Dictionary - Fermentation: Oceanography Dictionary - Fermentation
  Definition and meaning of fermentation:   fermentation - the anaerobic breakdown by microorganisms of complex organic s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Biochemistry
Fermentation is a process that is important in anaerobic conditions when there is no oxidative phosphorylation to maintain the production...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Uses
The primary benefit of fermentation is the conversion, e.g., converting juice into wine, grains into beer, and carbohydrates into carbon ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cellular Fermentation: Encyclopedia - Cellular Fermentation
see fermentation for more information on this process. In animal cells, the process of utilizing oxygen (O2) and glucose (C6H12O6)for ene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bottom-fermenting Yeast: Encyclopedia - Bottom-fermenting Yeast
Bottom-fermenting yeast, usually of the species saccharomyces uvarum (sometimes saccharomyces carlsbergensis), is one of the two types of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Putrefaction: Encyclopedia - Putrefaction
Putrefaction is the decomposition of animal proteins, especially by anaerobic microorganisms. Decomposition is a more general process. It...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zymology: Encyclopedia - Zymology
Zymology is the science of fermentation. It deals with the biochemical processes involved in fermentation, with yeast selection and physi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Congener: Encyclopedia - Congener
A congener (from Latin roots meaning born together or within the same race or kind) is applied in biology to mean organisms within the sa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewing: Encyclopedia - Brewing
Brewing is the production of alcoholic beverages and alcohol fuel through fermentation. This is the method used in beer production, altho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anaerobic Respiration: Encyclopedia - Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration refers to the oxidation of molecules in the absence of oxygen to produce energy. These processes require another el...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewer's Yeast: Encyclopedia - Brewer's Yeast
Brewer's yeast can mean any live yeast used in brewing. It can also mean yeast obtained as a by-product of brewing, dried and killed, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer Style: Encyclopedia - Beer Style
A beer's style is a label that describes the overall flavor and often the origin of a beer, according to a system that has evolved by tri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer: Encyclopedia - Beer
Beer, generally, is an alcoholic beverage produced through the fermentation of sugars suspended in an aqueous medium, and which is not di...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewery: Encyclopedia - Brewery
A brewery is a facility that produces beer. Typically a brewery is divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vores Øl: Encyclopedia - Vores Øl
Vores Øl (Danish for Our Beer) is presented as the first open source beer. The recipe is published under a Creative Commons license. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia - Cider
Cider (also spelled: cyder) refers to a beverage containing the juice of apples. In Europe and Oceania, the term refers to fermented appl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Herring: Encyclopedia - Herring
The herring is a type of small oily fish found in the temperate, shallow waters of the North Atlantic. A smaller variant called the balti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rum: Encyclopedia - Rum
Rum is a distilled beverage made from sugarcane by-products such as molasses and sugarcane juice by a process of fermentation and distill...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage
Alcoholic beverages are drinks containing ethanol. Alcoholic beverages have been widely consumed since prehistoric times by people around...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid
Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Products
Products produced by fermentation are actually waste products produced during the reduction of pyruvate to regenerate NAD+ in the absence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Fermentation - Products
Products produced by fermentation are actually waste products produced during the reduction of pyruvate to regenerate NAD+ in the absence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol Fermentation - The Need For Fermentation
In aerobic respiration (the branch of respiration ‘normal’ for most organisms), a molecule of Glucose (C6H12O6, shown left) is broken...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol Fermentation: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol Fermentation - The Chemical Process Of Fermentation
Fermentation is a chemical pathway that provides such a substance. In the ethanol fermentation used by yeasts and other organisms, the io...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zymology: Encyclopedia Ii - Zymology - History
French chemist Louis Pasteur was the first zymologist, when in 1857 he connected yeast to fermentation. Pasteur originally defined fermen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewing: Encyclopedia Ii - Brewing - Brewing Beer
All beers are brewed using a process based on a simple formula. Key to the process is malted grain, traditionally barley, but often also ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anaerobic Respiration: Encyclopedia Ii - Anaerobic Respiration - When Glycolysis Is Used
Oxygen is not necessary for glycolysis to occur. In some organisms, such as C. tetani (causes tetanus) or C. perfringens (causes gangrene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eric Harris And Dylan Klebold: Encyclopedia Ii - Eric Harris And Dylan Klebold - Fermenting Frustration
Initially, both were believed to be members of a group that called themselves the "Trenchcoat Mafia", a small group which wore heavy blac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silage: Encyclopedia Ii - Silage - Making Silage
Silage must be made from plant material with a suitable moisture content, which ranges from about 55% to 70% depending on the constructio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silage: Encyclopedia Ii - Silage - Safety
Silos are hazardous, and people die every year in the process of filling and maintaining them. The machinery used is dangerous, and with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer Style: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer Style - Determining A Beer's Style
A major component of determining the type of beer is the yeast used in the fermentation process. Most beer styles fall into one of two la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer Style: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer Style - Lager
Lagers are the most commonly-consumed category of beer in the world. They are of Central European origin, taking their name from the Germ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewery: Encyclopedia Ii - Brewery - The Brewing Process
Work in the brewery is typically divided into 7 steps: Mashing, Lautering, Boiling, Fermenting, Conditioning, Filtering, and Filling. Br...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - History
Alcoholic beverage - Fermented beverages. Fermented alcoholic beverages have been known since pre-historical times. Beer was certainly ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cabbage: Encyclopedia Ii - Cabbage - Uses
The only part of the plant that is normally eaten is the leafy head; more precisely, the spherical cluster of immature leaves, excluding ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - History
Alcoholic beverage - Fermented beverages. Chemical analyses of organics absorbed and preserved in pottery jars from the Neolithic villa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vores Øl: Encyclopedia Ii - Vores Øl - Usefulness Of Original Recipe
Almost immediately, much of the homebrewing community spoke out against the quality of the recipe, several posting to a Slashdot thread[1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Food Science: Encyclopedia Ii - Food Science - Properties Of Food
Food science - Acidity pH. Nearly all fruits and vegetables are acidic (have a pH less than 7). For example, an apple has a pH of aroun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vores Øl: Encyclopedia Ii - Vores Øl - Recipe For Vores Øl
The following recipe is as shown on the official website (as of September 2005), although other variants may exist due to the freedom giv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Herring: Encyclopedia Ii - Herring - Cuisine
Herring have been a staple food source, especially for northern Europeans, back to 3000 B.C. There are numerous ways the fish is served a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Herring: Encyclopedia Ii - Herring - Cuisine
Herring have been a staple food source, especially for northern Europeans, back to 3000 B.C. There are numerous ways the fish is served a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cabbage: Encyclopedia Ii - Cabbage - Cultivation
Broadly speaking, two groups of varieties are available: early and late. The early varieties mature in about 50 days. They produce small ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rum: Encyclopedia Ii - Rum - Production Methodology
Unlike some other spirits, such as Cognac and Scotch, rum has no defined production methods. Instead, rum production is based on traditio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Production
Acetic acid is produced both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. Today, the biological route accounts for only about 10% of worl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - Production
Ethanol is produced both as a petrochemical, through the hydration of ethylene, and biologically, by fermenting sugars with yeast. Ethan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer - Varieties Of Beer
There are many different types of beer, each of which is said to belong to a particular style. A beer's style is a label that describes t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Types Of Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholic beverages include low-alcohol-content beverages produced by fermentation of sugar- or starch-containing products, and high-alco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Types Of Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholic beverages include low-alcohol-content beverages produced by fermentation of sugar- or starch-containing products, and high-alco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewery: Encyclopedia Ii - Brewery - History
The oldest brewery in the world still in operation is believed to be the Bavarian State-owned brewery Weihenstephan, found in the German ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewery: Encyclopedia Ii - Brewery - History
The oldest brewery in the world still in operation is believed to be the Bavarian State-owned brewery Weihenstephan, found in the German ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rum: Encyclopedia Ii - Rum - History
Rum - Origins of rum. The precursors to rum date back to antiquity. Development of fermented drinks produced from sugarcane juice is be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gut Flora: Encyclopedia Ii - Gut Flora - Localization
The upper stomach and small intestine do not have many bacteria. The colon has the greatest numbers of bacteria and the most different sp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Chemistry
The ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in alcoholic beverages is almost always produced by fermentation, which is the metabolism of carbohydrates (usuall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gut Flora: Encyclopedia Ii - Gut Flora - Roles
Bacteria in the gut fulfil a host of important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Flavoring
Ethanol is a moderately good solvent for many "fatty" substances and essential "oils", and thus facilitates the inclusion of several colo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Alcoholic Ciders
In Europe and Oceania cider is an alcoholic drink made from fermented apple juice. It is often stronger than beer, and is frequently over...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Flavoring
Ethanol is a moderately good solvent for many "fatty" substances and essential "oils", and thus facilitates the inclusion of several colo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Unfermented Cider
In North America, cider was traditionally fermented, but that alcoholic apple drink (see below) is now referred to as hard cider or as al...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Chemistry
The ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in alcoholic beverages is almost always produced by fermentation, which is the metabolism of carbohydrates (usuall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gut Flora: Encyclopedia Ii - Gut Flora - Localization
The upper stomach and small intestine do not have many bacteria (Guarner and Malagelada, 2003b; University of Glasgow, 2005). The colon h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewery: Encyclopedia Ii - Brewery - Beer Industry Definitions
Breweries range widely in the volume and variety of beer produced, ranging from tiny microbreweries that produce a few dozen barrels a ye...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brewery: Encyclopedia Ii - Brewery - Craft Brewing
Before Prohibition in the United States, breweries were local institutions, with a few exceptions. The costs involved in moving large qua...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Cider Production
Cider - Scratting and pressing. After the apples are gathered from the trees, they are "scratted" (ground) into what is called pomace o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Alcoholic Content
The concentration of alcohol in an alcoholic beverage may be specified in percent alcohol by volume (ABV), in percentage by weight (somet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Cider Production
Cider - Scratting and pressing. After the apples are gathered from the trees, they are "scratted" (ground) into what is called pomace o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Alcoholic Content
The concentration of alcohol in an alcoholic beverage may be specified in percent alcohol by volume (ABV), in percentage by weight (somet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Cider Production
Cider - Scratting and pressing. After the apples are gathered from the trees, they are "scratted" (ground) into what is called pomace o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Related Drinks
Applejack is a strong alcoholic beverage made in North America by concentrating cider, either by the traditional method of "freeze distil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer - Ingredients
The main ingredients of beer are water, malted barley, hops and yeast. Other ingredients, such as flavouring or sources of sugar, are cal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Related Drinks
Applejack is a strong alcoholic beverage made in North America by concentrating cider, either by the traditional method of "freeze distil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Related Drinks
Applejack is a strong alcoholic beverage made in North America by concentrating cider, either by the traditional method of "freeze distil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Legal Considerations
Most countries have rules forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages to children. For example, in the Netherlands and Germany, one has to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - Denatured Alcohol
In most jurisdictions, the sale of ethanol, as a pure substance or in the form of alcoholic beverages, is heavily taxed. In order to to r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Legal Considerations
Most countries have rules forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages to children. For example, in the Netherlands and Germany, one has to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - Metabolism And Toxicology
Main article: effects of alcohol on the body In the human body, ethanol is first oxidized to acetaldehyde, and then to acetic acid. The f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - Use
Ethanol - As a fuel. Main article: alcohol fuel The largest single use of ethanol is as a motor fuel and fuel additive. The largest na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Cider By Country
In traditional cultures, just as a general line could be drawn separating wine regions from beer regions, broadly speaking, so cider has ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer - Packaging And Presentation
After brewing, the beer is usually a finished product. At this point the beer is kegged, casked, bottled, or canned. Unpasteurized beers ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gut Flora: Encyclopedia Ii - Gut Flora - Roles
Bacteria in the gut fulfil a host of important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Cider By Country
In traditional cultures, just as a general line could be drawn separating wine regions from beer regions, broadly speaking, so cider has ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer - Beer In Antiquity
Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC and recorded in the written histo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Types Of Cider
Cider comes in a variety of tastes, from sweet to dry. Modern, mass-produced ciders are generally heavily processed and resemble sparklin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rum: Encyclopedia Ii - Rum - Rum In Cuisine
Besides rum punch, cocktails such as the Cuba Libre and Daiquiri have well-known stories of their invention in the Caribbean. Tiki cultur...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Single Malt Scotch: Encyclopedia Ii - Single Malt Scotch - Production
All single malt Scotch goes through a similar batch production process, as outlined below. Single malt Scotch - Water. One ingredient u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rum: Encyclopedia Ii - Rum - Origins Of The Name
The origin of the word rum is unclear. A common claim is that the name was derived from rumbullion meaning "a great tumult or uproar". An...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gut Flora: Encyclopedia Ii - Gut Flora - Types
Not all the species in the gut have been identified because some cannot be cultured and DNA isolation and identification is difficult. Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cider: Encyclopedia Ii - Cider - Types Of Cider
Cider comes in a variety of tastes, from sweet to dry. Modern, mass-produced ciders are generally heavily processed and resemble sparklin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Uses
In many countries, alcoholic beverages are commonly consumed at the major daily meals (lunch and dinner). Most early beers were in fact h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gut Flora: Encyclopedia Ii - Gut Flora - Types
Not all the species in the gut have been identified (Beaugerie and Petit, 2004; Guarner and Malagelada, 2003b; Sears, 2005) because some ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alcoholic Beverage: Encyclopedia Ii - Alcoholic Beverage - Uses
In many countries, alcoholic beverages are commonly consumed at the major daily meals (lunch and dinner). Most early beers were in fact h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rum: Encyclopedia Ii - Rum - Rum Categorization
Dividing rum into meaningful groupings is complicated by the fact that there is no single standard for what constitutes rum. Instead rum ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Beer: Encyclopedia Ii - Beer - History Of Modern Beer
In 1953, New Zealander Morton W Coutts developed the technique of continuous fermentation. Morton patented his process which revolutionis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethanol - History
Ethanol has been used by humans since prehistory as the intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic beverages. Dried residues on 9000-year-old p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotch Whisky: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotch Whisky - Independent Bottlers
Most malt distilleries sell a significant amount of whisky by the cask for blending, and sometimes to private buyers as well. Whisky from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotch Whisky: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotch Whisky - Independent Bottlers
Most malt distilleries sell a significant amount of whisky by the cask for blending, and sometimes to private buyers as well. Whisky from...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - Nomenclature
The trivial name acetic acid is the most commonly used and officially preferred name by the IUPAC. This name derives from acetum, the Lat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Acetic Acid: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetic Acid - History
Vinegar is as old as civilization itself, perhaps older. Acetic acid-producing bacteria are present throughout the world, and any culture...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotch Whisky: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotch Whisky - Methods Of Production
Scotch whisky - Types of whisky. Malt whisky must contain no grain other than malted barley and be distilled in pot stills. Grain whisk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotch Whisky: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotch Whisky - Understanding A Scotch Whisky Label
Like many products, the contents of a Scotch whisky label are a combination of tradition, marketing, national law and whim. It can theref...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scotch Whisky: Encyclopedia Ii - Scotch Whisky - Understanding A Scotch Whisky Label
Like many products, the contents of a Scotch whisky label are a combination of tradition, marketing, national law and whim. It can theref...   » Read the article