In Roman religion, the Feast of the Lemures, called the Lemuralia or Lemuria, was a feast during which the ancient Romans performed rites to exorcise the malevolent and fearful ghosts of the dead from their homes. The unwholesome and malevolent specters of the restless dead (lemures) were propitiated with offerings of beans. On those days, the Vestals would prepare sacred mola salsa (salt cake) from the first ears of wheat of the season. Jupiter Mars Quirinus Vesta ...

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• Feast of the Lemures - Sources

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The word Larvae also is the plural of larva, the juvenile form of animals with indirect development. See larva. Jupiter Mars Quirinus Vesta Juno Fortuna Minerva Mercury Vulcan Ceres Venus Lares The Flamens Penates Genius Manes LarvaeIncluding:

• Larvae - Singular
• Larvae - Larva

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Counting of the Omer (or Sefirat Ha'omer, Hebrew: ספירת העומר) within Judaism, is a verbal counting with a blessing during the 49 days between Pesach (Passover) and Shavuot (Pentecost) which are counted ceremoniously as a commemoration of the Omer ceremony which was celebrated in the Temple in Jerusalem. This process is called Counting of the Omer. Counting of the Omer - Source. The source for this tradition is Leviticus 23:15-16: "15. And you shall count for yourselves, ...

Including:

• Counting of the Omer - Source
• Counting of the Omer - Background
• Counting of the Omer - The count
• Counting of the Omer - As a period of mourning

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The historical phenomenon of Christianization, the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire peoples at once (a political shift as much as a spontaneous mass shift in individual consciences), also includes the practice of converting pagan cult practices, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar to Christian uses. In Antiquity, Christianization was effected only partly through laws against sacrifice and sorcery and official conversions of temples to Christian churches. It was effected also by the degradation of pagan gods into d ...

Including:

• Christianization - Christianized populations
• Christianization - Christianized sites
• Christianization - The Christianized landscape
• Christianization - The Christianized calendar
• Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria
• Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween
• Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia
• Christianization - Suppressing Yule
• Christianization - External link

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In Celtic polytheism the word Druid denotes the priestly class in ancient Celtic societies, which existed through much of Western Europe north of the Alps and in the British Isles. Druidic practices were part of the culture of all the tribal peoples called "Keltoi" and "Galatai" by Greeks and "Celtae" and "Galli" by Romans, which evolved into modern English "Celtic" and "Gaulish". Modern attempts at reconstructing or reinventing Druidism are called Neo-druidism. Druid - Etymology. The word DruidIncluding:

• Druid - Etymology
• Druid - History
• Druid - Roman sources
• Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland
• Druid - Social and religious influence
• Druid - Druidic sites
• Druid - In Christian literature
• Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders
• Druid - The Druidic Revival
• Druid - Modern Druidism

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Several Christian feasts occupy moments in the year that were formerly devoted to pagan celebrations. Familiar examples are the Roman Saturnalia, converted to Christmas, the festivities of Yule in northern Europe, the name of Eostre converted to English "Easter" to identify the Paschal festival, the celebration of Midsummer Day as the birthday feast of John the Baptist, and the celebrations of Celtic ...

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Christianization, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

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Several Christian feasts occupy moments in the year that were formerly devoted to pagan celebrations. Familiar examples are the Roman Saturnalia, converted to Christmas, the festivities of Yule in northern Europe, the name of Eostre converted to English "Easter" to identify the Paschal festival, the celebration of Midsummer Day as the birthday feast of John the Baptist, and the celebrations of Celtic ...

See also:

Christianization, Christianization - Overview, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

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The Druids' influence was as much social as religious. They not only performed roles similar to modern priests, but were often the philosophers, scientists, lore-masters, teachers, judges and counsellors to the kings. The Druids linked the Celtic peoples with their numerous gods, the lunar calendar and the sacred natural order. They were suppressed in Gaul and Britain after the Roman conquests, but retained their influence in Ireland until the coming of Christianity. The Druids' roles were then assumed by the bishop and the abbot, who were usually not the same individual, h ...

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Druid, Druid - Etymology, Druid - History, Druid - Roman sources, Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland, Druid - Social and religious influence, Druid - Druidic sites, Druid - In Christian literature, Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders, Druid - The Druidic Revival, Druid - Modern Druidism

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Sites associated with Druidry include: The Isle of Ynys Mon The Isle of Man Wistman's Wood on Dartmoor Newland's Corner in Surrey Iona The association of Druids with Stonehenge is entirely false. It was invented in the sixteenth century in attempts to explain the mysteries of Stonehenge, a prehistoric monument that was abandoned long before any Druids came to Britain. There is no evidence whatever that it was ever used by authentic Druids in ancient times. Nevertheless, it has become an important site for moder ...

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Druid, Druid - Etymology, Druid - History, Druid - Roman sources, Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland, Druid - Social and religious influence, Druid - Druidic sites, Druid - In Christian literature, Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders, Druid - The Druidic Revival, Druid - Modern Druidism

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The people of Flanders and the Low Countries remained pagan as late as the 7th century CE, when Saint Eligius travelled from Antwerp to Frisia, preaching and converting them to Christianity. One of the best glimpses of late Druidic practices comes from the Vita of Eligius written by saint Ouen, his contemporary and companion. Ouen drew together the familiar admonitions of Eligius to the pagans in Flanders. "It does not represent anything he said in a particular day in order" Ouen cautioned, "but is a dige ...

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Druid, Druid - Etymology, Druid - History, Druid - Roman sources, Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland, Druid - Social and religious influence, Druid - Druidic sites, Druid - In Christian literature, Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders, Druid - The Druidic Revival, Druid - Modern Druidism

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In the lives of saints and martyrs, the Druids are represented as magicians and diviners opposing the Christian missionaries. In Adamnan's vita of Columba, two of them act as tutors to the daughters of Lóegaire mac Néill, the High King, at the coming of Saint Patrick. They are represented as endeavouring to prevent the progress of Patrick and Saint Columba by raising clouds and mist. Before the battle of Culdremne (561) a Druid made an airbe drtiad (fence of protection?) round one of the armies, but what is precisely meant by ...

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Druid, Druid - Etymology, Druid - History, Druid - Roman sources, Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland, Druid - Social and religious influence, Druid - Druidic sites, Druid - In Christian literature, Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders, Druid - The Druidic Revival, Druid - Modern Druidism

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From what little we know of late Druidic practice, it appears deeply traditional and conservative, in the sense that Druids were conserving repositories of culture and lore. It is impossible now to judge whether this continuity had deep historical roots and originated in the social transformations of the late La Tene culture, or whether there had been a discontinuity and a Druidic religious innovation. Our historical knowledge of Druids is very limited. Druidic lore consisted of a large number of verses learned by heart and it has bee ...

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Druid, Druid - Etymology, Druid - History, Druid - Roman sources, Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland, Druid - Social and religious influence, Druid - Druidic sites, Druid - In Christian literature, Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders, Druid - The Druidic Revival, Druid - Modern Druidism

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When referring to Northern Europe, the means of this conversion were chiefly Proselytism directed towards monarchs and chieftains whose people then followed their conversion, on the pattern established by the baptism of Clovis, King of the Franks. Main article: Baptism of Poland. The Christianization of Poland provides an example of this process. The "Baptism of Poland" (Polish: Chrzest Polski) in 966 refers to the baptism of Mieszko I, the first ruler of a united Polish state. His baptism was followe ...

See also:

Christianization, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

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Ayyavazhi Religion - Bible stories - Biblical names - Born-again Christian laypeople - Buddhist terms and concepts - Cathedrals - Christian denominations - Christians - Deities - Demons - Di Indigetes (Roman gods & goddesses) - Dramatic portrayals of Jesus Christ - Founders of major religions - Greek mythological characters - Hinduism - Islamic terms - Jesus-related articles - Major world religions - Monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII of England - Mormonism - Muslims - Names for the Biblical nameless - Ninety-nine n ...

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List of religious topics, List of religious topics - List of lists, List of religious topics - 0-9, List of religious topics - A, List of religious topics - B, List of religious topics - C, List of religious topics - D, List of religious topics - E, List of religious topics - F, List of religious topics - G, List of religious topics - H, List of religious topics - I, List of religious topics - J, List of religious topics - K, List of religious topics - L, List of religious topics - M, List of religious topics - N, List of religious topics - O, List of religious topics - P, List of religious topics - Q, List of religious topics - R, List of religious topics - S, List of religious topics - T, List of religious topics - U, List of religious topics - V, List of religious topics - W, List of religious topics - X, List of religious topics - Y, List of religious topics - Z

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The British Isles and other areas of northern Europe that were formerly druidic are still densely punctuated by holy wells and holy springs that are now attributed to some saint, often a highly local saint unknown elsewhere. These water sources have always been guarded by supernatural forces in the European imagination. An example of the pre-Christian water spirit is the melusina. As the official Catholic Church expanded its requirements for Christian baptisteries in the 5th and 6th centuries, sacred pagan springs presented natural op ...

See also:

Christianization, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

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This practice of Christianization has at times been relatively peaceful and at times has been a very violent process, ranging from inspired works of charity which convinced populations to adopt Christianity to forced conversions. When Yale historian Ramsay MacMullen treated the Christianization of the Roman Empire, he divided his book in two sections, before and after the year 312, which marked the momentous conversion of Constantine. Constantine ended the persecution of Christianity (and other religions) with the Edict of Milan, so t ...

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Christianization, Christianization - Overview, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

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When referring to Northern Europe, the means of this conversion were chiefly Proselytism directed towards monarchs and chieftains whose people then followed their conversion, on the pattern established by the baptism of Clovis, King of the Franks. Main article: Baptism of Poland. The Christianization of Poland provides an example of this process. The "Baptism of Poland" (Polish: Chrzest Polski) in 966 refers to the baptism of Mieszko I, the first ruler of a united Polish state. His baptism was followe ...

See also:

Christianization, Christianization - Overview, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

Read more here: » Christianization: Encyclopedia II - Christianization - Christianized populations

The British Isles and other areas of northern Europe that were formerly druidic are still densely punctuated by holy wells and holy springs that are now attributed to some saint, often a highly local saint unknown elsewhere. These water sources have always been guarded by supernatural forces in the European imagination. An example of the pre-Christian water spirit is the melusina. As the official Catholic Church expanded its requirements for Christian baptisteries in the 5th and 6th centuries, sacred pagan springs presented natural op ...

See also:

Christianization, Christianization - Overview, Christianization - Christianized populations, Christianization - Christianized sites, Christianization - The Christianized landscape, Christianization - The Christianized calendar, Christianization - Christianizing the Lemuria, Christianization - Cultural history of Halloween, Christianization - Christianizing the Saturnalia, Christianization - Suppressing Yule, Christianization - External link

Read more here: » Christianization: Encyclopedia II - Christianization - The Christianized landscape

In the 18th century, England and Wales experienced a revival of interest in the Druids, inspired by, among others, John Aubrey, John Toland and William Stukely. The poet William Blake was involved in the revival and may have been an Archdruid; the Ancient Druid Order, which existed from 1717 until it split into two groups in 1964, never used the title "Archdruid" for any member but credited Blake as ha ...

See also:

Druid, Druid - Etymology, Druid - History, Druid - Roman sources, Druid - Early Druids in Britain and Ireland, Druid - Social and religious influence, Druid - Druidic sites, Druid - In Christian literature, Druid - Late Druidic survivals in Flanders, Druid - The Druidic Revival, Druid - Modern Druidism

Read more here: » Druid: Encyclopedia II - Druid - The Druidic Revival