floating point

Central processing unit - Integer precision. The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage. ^{See also:}

Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes

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COBOL is a third-generation programming language. Its name is an acronym, for COmmon Business Oriented Language, defining its primary domain in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. The COBOL 2002 standard includes support for object-oriented programming and other modern language features. However, most of this article is based on COBOL 85. COBOL - Prehistory and specification. COBOL was initially created in 1959 by The Short R ...

Including:

• COBOL - Prehistory and specification
• COBOL - Defining features
• COBOL - Still going strong
• COBOL - Hello world
• COBOL - Opposing views on COBOL
• COBOL - Criticism
• COBOL - Defense

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A central processing unit (CPU), or sometimes simply processor, is the component in a digital computer that interprets and executes instructions and data contained in software. CPUs provide the fundamental digital computer trait of programmability, and are one of the core components found in almost all modern microcomputers, along with primary storage and input/output facilities. In a similar vein, microprocessors are a type of CPU that is manufactured on an integrated circuit, often as a single-chip package. Since the m ...

Including:

• Central processing unit - History
• Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs
• Central processing unit - Microprocessors
• Central processing unit - CPU operation
• Central processing unit - Design and implementation
• Central processing unit - Integer precision
• Central processing unit - Clock rate
• Central processing unit - Parallelism
• Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD
• Central processing unit - Notes

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On a computer, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, also called bignum arithmetic, is a technique that allows computer programs to perform calculations on integers and rational numbers with an arbitrary number of digits of precision, limited only by the available memory of the host system. It typically works by storing a number as a variable-length array of digits in some base, in contrast to most computer arithmetic which uses a fixed number of bits given by the size of the processor registers. Rational numbers can be stored as a p ...

Including:

• Arbitrary-precision arithmetic - Applications
• Arbitrary-precision arithmetic - Algorithms
• Arbitrary-precision arithmetic - Arbitrary-precision software

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BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code[1]) is a family of high-level programming languages. Originally invented in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth College, it was designed to allow students not in science fields to use computers. At the time all computer use required writing custom software, which was something only scientists and mathematicians tended to do. I ...

Including:

• BASIC programming language - History
• BASIC programming language - Background
• BASIC programming language - Early years — the mini computer era
• BASIC programming language - Explosive growth — the home computer era
• BASIC programming language - Maturity — the personal computer era
• BASIC programming language - The language
• BASIC programming language - Syntax
• BASIC programming language - Procedures and flow control
• BASIC programming language - Data types
• BASIC programming language - Relational logical operators
• BASIC programming language - Examples
• BASIC programming language - Hello world!
• BASIC programming language - Classic BASIC
• BASIC programming language - Modern BASIC
• BASIC programming language - BASIC dialects
• BASIC programming language - Notes

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In computing, "word" is a term for the natural unit of data used by a particular computer design. A word is simply a fixed-sized group of bits that are handled together by the machine. The word size (or length) is an important characteristic of a computer architecture. The size of a word influences many aspects of a computer's structure and operation. The majority of the registers in the computer are usually word-sized. The typical numeric value manipulated by the computer is probably word sized. The amount of data transferred ...

Including:

• Word computer science - Uses of words
• Word computer science - Word size choice
• Word computer science - Variable word architectures
• Word computer science - Word and byte addressing
• Word computer science - The power of 2
• Word computer science - Size families
• Word computer science - Table of word sizes

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Action! was a programming language, editor and in-memory 6502 compiler created by Clinton Parker working for Optimized Systems Software and running on the Atari 8-bit family of microcomputers. Its syntax was similar to that of ALGOL 68, and it was well-known for its speed. A library was available as a separate product called the Action! Toolkit. It was released in 1983 and officially sold as a cartridge and later "cracked" to disk. "ATR" format files containing a version which may be run on modern systems under emulation are av ...

Including:

• Action programming language - Data Types
• Action programming language - Reserved keywords
• Action programming language - Programming
• Action programming language - Example code

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A 3D projection is a mathematical transformation used to project three dimensional points onto a two dimensional plane. Often this is done to simulate the relationship of the camera to subject. 3D projection is often the first step in the process of representing three dimensional shapes two dimensionally in computer graphics, a process known as rendering. The following algorithm was a standard on early computer simulations and videogames, and it is still in use with heavy modifications for each particular case. This article des ...

Including:

• 3D projection - Data necessary for projection
• 3D projection - First step: world transform
• 3D projection - Second step: camera transform
• 3D projection - Third step: perspective transform
• 3D projection - Simple Version

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Cell is a microprocessor jointly developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM. The Cell architecture is intended to be scalable through the use of vector processing. The first major commercial application of Cell is in Sony's upcoming PlayStation 3 game console. Cell microprocessor - History. In 2000, Sony Computer Entertainment Inc., Toshiba Corp., and IBM formed an alliance ("STI") to design and build the processor. The STI Design Center in Austin, Texas opened in March 2001. ^Including:

• Cell microprocessor - History
• Cell microprocessor - Architecture
• Cell microprocessor - Power Processor Element
• Cell microprocessor - Synergistic Processing Elements SPE
• Cell microprocessor - Element Interconnect Bus EIB
• Cell microprocessor - Memory controller and I/O
• Cell microprocessor - Broadband Engine
• Cell microprocessor - Architecture compared
• Cell microprocessor - Possible applications
• Cell microprocessor - Blade server
• Cell microprocessor - Console videogames
• Cell microprocessor - Home cinema
• Cell microprocessor - Software engineering
• Cell microprocessor - Job queue
• Cell microprocessor - Self-multitasking of SPEs
• Cell microprocessor - Stream processing
• Cell microprocessor - Open source software development
• Cell microprocessor - Acronyms

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Bash is a Unix command shell written for the GNU project. Its name is an acronym for Bourne-again shell —a pun on the Bourne shell (sh), which was an early, important Unix shell. The Bourne shell was the shell distributed with Version 7 Unix, circa 1978. The original Bourne shell was written by Stephen Bourne, then a researcher at Bell Labs. The Bash shell was written in 1987 by Brian Fox. In 1990, Chet Ramey became the primary maintainer. Bash is the default shell on most Linux systems as well as on Mac ...

Including:

• Bash - Bash syntax highlights
• Bash - Integer mathematics
• Bash - I/O redirection
• Bash - In-process regular expressions
• Bash - Backslash escapes
• Bash - Bash startup scripts

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In aviation, type conversion refers to the training pilots undertake in order to fly types of aircraft they have not operated before. Type conversion - Computing. In computer science, type conversion or typecasting refers to changing an entity of one datatype into another. There are two types of conversion: implicit and explicit. The term for implicit type conversion is coercion. Explicit type conversion in some specific way is known as casting. Explicit type conversion c ...

Including:

• Type conversion - Aviation
• Type conversion - Computing
• Type conversion - Implicit type conversion
• Type conversion - Explicit type conversion
• Type conversion - in Ada
• Type conversion - in C/C++
• Type conversion - Two common casting styles

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Bases Base 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,16, 20, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 36, 60, 64 Today, speakers of Chinese use three numeral systems: the ubiquitous system of Hindu-Arabic numerals, along with two ancient Chinese numeral systems. The huama (Chinese: 花碼; Hanyu Pinyin: huāmǎ, lit. "flowery or fancy numbers") system has gradually been supplanted by the Arabic system in writing numbers. T ...

Including:

• Chinese numerals - Written numbers
• Chinese numerals - Numeral characters
• Chinese numerals - Constructing numbers
• Chinese numerals - Large number systems
• Chinese numerals - SI prefixes
• Chinese numerals - Suzhou 蘇州 or huāmǎ 花碼 numerals
• Chinese numerals - Hand gestures
• Chinese numerals - Miscellaneous

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There are several meanings of float: an air-filled vessel such as a boat or ship floats on water; buoyancy float (parade), a decorated vehicle or platform used in a festive parade float (project management) float (money supply and banking) floating currency floating exchange rate floating point, a datatype in computer science free float of company stock insurance (investable policyholder funds) floating (psychological phenomenon)

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The arithmetic logic unit/arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) of a computer's CPU is a part of the execution unit, a core component of all CPUs. ALUs are capable of calculating the results of a wide variety of basic arithmetical computations. Virtually all modern computer ALUs use the two's complement binary number representation (whereas some early computers used either one's complement or sign-magnitude format). Arithmetic logic unit - History. ENIAC designer, John Von Neumann, originally pro ...

Including:

• Arithmetic logic unit - History
• Arithmetic logic unit - ALU operations
• Arithmetic logic unit - Inputs and outputs
• Arithmetic logic unit - Notes

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In computer architecture, 64-bit is an adjective used to describe integers, memory addresses or other data units that are at most 64 bits (8 octets) wide, or to describe CPU and ALU architectures based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size. As of 2004, 64-bit CPUs are common in servers, and have recently been introduced to the (previously 32-bit) mainstream personal computer arena in the form of the AMD64, EM64T, and P ...

Including:

• 64-bit - Architectural implications
• 64-bit - Memory limitations
• 64-bit - Timeline
• 64-bit - 32 vs 64 bit
• 64-bit - Pros and cons
• 64-bit - 64-bit data models
• 64-bit - Current 64-bit processor architectures
• 64-bit - Beyond 64 bits

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6000000 is the number after 5999999 and before 6000001. 6000000 number - In mathematics. 6000000 is a 2000001-gonal number. It is one of the few numbers whose English representation in words does not use the letters r, t, or u (see Sloane's A072956), nor the letters h, o, r, t, or w (Sloane's A073419). It is symmetrical if written as floating point: 6e6. 6000000 number - In other fields. 6000000 number - The Holocaust during World War I ...

Including:

• 6000000 number - In mathematics
• 6000000 number - In other fields
• 6000000 number - The Holocaust during World War II
• 6000000 number - Jewish populations today

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Viswanath's constant is a mathematical constant, occurring in number theory - more specifically in the study of randomized Fibonacci sequences. The value of Viswanath's constant is approximately 1.13198824. Viswanath's constant - Definition. The constant is defined as the exponential rate at which the average absolute value of a random Fibonacci sequence increases. A "random Fibonacci sequence" is a sequence of numbers fn with the following recursive definition: f0 ...

Including:

• Viswanath's constant - Definition
• Viswanath's constant - Explication
• Viswanath's constant - Significance

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x86 or 80x86 is the generic name of a microprocessor architecture first developed and manufactured by Intel. The x86 architecture currently dominates the desktop computer, portable computer, and small server markets. The architecture is called x86 because the earliest processors in this family were identified by model numbers ending in the sequence "86": the 8086, the 80186, the 80286, the 386, and the 486. Because one cannot trademark numbers, Intel and most ...

Including:

• X86 - History
• X86 - Design
• X86 - Real mode
• X86 - 16-bit protected mode
• X86 - 32-bit protected mode
• X86 - MMX and beyond
• X86 - 3DNow!
• X86 - SSE
• X86 - SSE2
• X86 - SSE3
• X86 - 64-bit
• X86 - Virtualization
• X86 - Manufacturers

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Konrad Zuse's Z3 was the first working freely programmable, fully automatic machine, whose attributes have often been the exact ones used as criteria in defining a computer. The Z3 was built with 2,200 relays, had a clock frequency of ~5–10 Hz, and a word length of 22 bits. Calculations on the computer were performed in full binary floating point arithmetic. The machine was completed in 1941 (on May 12 that year, it was successfully presented to an audience of scientists in Berlin). The original Z3 was destroyed in ...

Including:

• Z3 - How the Z3 relates to other work
• Z3 - The Z3 in the context of previous and later designs
• Z3 - Relation to the concept of a universal Turing machine

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In mathematics, the trigonometric functions are functions of an angle, important when studying triangles and modeling periodic phenomena. They are commonly defined as ratios of two sides of a right triangle containing the angle, and can equivalently be defined as the lengths of various line segments from a unit circle. More modern definitions express them as infinite series or as solutions of certain differential equations, allowing their extension to positive and negative values and even to comp ...

Including:

• Trigonometric function - List of trigonometric functions
• Trigonometric function - History
• Trigonometric function - Right triangle definitions
• Trigonometric function - Mnemonics
• Trigonometric function - Slope definitions
• Trigonometric function - Unit-circle definitions
• Trigonometric function - Series definitions
• Trigonometric function - Relationship to exponential function
• Trigonometric function - Definitions via differential equations
• Trigonometric function - The significance of radians
• Trigonometric function - Other definitions
• Trigonometric function - Computation
• Trigonometric function - Inverse functions
• Trigonometric function - Identities
• Trigonometric function - Properties and applications
• Trigonometric function - Law of sines
• Trigonometric function - Law of cosines
• Trigonometric function - Law of tangents

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