Genetic changes are related to the following types of Stickler syndrome: Stickler syndrome, COL11A1 Stickler syndrome, COL11A2 Stickler syndrome, COL2A1 Stickler syndrome is a subtype of collagenopathy, types II and XI. Whether there are two or three types of Stickler syndrome is controversial. Each type is presented here according to the gene involved. The classification of these conditions is changing as resea ...

See also:

Stickler syndrome, Stickler syndrome - Types, Stickler syndrome - Causes, Stickler syndrome - Symptoms, Stickler syndrome - Genetics, Stickler syndrome - Scientists involved, Stickler syndrome - Treatment, Stickler syndrome - Epidemiology

Read more here: » Stickler syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Stickler syndrome - Types

Individuals with Stickler syndrome experience a range of signs and symptoms. Some people have almost no signs and symptoms; others have all of the features described below. In addition, each feature of this syndrome may vary from subtle to severe. A characteristic feature of Stickler syndrome is a somewhat flattened facial appearance. This is caused by underdeveloped bones in the middle of the face, including the cheekbones and the bridge of the nose. A particular group of physical features, called Robin sequence, is common in childre ...

See also:

Stickler syndrome, Stickler syndrome - Types, Stickler syndrome - Causes, Stickler syndrome - Symptoms, Stickler syndrome - Genetics, Stickler syndrome - Scientists involved, Stickler syndrome - Treatment, Stickler syndrome - Epidemiology

Read more here: » Stickler syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Stickler syndrome - Symptoms

Mutations in the COL11A1, COL11A2 and COL2A1 genes cause Stickler syndrome. These genes are involved in the production of type II and type XI collagen. Collagens are complex molecules that provide structure and strength to connective tissue (the tissue that supports the body's joints and organs). Mutations in any of these genes disrupt the production, processing, or assembly of type II or type XI collagen. Defective collagen molecules or reduced amounts of collagen affect the development of bones and other connective tissues, leading to the ...

See also:

Stickler syndrome, Stickler syndrome - Types, Stickler syndrome - Causes, Stickler syndrome - Symptoms, Stickler syndrome - Genetics, Stickler syndrome - Scientists involved, Stickler syndrome - Treatment, Stickler syndrome - Epidemiology

Read more here: » Stickler syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Stickler syndrome - Genetics

Founded in 1893, by F.L. Maytag and originally known as the Parsons Band-Cutter & Self Feeder Company, which manufactured threshing machines and other farm implements. Soon after, the firm officially became known as "Maytag Company." Maytag Corporate in Newton, Iowa, is responsible for divisional administration for sales, marketing, human resources, logistics, finance, legal, information technology, manufacturing and engineering, and customer service. See also:

Maytag Corporation, Maytag Corporation - History, Maytag Corporation - Chronology, Maytag Corporation - Brands, Maytag Corporation - Products, Maytag Corporation - Maytag International, Maytag Corporation - Manufacturing plants, Maytag Corporation - Ol' Lonely

Read more here: » Maytag Corporation: Encyclopedia II - Maytag Corporation - History

The closures failed in their central purpose of restoring the railways to profitability, with the promised savings failing to materialise. By abolishing a third of the rail network, Beeching only managed to achieve a saving of just £7m. Overall losses were in excess of £100m. The losses were mainly because the branch lines acted as feeders to the main lines, and this feeder traffic was lost when the branches closed—in turn meaning less traffic for and worsening the finances of the main lines. The assumption at the time was that car owner ...

See also:

Beeching Axe, Beeching Axe - Background, Beeching Axe - Rail closures by year, Beeching Axe - Beeching II, Beeching Axe - Changing attitudes and policies, Beeching Axe - Overview, Beeching Axe - Re-openings

Read more here: » Beeching Axe: Encyclopedia II - Beeching Axe - Overview

Main article: Land transport in Singapore Transport in Singapore - Cars. Main article: Road transport in Singapore Total population: 405,798 Transport in Singapore - Buses. Main article: Bus transport in Singapore SBS Transit Routes: 185 (133 trunk, 52 feeder) Fleet: 2,582 Daily trips: 2.34 million passenger trips SMRT Corporation Routes: 76 (57 trunk, 19 feeder) Fleet: 813 Daily Trips: 661,595 passenger trips ...

See also:

Transport in Singapore, Transport in Singapore - Air transport, Transport in Singapore - Airlines, Transport in Singapore - Airports, Transport in Singapore - Heliports, Transport in Singapore - Land transport, Transport in Singapore - Cars, Transport in Singapore - Buses, Transport in Singapore - Taxis, Transport in Singapore - Cable car, Transport in Singapore - Rail, Transport in Singapore - Roads, Transport in Singapore - Sea transport

Read more here: » Transport in Singapore: Encyclopedia II - Transport in Singapore - Land transport

See main article: Overhead lines Overhead lines or overhead wires are used to transmit electrical energy to trams, trolleybuses or trains at a distance from the energy supply point. Overhead line is designed on the principle of one or more overhead wires situated over rail tracks, raised to a high electrical potential by connection to feeder stations at regular intervals. The feeder stations are usually fed from a high voltage electrical grid. This electrical grid can be the same as the public grid, but in some cases esp ...

See also:

Overhead powerline, Overhead powerline - Power transmission, Overhead powerline - Insulators, Overhead powerline - Cables, Overhead powerline - Telecommunication, Overhead powerline - Train power, Overhead powerline - Further applications, Overhead powerline - Usage of area under overhead powerlines, Overhead powerline - Safety, Overhead powerline - History, Overhead powerline - Similar constructions

Read more here: » Overhead powerline: Encyclopedia II - Overhead powerline - Train power

Obesity - Culture and obesity. In several human cultures, obesity is associated with attractiveness, strength, and fertility. Some of the earliest known cultural artifacts, known as Venuses, are pocket-sized statuettes representing an obese female figure. Although their cultural significance is unrecorded, their widespread use throughout pre-historic Mediterranean and European cultures suggests a central role for the obese female form in magical rituals, and implies cult ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Cultural and social significance

Obesity - Causative factors. Obesity is believed to be caused by excessive caloric intake accompanied with insufficient caloric expenditure. Factors that may contribute to this imbalance include: Limited exercise and sedentary lifestyle Genetic predisposition A high glycemic diet (i.e. a diet that consists of meals that give high postprandial blood sugar) Weight cycling, caused by repeated attempts to lose weight by dieting Underlying illness (e.g. hypothyroidism)< ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Causes

Obesity, especially central obesity (male-type or waist-predomimant obesity), is an important risk factor for the "metabolic syndrome" ("syndrome X"), the clustering of a number of diseases and risk factors that heavily predispose for cardiovascular disease. These are diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (combined hyperlipidemia). An inflammatory state is present, which — together with the above — has been implicated in the high prevalence of atherosclerosis (fatty lumps in the arterial wall), and a prothrombotic stat ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Complications

The mainstay of treatment for obesity is an energy-limited diet and increased exercise. Although adherence to this regimen can cure obesity, many patients are unable to make the required sacrifices. In fact there are no studies showing that an energy restricted diet can lead to long term weight loss. It appears that the homeostatic mechanisms regulating body weight are very robust, thus impeding weight loss when attempted using calorie restriction. Recent scientific research has cast some doubt over whether or not dieting actually improves h ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Therapy

There is continuous debate over obesity, at several levels. While scientific evidence for particular risks and treatments is fairly firm, the evidence informing debates on exact causation, social impact and necessary policy responses is much less clear-cut. In the area of policy and public debate, statistics demonstrating correlations are typically misinterpreted as demonstrating causation, a fallacy known as the spurious relationship. As much of the data is open to interpretation, there have been many "experts" taking positions, as well as policy pressure groups, influencing the debate from various angles. Ob ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Controversies

Obesity is a concept that is being continually redefined. In humans, the most common statistical estimate of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), calculated by dividing the weight by the height squared; its unit is therefore kg/m2, although no actual surface is implied. The BMI was created in the 19th century by the Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet. Interpretation of the BMI: A person with a BMI over 25.0 kg/m2 is considered overweight. A BMI over 30.0 kg/m2 de ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Definition

Obesity is a concept that is being continually redefined. In humans, the most common statistical estimate of excess fat mass is the body mass index (BMI), calculated by dividing the weight by the height squared; its unit is therefore kg/m2, although no actual surface is implied. The BMI was created in the 19th century by the Belgian statistician Adolphe Quetelet. Interpretation of the BMI: A BMI over 25.0 kg/m2 is categorized as overweight. A BMI over 30.0 kg/m2 is c ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Definition

Obesity - Culture and obesity. In several human cultures, obesity is associated with attractiveness, strength, and fertility. Some of the earliest known cultural artifacts, known as Venuses, are pocket-sized statuettes representing an obese female figure. Although their cultural significance is unrecorded, their widespread use throughout pre-historic Mediterranean and European cultures suggests a central role for the obese female form in magical rituals, and suggests cult ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Cultural and social significance

Obesity - Causative factors. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, fat cells (and to a lesser extent muscle and liver cells) throughout the body take in the energy and store it as fat. In its simplest conception, therefore, obesity is only made possible when the lifetime energy intake exceeds lifetime energy expenditure by more than it does for individuals of "normal weight." In all individuals, the excess energy utilized to generate fat reserves is minute relative to the total number of calories ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Causes

Obesity, especially central obesity (male-type or waist-predomimant obesity), is an important risk factor for the "metabolic syndrome" ("syndrome X"), the clustering of a number of diseases and risk factors that heavily predispose for cardiovascular disease. These are diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (combined hyperlipidemia). An inflammatory state is present, which — together with the above — has been implicated in the high prevalence of atherosclerosis (fatty lumps in the arterial wall), and a prothrombotic stat ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Complications

The mainstay of treatment for obesity is an energy-limited diet and increased exercise. In studies, diet and exercise programs have consistently produced an average weight loss of approximately 8% of total body mass on average (excluding study drop-outs). While not all dieters will be satisfied with this outcome, studies have shown that a loss of as little as 5% of body mass can create enormous health benefits. A more intractable therapeutic problem appears to be weight loss maintenance. Of dieters who manage to lose 10% or more of th ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Therapy

There is continuous debate over obesity, at several levels. While scientific evidence for particular risks and treatments is fairly firm, the evidence informing debates on exact causation, social impact and necessary policy responses is much less clear-cut. In the area of policy and public debate, statistics demonstrating correlations are typically misinterpreted as demonstrating causation, a fallacy known as the spurious relationship. As much of the data is open to interpretation, there have been many "experts" taking positions, as well as policy pressure groups, influencing the debate from various angles. Ob ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence of obesity in American children

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Controversies

Brachiopods come in two easily distinguished varieties. Inarticulate brachiopods are held together entirely by musculature, whereas articulate brachiopods have hinges. Brachiopods are always marine and are found either attached to hard substrates by a structure called a pedicle or resting on muddy bottoms. Brachiopods are filter feeders with a distinctive feeding organ called a lophophore. Modern brachiopods generally live in areas of cold water, ei ...

See also:

Brachiopod, Brachiopod - General description, Brachiopod - Evolutionary history, Brachiopod - Classification, Brachiopod - Of note, Brachiopod - Reference

Read more here: » Brachiopod: Encyclopedia II - Brachiopod - General description

The earliest known Anseriform is the recently discovered Vegavis, which lived during the Cretaceous period [1]. It is thought that the Anseriformes originated when two groups of specialised filter feeders diverged from the Charadriiformes (plovers, gulls and allies) by evolving different mechanisims to filter small food particles from water. The flamingos developed a filter structure in the lower part of the bill; the ancestors of the Anseriformes developed the characteristic bill structure that they still share. The combination of th ...

See also:

Anseriformes, Anseriformes - Evolution, Anseriformes - Taxonomy

Read more here: » Anseriformes: Encyclopedia II - Anseriformes - Evolution

2006 "The Nokia Isle of Wight Festival" June 10 - June 12, 2006: Headline Acts announced so far - The Prodigy, Goldfrapp, Placebo 2005 "The Nokia Isle of Wight Festival" June 10 - June 12, 2005: Headline Acts - R.E.M., Roxy Music, Travis, Faithless, Snow Patrol, Razorlight, Feeder,The Subways 2004 "The Nokia Isle of Wight Festival" June 11 - June 13, 2004: Headline Acts - David Bowie, The Who, S ...

See also:

Isle of Wight Festival, Isle of Wight Festival - Revived Festival Details

Read more here: » Isle of Wight Festival: Encyclopedia II - Isle of Wight Festival - Revived Festival Details