After the female part of the flower is pollinated, pollen grains attempt to travel into the ovary by creating a path called a "pollen tube." The pollen tube does not directly reach the ovary in a straight line. It travels near the skin of the style and curls to the bottom of the ovary, then near the receptacle, it breaks through the ovule and reaches the ovum to fertilise it. This is the point when fertilisation actually occurs. After being f ...

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Fertilisation, Fertilisation - Fertilisation in plants, Fertilisation - Fertilisation in mammals, Fertilisation - Human fertilisation, Fertilisation - Fertilisation and Genetic Recombination

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See also:

Fertilisation, Fertilisation - Fertilisation in plants, Fertilisation - Fertilisation in mammals, Fertilisation - Human fertilisation, Fertilisation - Fertilisation and Genetic Recombination

Read more here: » Fertilisation: Encyclopedia II - Fertilisation - Fertilisation in mammals

In vitro fertilisation - Issues. Certain ethical issues have been raised from the beginning when IVF was introduced. These concerns include: Bypassing the natural method of conception. Creating life in the laboratory. Fertilising more embryos than will be needed. Discarding excess embryos. Unnatural environment for embryos. Using untested technology. Not affordable for many. Misallocation of medical resources. Creating embryos, f ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

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In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation. If multiple embryos are generated, patients may choose to freeze embryos that are not transferred. Those embryos are placed in liquid nitrogen and can be preserved for a long time. The advantage is that patients who fail to conceive may become pregnant using such embryos without having to go through a full IVF cycle. Or, if pregnancy occurred, they could return later for another pregnancy. < ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

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Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a more recent development associated with IVF which allows the sperm to be directly injected in to the egg using micromanipulation. This is used for sperm that have difficulty penetrating the egg and when sperm numbers are very low. ICSI results in success rates equal to IVF fertilisation. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) can be performed on embryos prior to the embryo transfer. ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

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The chances of a successful pregnancy is approximately 20-30% for each IVF cycle. There are many factors that determine success rates including the age of the patient, the quality of the eggs and sperm, the duration of the infertility, the health of the uterus, and the medical expertise. It is a common practice for IVF programmes to boost the pregnancy rate by placing multiple embryos during embryo transfer. A flip side of this practise is a higher risk of multiple pregna ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

Read more here: » In vitro fertilisation: Encyclopedia II - In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy

The chances of a successful pregnancy is approximately 20-30% for each IVF cycle. There are many factors that determine success rates including the age of the patient, the quality of the eggs and sperm, the duration of the infertility, the health of the uterus, and the medical expertise. It is a common practice for IVF programmes to boost the pregnancy rate by placing multiple embryos during embryo transfer. A flip side o ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

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Comfrey is an important herb in organic gardening, having many medicinal and fertiliser uses. Comfrey - Description. Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) is a perennial herb of the family Boraginaceae with a black, turnip-like root and large, hairy broad leaves that bears small bell-shaped white, cream, purple or pink flowers. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places, and is widespread throughout the British Isles on river banks and ditches. Comfrey has long been recognised by both ...

Including:

Comfrey - Description Comfrey - Propagation Comfrey - Cultivation Comfrey - Medicinal uses Comfrey - Fertiliser uses

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While the status of abortion has been accepted by some liberal Christian denominations, many Evangelical and Fundamentalist Christians have actively opposed both the legal right of a woman to undergo an abortion and its practice within the wider community. This stance is at odds with many people who support the right of abortion. Evangelical and Fundamentalist Christians have opposed abortion mainly because of their belief in the Bible as the unchanging and inspired Word of God, as well as the interpretive framework that is used to un ...

Including:

Abortion and Evangelical Christians - The Bible and Hermeneutics Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Quoted Biblical passages
Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Psalm 139:13-16 Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Jeremiah 1:5 Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Luke 1:41 and 2:12 Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Psalm 137:9
Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Evangelical teaching on specific situations
Abortion and Evangelical Christians - The inability of the mother to care for the child Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Pregnancy as a result of rape Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Pregnancy as a result of incest Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Severe physical and/or intellectual disability Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Social stigma Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Ectopic Pregnancies Abortion and Evangelical Christians - In vitro fertilisation Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Embryonic Stem Cell Research Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Human Cloning
Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Biblical law and Christian Reconstructionism Abortion and Evangelical Christians - Neoliberalism and evangelicalism

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Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more embryos or fetuses by female mammals, including humans, inside their bodies. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations (for example, in the case of twins, or triplets). Human pregnancy is the most studied of all mammalian pregnancies. Human pregnancy lasts approximately 40 weeks between the time of the last menstrual cycle and birth (38 weeks from fertilisation). The medical term for a pregnant woman is genetalian, just as the medical term for the unborn is embryo (e ...

Including:

Pregnancy - Detection and dating Pregnancy - Timeline of a typical pregnancy
Pregnancy - First trimester Pregnancy - Second trimester Pregnancy - Third trimester
Pregnancy - Medical aspects of pregnancy Pregnancy - Birth Pregnancy - Postnatal Period Pregnancy - Terms and definitions
Pregnancy - Technical Pregnancy - Colloquial
Pregnancy - Reference

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Birth is the process in animals by which an offspring is expelled from the body of its mother. Different forms of birth are ovipary, vivipary or ovovivipary. In humans, the unborn offspring is called fetus after its embryonary stage. Birth - Medical meanings. Childbirth is the process at the end of a successful human pregnancy that results in a baby being born. Natural childbirth is the technique of minimizing medical intervention, particularly anaesthetics, during childbirth.

The term conception can refer to more than one meaning: Concept Fertilisation Embryonic implantation Conception is also the name of a progressive metal band from Norway. Conception is an album by Miles Davis. Other related archivesConcept, Conception, Fertilisation, Miles Davis, Norway, progressive metal

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An agricultural aircraft is an aircraft that has been built or converted for agricultural use -- usually aerial application of pesticides (crop dusting) or fertiliser (aerial topdressing); in this role they are referred to as "top dressers" or "crop dusters." Agricultural aircraft are also used for hydroseeding. The most common agricultural aircraft are fixed-wing, such as the Grumman Ag Cat, PAC Fletcher, or Rockwell Thrush Commander but helicopters are also used ...

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The University of Giessen (Gießen), officially called Justus Liebig-Universität Gießen after its most famous member, the founder of modern agricultural chemistry and inventor of artificial fertiliser. The University of Giessen was founded in 1607 as a Lutheran university in the city of Giessen in Hesse-Darmstadt because the all-Hessian Landesuniversität (the nearby University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg) in Marburg, Hesse-Kassel) had become Reformed (that is, Calvinist). It was then ...

Including:

University of Giessen - External link

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Initially the IVF was developed to overcome infertility due to problems of the fallopian tube, but it turned out that it was successful in most other infertility situations as well. The introduction of Intracytoplasmic sperm injection addresses the problem of male infertility to a large extent. Thus, for IVF to be successful it may be easier to say that it requires healthy ova, sperm that can fertilise, and a uterus that can maintain a pregnancy. Cost considerations generally place IVF as a treatment w ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

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Aerial topdressing is the spreading of fertilisers such as superphosphate over farm land. Aerial Topdressing was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s and was rapidly adopted elsewhere in the 1950s. For spraying of insecticides and fungicides, by air, see crop dusting, for more general information about agricultural aircraft see aerial application. History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Origins. History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Other Aerial Applications. Th ...

Including:

History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Origins
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Other Aerial Applications History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Early Suggestions History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Alan Pritchard History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Doug Campbell History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Royal New Zealand Air Force trials
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Reaserch in Other Nations
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Australia History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Great Britian
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Supermen - private operators
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - AirworkNZ History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Fieldair History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Wanganui Aero Work History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - James Aviation
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Aircraft
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - War Surplus History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Existing designs History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Developing Specialist machines History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Pacific Aerospace
History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - The Mature Industry History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Environmental Impact History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Print media History of aerial topdressing in New Zealand - Web sites

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In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation. Treatment cycles are typically started on the third day of menstruation and consist of a regimen of fertility medications to stimulate the development of multiple follicles of the ovaries. In most patients injectable gonadotropins (usually FSH analogues) are used under close monitoring. Such monitoring frequently checks the estradiol level and, by means of gynecologic ultrasonography, follicular growth. Typically approximately 10 days of injections will be necessary. Endogenous ovulation is blocked ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

Read more here: » In vitro fertilisation: Encyclopedia II - In vitro fertilisation - Method

The major complication of IVF is the development of multiple births. This is directly related to the practice of placing multiple embryos at embryo transfer. Multiple births are related to increased pregnancy loss, premature labour, obstetrical complications, prematurity, and neonatal morbidity with the potential for long term damage. Strict embryo transfer policies have been enacted to reduce this problem, but are not universally followed or accepted. Spontaneous splitting of embryos in the womb after transfer does occur, but is rare (<1 ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

Read more here: » In vitro fertilisation: Encyclopedia II - In vitro fertilisation - Complications

The technique was developed in the United Kingdom by Doctors Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards . The first so-called "test-tube baby", Louise Brown, was born as a result on July 25, 1978[1] amid intense controversy over the safety and morality of the procedure. The first successful IVF treatment in the USA (producing Elizabeth Jordan Carr) took place in 1981 under the direction of Drs Howard Jones and Georgeanna Seegar- Jones in Norfolk, Virginia. Sinc ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

Read more here: » In vitro fertilisation: Encyclopedia II - In vitro fertilisation - History

The technique was developed in the United Kingdom by Doctors Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards . The first so-called "test-tube baby", Louise Brown, was born as a result on July 25, 1978[1] amid intense controversy over the safety and morality of the procedure. The first successful IVF treatment in the USA (producing Elizabeth Jordan Carr) took place in 1981 under the direction of Drs Howard Jones and Georgeanna Seegar-Jones in Norfolk, Virginia. Since then IVF has exploded in popularity, with ...

See also:

In vitro fertilisation, In vitro fertilisation - History, In vitro fertilisation - Indications, In vitro fertilisation - Method, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian stimulation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte retrieval, In vitro fertilisation - IVF laboratory, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Post-transfer, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy, In vitro fertilisation - Complications, In vitro fertilisation - Birth defects, In vitro fertilisation - Cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Embryo cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Oocyte cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Ovarian tissue cryopreservation, In vitro fertilisation - Developments, In vitro fertilisation - Ethics, In vitro fertilisation - Issues, In vitro fertilisation - Separating the traditional mother-father model, In vitro fertilisation - Pregnancy past menopause, In vitro fertilisation - Religious objections, In vitro fertilisation - Regulatory events

Read more here: » In vitro fertilisation: Encyclopedia II - In vitro fertilisation - History