Many diverse regimes have self-identified as fascist, and defining fascism has proved complicated and contentious. Historians, political scientists, and other scholars have engaged in long and furious debates concerning the exact nature of fascism and its core tenets. Since the 1990s, however, there has been a growing move toward some rough consensus reflected in the work of Payne, Eatwell, Griffin, ...

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Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and Sexuality, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Definition

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Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and feminism, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Definition

Defining fascism is complicated and contentious. Many experts define the term quite differently and many diverse regimes have self-identified as fascist. See Fascism and ideology. The word "fascism" comes from fascio (plural: fasci), which may mean "bundle," as in a political or militant group or a nation, but also from the fasces (rods bundled around an axe), which were an ancient Roman symbol of the authority of magistrates. The Italian Fascisti were also known as Black Shirts for their style of uniform incorporating a bla ...

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Fascism, Fascism - Definition, Fascism - Italian Fascism, Fascism - Early history, Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism, Fascism - Mussolini's influences, Fascism - Nazism and Fascism, Fascism - Differences, Fascism - Similarities, Fascism - Anti-Communism, Fascism - Fascism and religion, Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church, Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches, Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon, Fascism - Fascism and feminism, Fascism - Neo-Fascism, Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings, Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia II - Fascism - Definition

This series is linked to the Politics and elections series Varieties and derivatives of fascism Neo-Fascism Nazism Rexism Falangism Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Militarism Greek fascism Fascist political parties and movements Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime Relevant lists List of fascis ...

Including:

Fascism - Definition Fascism - Italian Fascism
Fascism - Early history Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism Fascism - Mussolini's influences
Fascism - Nazism and Fascism
Fascism - Differences Fascism - Similarities
Fascism - Anti-Communism Fascism - Fascism and religion
Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches
Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon Fascism - Fascism and feminism Fascism - Neo-Fascism Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia - Fascism

This series is linked to the Politics and elections series Varieties and derivatives of fascism Neo-Fascism Nazism Rexism Falangism Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Militarism Greek fascism Fascist political parties and movements Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime Relevant lists List of fascis ...

Including:

Fascism - Definition Fascism - Italian Fascism
Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism Fascism - Mussolini's influences
Fascism - Nazism and Fascism
Fascism - Differences Fascism - Similarities
Fascism - Anti-Communism Fascism - Fascism and religion
Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches
Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon Fascism - Fascism and feminism Fascism - Neo-Fascism Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia - Fascism

Hindutva ("Hinduness", a word coined by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1923 pamphlet entitled Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? ) is used to describe movements advocating Hindu nationalism. The former ruling party in India, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is closely associated with a group of organizations that promote Hindutva. They collectively refer to themselves as the "Sangh Parivar" or family of associations, and include the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sa ...

Including:

Hindutva - Organisations Hindutva - Definition and etymology Hindutva - Central beliefs Hindutva - Philosophy Hindutva - Major Organizations Hindutva - Views on other faiths Hindutva - Indian fascism? Hindutva - Literature

Read more here: » Hindutva: Encyclopedia - Hindutva

This series is linked to the Politics and elections series Varieties and derivatives of fascism Neo-Fascism Nazism Rexism Falangism Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Militarism Greek fascism Fascist political parties and movements Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime Relevant lists List of fa ...

Including:

Corporatism - Classical theoretical origins Corporatism - Neo-corporatism Corporatism - State corporatism Corporatism - Criticism
Corporatism - Anti-Corporate Criticism. Modern definition of corporatism. Corporatism - Free Market criticisms
Corporatism - Sources

Read more here: » Corporatism: Encyclopedia - Corporatism

White nationalism is the belief that white people have a common identity and common interests, a belief proponents argue is considered uncontroversial when advocated by any other ethnic or racial group. Pursuit of these interests includes the establishment of organisations to promote issues important to white people. Specific policies include the preservation and teaching of European history and culture, and opposition to economic or social discrimination against whites. Racialism and Racism, Nationalis ...

Including:

White nationalism - White nationalist beliefs White nationalism - White separatism White nationalism - The concept of race White nationalism - Definition of white White nationalism - History of white nationalism White nationalism - A critical view White nationalism - White Supremacists and Neo-Nazis White nationalism - White nationalist groups
White nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » White nationalism: Encyclopedia - White nationalism

Indian fascism is a term that has been erroneously applied by critics to certain Hindu organisations based on the principle of Hindutva, in particular the Sangh Parivar. The ideological beginning of this line of political thought in modern India is the RSS. Its aim, according to its stated objectives wants to instil national pride in every Indian. Its motto is 'Sangathit Hindu, Samartha Bharat' i.e. 'United Hindus, capable India'. The RSS is the largest voluntary organisation in the world. All of its gatherings are held on open ...

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Hindutva, Hindutva - Organisations, Hindutva - Definition and etymology, Hindutva - Central beliefs, Hindutva - Philosophy, Hindutva - Major Organizations, Hindutva - Views on other faiths, Hindutva - Indian fascism?, Hindutva - Literature

Read more here: » Hindutva: Encyclopedia II - Hindutva - Indian fascism?

In a judgment the Indian Supreme Court ruled that "no precise meaning can be ascribed to the terms 'Hindu', 'Hindutva' and 'Hinduism'; and no meaning in the abstract can confine it to the narrow limits of religion alone, excluding the content of Indian culture and heritage. In popular usage Hindutva has come to be identified with the guiding ideology of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, a Hindu Nationalist organization. The etymology of the word is peculiar, "Hindu-" coming from a Persian root while "-tva" is a Sanskrit suffix. "Hindut ...

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Hindutva, Hindutva - Organisations, Hindutva - Definition and etymology, Hindutva - Central beliefs, Hindutva - Philosophy, Hindutva - Major Organizations, Hindutva - Views on other faiths, Hindutva - Indian fascism?, Hindutva - Literature

Read more here: » Hindutva: Encyclopedia II - Hindutva - Definition and etymology

The advocates of Hindutva often use the term pseudo-secularism to refer to the Indian Constitution's provisions for minority rights. They point to the different standards for Hindus, Muslims and Christians. They rebel against an attempt to create what they see as a 'separate-but-equal' system; some supporters of Hindutva see it as the Indian National Congress party's effort to woo the sizeable minority vote bank at the expense of true equality. The subject of a secular Uniform Civil Code, which would remove special religion-based provisions ...

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Hindutva, Hindutva - Organisations, Hindutva - Definition and etymology, Hindutva - Central beliefs, Hindutva - Philosophy, Hindutva - Major Organizations, Hindutva - Views on other faiths, Hindutva - Indian fascism?, Hindutva - Literature

Read more here: » Hindutva: Encyclopedia II - Hindutva - Views on other faiths

The classic definition of Italian Fascism applies to the latter part of the history of the movement in power, when Italy was firmly under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. Its initial political stance - in the June 1919 Manifesto - includes, however, many elements that would not be normally associated with fascism in the classic definition, including support for democracy (indeed, the fascist manifesto actually called for greater democratic rights) and a limited number of socialist ideas. All these were slowly abandoned over the following years, as fascism ...

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Fascist manifesto, Fascist manifesto - Origins of Italian Fascism, Fascist manifesto - Contents of the Fascist Manifesto, Fascist manifesto - The Manifesto in Practice

Read more here: » Fascist manifesto: Encyclopedia II - Fascist manifesto - Origins of Italian Fascism

In his book, Liberalism and the Challenge of Fascism, Schapiro set out to discuss the changes in both England and France. Prof. Schapiro contrasted the smooth evolution of liberalism in England to the violent swings back and forth between reaction and liberal forces in France. This historical violent dialectic in France, in Schapiro's argument, was what created the basic ideas of National Socialism. Prof. Schapiro's Definition of Fascism "It would be a great error to regard fascism as a counterrevolutionary ...

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J. Salwyn Schapiro, J. Salwyn Schapiro - Work, J. Salwyn Schapiro - Quotes, J. Salwyn Schapiro - Writings of Schapiro

Read more here: » J. Salwyn Schapiro: Encyclopedia II - J. Salwyn Schapiro - Work

The term "race" itself is somewhat contentious. Anthropologists tend to be of the opinion that the concept has little or no scientific value, while biologists generally view it as meaningful and useful. Many geneticists, such as Cavalli-Sforza, have insisted that the term be abandoned in a scientific context, and prefer the term "population group," because it better describes the idea of a breeding population which has been more or less endogamous for enough ...

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White nationalism, White nationalism - White nationalist beliefs, White nationalism - White separatism, White nationalism - The concept of race, White nationalism - Definition of white, White nationalism - History of white nationalism, White nationalism - A critical view, White nationalism - White Supremacists and Neo-Nazis, White nationalism - White nationalist groups, White nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » White nationalism: Encyclopedia II - White nationalism - The concept of race

White-nationalists often have a definition of whiteness that is more limited than official usage. Whiteness, in this case, requires an ancestry that is solely or overwhelmingly European, and also usually a psychological identification with European culture and heritage, as well as a commitment to advance its interests. Therefore, Jewish and Arabic peoples, being of a Semitic (Middle-Eastern) ancestral origin, are typically not considered whi ...

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White nationalism, White nationalism - White nationalist beliefs, White nationalism - White separatism, White nationalism - The concept of race, White nationalism - Definition of white, White nationalism - History of white nationalism, White nationalism - A critical view, White nationalism - White Supremacists and Neo-Nazis, White nationalism - White nationalist groups, White nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » White nationalism: Encyclopedia II - White nationalism - Definition of white

White nationalism is more controversial than other forms of ethnic or racial identity politics because it is often allied with ideas of inherent white supremacy; in many countries it is a backlash movement against gains made by other racial and ethnic groups against the unequal power of privilege of the dominant white population. White nationalists respond that they are simply organizing in ways similar to organisations such as the NAACP and other groups that are generally not seen as controversial, and that to accuse white-nationalist groups of racism while approving of, or tolerating, other racially-oriented gr ...

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White nationalism, White nationalism - White nationalist beliefs, White nationalism - White separatism, White nationalism - The concept of race, White nationalism - Definition of white, White nationalism - History of white nationalism, White nationalism - A critical view, White nationalism - White Supremacists and Neo-Nazis, White nationalism - White nationalist groups, White nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » White nationalism: Encyclopedia II - White nationalism - A critical view

Definition and meaning of Fascism

Fascism - [World History]

Fascism is a philosophy or system of government distinguished by strict social and economic control; a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator; and often a policy of belligerent nationalism. Benito Mussolini was a socialist prior to World War I, but as he fought for Italy, he became a nationalist intent on uniting Italians and ensuring their obedience to a central authority. Fascists did not support the formation of political parties since this disrupted the unity of the state, and they did not support democracy because the concerns of the people were secondary to the good of the nation. A strong fascist nation had the right to build its following by controlling weaker nations. Mussolini was named prime minister of Italy in 1922 and retained control through 1943. In Germany, the Weimar Republic, established at the end of World War I, was challenged by leftists (communists) who believed in world revolution and by ultra-conservatives (fascists and extreme nationalists) who opposed the democratic goals of the republic. Adolf Hitler attempted to unite Germany as a fascist state. Because of the influences of fascism, it was natural for Hitler to destroy anything which threatened the unified nation, hence his fixation with purifying the dominant Aryan race and his insistence on totalitarian rule. In Japan, economic depression increased public dissatisfaction with the government and bolstered ideas of nationalism and protection of Japanese interests. In 1932 the military defied the civil government and established a military dictatorship in Japan. Fascism in Japan differed from that in Germany or Italy because there was not one dictator but a group of military leaders who ruled. They sought to expand the Japanese empire, secure more raw materials, and increase their trading networks. The militarism and nationalism of Japan propelled it into World War II.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Fascism

Fascism - [World History]

Fascism is a philosophy or system of government distinguished by strict social and economic control; a strong, centralized government usually headed by a dictator; and often a policy of belligerent nationalism. Benito Mussolini was a socialist prior to World War I, but as he fought for Italy, he became a nationalist intent on uniting Italians and ensuring their obedience to a central authority. Fascists did not support the formation of political parties since this disrupted the unity of the state, and they did not support democracy because the concerns of the people were secondary to the good of the nation. A strong fascist nation had the right to build its following by controlling weaker nations. Mussolini was named prime minister of Italy in 1922 and retained control through 1943. In Germany, the Weimar Republic, established at the end of World War I, was challenged by leftists (communists) who believed in world revolution and by ultra-conservatives (fascists and extreme nationalists) who opposed the democratic goals of the republic. Adolf Hitler attempted to unite Germany as a fascist state. Because of the influences of fascism, it was natural for Hitler to destroy anything which threatened the unified nation, hence his fixation with purifying the dominant Aryan race and his insistence on totalitarian rule. In Japan, economic depression increased public dissatisfaction with the government and bolstered ideas of nationalism and protection of Japanese interests. In 1932 the military defied the civil government and established a military dictatorship in Japan. Fascism in Japan differed from that in Germany or Italy because there was not one dictator but a group of military leaders who ruled. They sought to expand the Japanese empire, secure more raw materials, and increase their trading networks. The militarism and nationalism of Japan propelled it into World War II.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of fascist:

fascist

Fascists subscribed to a philosophy of governmental dictatorship that merges the interests of the state, armed forces, and big business. Fascism was associated with the dictatorship of Italian leader Benito Mussolini between 1922 and 1943 and also often applied to Nazi Germany.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Nazism

Nazism - [World History]

In Germany, the Weimar Republic, established at the end of World War I, was challenged by leftists (communists) who believed in world revolution and by ultra-conservatives (fascists and extreme nationalists) who opposed the democratic goals of the republic. Adolf Hitler attempted to unite Germany as a fascist state. Because of the influences of fascism, it was natural for Hitler to destroy anything which threatened the unified nation, hence his fixation with purifying the dominant Aryan race and his insistence on totalitarian rule. Born in Austria during a period of social unrest and economic depression, he served in the Bavarian army during World War I and was convinced that Germany was defeated not on the battlefield but internally, by conspiratorial forces. In 1919 he joined the German Workers' Party, a group favoring nationalism. In 1920 the name was changed to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiter-Partei -- NSDAP -- shortened to Nazi). By 1921 Hitler was the party leader patterning his rule on that of Benito Mussolini and his Fascist Party in Italy. Hitler outlined his views in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) published in 1925. In 1933 the Nazis seized power and became the only legal political party in Germany.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap