with the theory of special creation had begun to grow. In 1859 Darwin published On the Origin of Species and by the 1900s natural ...

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Creation science, Creation science - History and organization, Creation science - Issues in creation science, Creation science - Religious criticisms of creation science, Creation science - Scientific criticisms of creation science, Creation science - Subjects within creation science, Creation science - Creation biology, Creation science - Flood geology, Creation science - Creationist cosmologies

Read more here: » Creation science: Encyclopedia II - Creation science - History and organization

At the time of the collapse, the reservoir had just filled for the first time with spring runoff. Water began seeping from the dam on the Thursday before the collapse, not unexpected for an earthen dam. On the morning of Saturday, June 5 a new leak appeared. Bulldozers were sent to plug the leak, unsuccessfully. Local media appeared, and an alarm was raised to downstream residents. Two bulldozers were caught in the eroding embankment, their operators pulled to safety with ropes. At around 11:57 a.m. Mountain Standard Time (UTC-7:00), the dam col ...

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Teton Dam, Teton Dam - Description and geology, Teton Dam - The collapse and aftermath

Read more here: » Teton Dam: Encyclopedia II - Teton Dam - The collapse and aftermath

The 87 verses of the Ark narrative present a story of great power and poetry, but they also leave an impression of occasional confusion - why does the story tell us twice over that mankind had grown corrupt but that Noah was to be saved (Gen. 6:5-8 and Gen. 6:11-13)? Was Noah commanded to take one pair of each clean animal into the Ark (Gen. 6:19-20) or seven pairs (Gen. 7:2-3)? Did the flood last forty days (Gen. 7:17) or a hundred and fifty days (Gen. 7:24)? What happened to the raven that was sent out from the Ark at the same time as the ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Narrative, Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Biblical literalism and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories, Noah's Ark - Other flood stories, Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history, Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions, Noah's Ark - Footnotes

Read more here: » Noah's Ark: Encyclopedia II - Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative

The cause of the flood remains disputed. Traditionally it had long been believed that the floods were caused by a combination of meteorological extremes and tidal peaks when a flood hit the shores of the channel. There was indeed an unusually high tide at the time. However a research paper published in the journal Archaeology in the Severn Estuary [1] in 2002 following investigations by Professor Simon Haslett, from Bath Spa University College, and Australian geologist Ted Bryant, from the University of ...

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Bristol Channel floods 1607, Bristol Channel floods 1607 - Possible causes, Bristol Channel floods 1607 - Evidence

Read more here: » Bristol Channel floods 1607: Encyclopedia II - Bristol Channel floods 1607 - Possible causes

Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories. The majority of modern scholars accept the thesis that the Biblical flood story is linked to a cycle of Mesopotamian myths with which it shares many features. These include the story of Atrahasis, known from a text dated to 1646-1626 BC; the Ziusudra story, from the late 17th century BC, and believed to be based on much earlier originals; and the story of Utnapishtim, known only from first millenium copies.[15] The Mesopotamian myth-cycle had a very long currency - the las ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Narrative, Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Biblical literalism and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories, Noah's Ark - Other flood stories, Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history, Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions, Noah's Ark - Footnotes

Read more here: » Noah's Ark: Encyclopedia II - Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts

Haslett and Bryant found evidence including massive boulders that had been displaced up the beach by enormous force; a layer up to 20 cm thick composed of sand, shells and stones within an otherwise constant deposit of mud that was found in boreholes from Devon to Gloucestershire and the Gower Peninsula; and rock erosion characteristic of high water velocities throughout the Severn Estuary. Written evidence from the time describes events that were uncannily similar to the tragedies that unfolded in South East Asia, including a wave of ...

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Bristol Channel floods 1607, Bristol Channel floods 1607 - Possible causes, Bristol Channel floods 1607 - Evidence

Read more here: » Bristol Channel floods 1607: Encyclopedia II - Bristol Channel floods 1607 - Evidence

Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition. According to Jewish Rabbinic literature from the first centuries of the Christian era, Noah planted cedars one hundred and twenty years before the Deluge from which he afterward made the Ark. This lengthy period was partly in order to urge the sinful to amend their ways, and partly to allow sufficient time for the construction of the Ark. The animals were not led in by Noah, but by God, who caused them, as well as the spirits of those whose bodies were yet uncreated, to gather ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Narrative, Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Biblical literalism and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories, Noah's Ark - Other flood stories, Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history, Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions, Noah's Ark - Footnotes

Read more here: » Noah's Ark: Encyclopedia II - Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition

The cause of the flood remains disputed. Traditionally it had long been believed that the floods were caused by a combination of meteorological extremes and tidal peaks when a flood hit the shores of the channel. There was indeed an unusually high tide at the time. However a research paper published in the journal Archaeology in the Severn Estuary [1] in 2002 following investigations by Professor Simon Haslett, from Bath Spa University College, and Australian geologist Ted Bryant, from the University of ...

See also:

Bristol Channel floods, 1607, Bristol Channel floods, 1607 - Possible causes, Bristol Channel floods, 1607 - Evidence

Read more here: » Bristol Channel floods, 1607: Encyclopedia II - Bristol Channel floods, 1607 - Possible causes

Haslett and Bryant found evidence including massive boulders that had been displaced up the beach by enormous force; a layer up to 20 cm thick composed of sand, shells and stones within an otherwise constant deposit of mud that was found in boreholes from Devon to Gloucestershire and the Gower Peninsula; and rock erosion characteristic of high water velocities throughout the Severn Estuary. Written evidence from the time describes events that were uncannily similar to the tragedies that unfolded in South East Asia, including a wave of ...

See also:

Bristol Channel floods, 1607, Bristol Channel floods, 1607 - Possible causes, Bristol Channel floods, 1607 - Evidence

Read more here: » Bristol Channel floods, 1607: Encyclopedia II - Bristol Channel floods, 1607 - Evidence

In the 16th and 17th centuries, biblical scholars such as Justus Lipsius (1547-1606) and Athanasius Kircher (c.1601-1680) began to study the Ark story as a literal rather than allegorical account of earth history. Investigations of the Ark story, and the resulting hypotheses that harmonized the biblical account with natural historical knowledge, were an important impetus to the study of the geographical distibution of plants and animals, and indirectly spurred the emergence of biogeography in the 18th century. Natural historians also began t ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Narrative, Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Biblical literalism and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories, Noah's Ark - Other flood stories, Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history, Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions, Noah's Ark - Footnotes

Read more here: » Noah's Ark: Encyclopedia II - Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history

From Eusebius' time to the modern day, the physical Noah's Ark has held a fascination for Christians - although not for Jews and Muslims, who seem to have felt far less impelled to seek out the remains. In the 4th century Faustus of Byzantium was apparently the first to use the name "Ararat" to refer to a specific mountain, rather than a region, where the Ark could still be seen. Recorded visits, however, are few - the Byzantine emperor Heraclius is said to have made the trip in the 7th century, but less well-connected pilgrims had to brave ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Narrative, Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Biblical literalism and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories, Noah's Ark - Other flood stories, Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history, Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions, Noah's Ark - Footnotes

Read more here: » Noah's Ark: Encyclopedia II - Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark

In Western culture, the image of Noah's Ark with its many animals has come to symbolise wildlife preservation movements. Noah's Ark toys with dozens of pairs of animal figures, usually set up in a long two-abreast line leading to the toy ark, became popular in the 19th century. Modern apologetics ministries like Answers in Genesis oppose these toys on the grounds that, by not following the dimensions given in the Bible, they lead people to conclude that Noah's Ark couldn't have accommodated all the animals on board and t ...

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Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Narrative, Noah's Ark - Textual analysis the documentary hypothesis and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Biblical literalism and the Ark narrative, Noah's Ark - Other flood accounts, Noah's Ark - Mesopotamian flood stories, Noah's Ark - Other flood stories, Noah's Ark - The Ark in Rabbinic and Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Rabbinic tradition, Noah's Ark - In Islamic tradition, Noah's Ark - The Ark narrative and earth history, Noah's Ark - The search for Noah's Ark, Noah's Ark - Modern allusions, Noah's Ark - Footnotes

Read more here: » Noah's Ark: Encyclopedia II - Noah's Ark - Modern allusions

Clastic red beds were laid down in shallow-water on top of the eroded Paleozoic surface early in the Triassic. These sediments were deposited on flood plains by streams on an expansive lowland that was slightly slopped in the direction of an ocean to the west. Mud built up in tidal flats to become the mudstone of Moenkopi Formation. Examples of this formation, some that still show fossilized ripp ...

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Geology of the Canyonlands area, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Deposition of sediments, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Hermosa Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Cutler Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Moenkopi and Chinle formations, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Glen Canyon Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - San Rafael Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Uplift, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Reference

Read more here: » Geology of the Canyonlands area: Encyclopedia II - Geology of the Canyonlands area - Moenkopi and Chinle formations

The Glen Canyon Group of formations includes (from oldest - lowest - to youngest) the Wingate Sandstone, Kayenta Formation, and the Navajo Sandstone These formations are most prominently exposed in the western and northern sections of the park. Triassic climates progressively became dryer, prompting the formation of sand dunes that buried dry stream beds and their flood plain. This sand became the cliff-forming several hundred feet (many tens of meters) high and red-colored Windgate Sandstone. Outcrops tend to run for hundreds of miles (hundreds of ...

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Geology of the Canyonlands area, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Deposition of sediments, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Hermosa Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Cutler Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Moenkopi and Chinle formations, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Glen Canyon Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - San Rafael Group, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Uplift, Geology of the Canyonlands area - Reference

Read more here: » Geology of the Canyonlands area: Encyclopedia II - Geology of the Canyonlands area - Glen Canyon Group

The moors and levels formed from a submerged and reclaimed landscape. Much of the area is at, or only slightly above, sea level, so until it was drained in the 17th century it was a marsh that was frequently flooded by the sea, a problem that was not fully resolved until the sea defences were enhanced at Bridgwater in the early 20th century. Early attempts to control the water levels date from the 13th century but were not widespread. The levels are now mechanically drained by a network of drainage channels, known locally as "rhynes" ...

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Somerset Levels, Somerset Levels - Drainage, Somerset Levels - Human habitation, Somerset Levels - Land use, Somerset Levels - Willow, Somerset Levels - Biodiversity and conservation, Somerset Levels - Tourism

Read more here: » Somerset Levels: Encyclopedia II - Somerset Levels - Drainage

In prehistory it is thought that, due to winter flooding, humans restricted their use of the levels to the summer, a practice that gave rise to name of the county of Somerset (derived from Sumorsaete, meaning land of the summer people). The area was settled by the Bronze Age, with the population supporting themselves largely by hunting and fishing in the surrounding marsh, living on artificial islands connected by wooden causeways on wooden piles. These included the Sweet Track, currently the world's oldes ...

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Somerset Levels, Somerset Levels - Drainage, Somerset Levels - Human habitation, Somerset Levels - Land use, Somerset Levels - Willow, Somerset Levels - Biodiversity and conservation, Somerset Levels - Tourism

Read more here: » Somerset Levels: Encyclopedia II - Somerset Levels - Human habitation

The area has few trees and is dominated by grassland, mostly used as pasture for dairy farming. Since they were first drained the Moors have been used for peat extraction and, although the practice is now much reduced, at least one large firm still operates on the levels and peat lorries remain a common feature of the back roads. The River Parrett provides a source of eels (Anguilla anguillaSee also:

Somerset Levels, Somerset Levels - Drainage, Somerset Levels - Human habitation, Somerset Levels - Land use, Somerset Levels - Willow, Somerset Levels - Biodiversity and conservation, Somerset Levels - Tourism

Read more here: » Somerset Levels: Encyclopedia II - Somerset Levels - Land use

As a result of the unimproved wetland nature of the Levels, the area contains a rich biodiversity of national and international importance. They support a vast variety of plant species, as well as common plants such as marsh marigold, meadowsweet and ragged robin. The area is an important feeding ground for birds including Bewick’s swan, Eurasian curlew, Common redshank, skylark, Common snipe, Common teal, wigeon and whimbrel, as well as birds of prey including the marsh harrier and peregrine falcon. A wide range of insect species is also ...

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Somerset Levels, Somerset Levels - Drainage, Somerset Levels - Human habitation, Somerset Levels - Land use, Somerset Levels - Willow, Somerset Levels - Biodiversity and conservation, Somerset Levels - Tourism

Read more here: » Somerset Levels: Encyclopedia II - Somerset Levels - Biodiversity and conservation

Being largely flat, the Levels are well suited to bicycles, and a number of cycle routes exist including the Withy Way Cycle Route (22 miles, 35 km), Avalon Marshes Cycle Route (28 miles, 45 km), Peat Moors Cycle Route (24 miles, 39 km) and the Isle Valley Cycle Route (28 miles, 45 km). The River Parrett Trail (47 miles / 75km) long-distance footpath is also within the area. There are currently four visitors' centres that aim to convey various aspects of the Levels. The Willows & Wetlands Visitor Centre near St ...

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Somerset Levels, Somerset Levels - Drainage, Somerset Levels - Human habitation, Somerset Levels - Land use, Somerset Levels - Willow, Somerset Levels - Biodiversity and conservation, Somerset Levels - Tourism

Read more here: » Somerset Levels: Encyclopedia II - Somerset Levels - Tourism

The underground structure of Sawston is the same as that of the region - permeable chalk and impermiable clay. The low lying nature of the village is indicative of a former flood plain which still tends towards the moist, although comparatively recent dredging of the local ditches and rivers has alleviated the general flooding problem. The chalky nature of the local geology provides for a clean, if hard, water supply as it's drawn from artesian wells in the area. The chalk and clay in the area contains a large quantity of flint that often finds its ...

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Sawston, Sawston - Prehistory, Sawston - Geology, Sawston - Local Industry, Sawston - Education Local Government and Facilities

Read more here: » Sawston: Encyclopedia II - Sawston - Geology

For more information on the geology of the Lake Pend Oreille see http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/counties/bonner/geomap.htm and http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/counties/kootenai/geomap.htm . It is also believed that the eastern side of the lake was in the path of the ancient Missoula Flood. ...

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Lake Pend Oreille, Lake Pend Oreille - Introduction to the Lake, Lake Pend Oreille - Geology, Lake Pend Oreille - Other Info

Read more here: » Lake Pend Oreille: Encyclopedia II - Lake Pend Oreille - Geology

India is prone to several natural disasters, responsible for huge losses in life and property. Natural disasters in India include droughts; flash floods, as well as widespread and destructive flooding from monsoonal rains; severe cyclones; and earthquakes. Floods are the most common natural disaster in India. During the monsoon season, heavy rainfall may cause rivers to distend their banks, often flooding the surrounding areas. The Brahmaputra River is prone to perennial flooding during the monsoon season. Floods are responsible for a number of deaths and property loss in many parts of India. With the exception of ...

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Geography of India, Geography of India - Location and extent, Geography of India - Political geography, Geography of India - Geographical regions, Geography of India - Mountains, Geography of India - Indo-Gangetic plain, Geography of India - Thar Desert, Geography of India - Highlands, Geography of India - East coast, Geography of India - West coast, Geography of India - Islands, Geography of India - Rivers, Geography of India - Bodies of water, Geography of India - Wetlands, Geography of India - The Sundarbans, Geography of India - Rann of Kutch, Geography of India - Climate, Geography of India - Geology, Geography of India - Natural disasters, Geography of India - Natural resources, Geography of India - International agreements, Geography of India - Notes

Read more here: » Geography of India: Encyclopedia II - Geography of India - Natural disasters