Eye color - Brown eyes. The vast majority of the world's people have dark eyes, ranging from brown to nearly black. Light brown eyes are also present in many people, but to a lesser extent. Most of the original inhabitants of Africa, Asia, and the Americas have brown eyes. Brown eyes are also found in Europe, Oceania and North America, though within European populations they are not predominate to the same extent. In this population, brown eyes are genetically linked to brown or black hair. See also:

Eye color, Eye color - Colors, Eye color - Brown eyes, Eye color - Black eyes, Eye color - Hazel eyes, Eye color - Blue eyes, Eye color - Grey eyes, Eye color - Green eyes, Eye color - Blue-Green eyes, Eye color - Red eyes, Eye color - Heterochromia, Eye color - Genetics

Read more here: » Eye color: Encyclopedia II - Eye color - Colors

Three gene pairs controlling human eye color are known. Two of the gene pairs occur on chromosome pair 15 and one occurs on chromosome pair 19. The bey 2 gene (EYCL3), on chromosome 15, has a brown and a blue allele. A second gene (EYCL1), located on chromosome 19 (the gey gene) has a blue and a green allele. A third gene, bey 1, located on chromosome 15, is a central brown eye color gene. Geneticists have designed a model using the bey 2 and gey gene pairs that explains the inheritance of blue, green and brown eyes. In ...

See also:

Eye color, Eye color - Colors, Eye color - Brown eyes, Eye color - Black eyes, Eye color - Hazel eyes, Eye color - Blue eyes, Eye color - Grey eyes, Eye color - Green eyes, Eye color - Blue-Green eyes, Eye color - Red eyes, Eye color - Heterochromia, Eye color - Genetics

Read more here: » Eye color: Encyclopedia II - Eye color - Genetics

Visions of Lights in Meditation

Various kinds of lights manifest during meditation owing to concentration. In the beginning, a bright, white light, the size of a pin's point will appear in the forehead in Trikuti which corresponds tentatively to the Ajna Chakra of the astral body. When the eyes are closed, you will notice different colored lights such as white, yellow, red, smoky, blue, green, mixed color, flashes like lightning, like fire, burning charcoal, fire-flies, the moon, the sun and stars. These lights appear in the mental space, Chidakasha. These are all Tanmatric lights.

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Color vision is the capacity of an organism or machine to distinguish objects based on the wavelength of the light they reflect or emit. A 'red' apple does not emit red light. Rather, it simply absorbs all the frequencies of light shining on it except the frequencies we call red, which are reflected. An apple is perceived to be red only because the human eye can distinguish between different wavelengths—and we have language to describe that difference. Three things are needed to see color: a light sour ...

Including:

• Color vision - Color perception
• Color vision - Cone cells in the human eye
• Color vision - Chromatic adaptation

Read more here: » Color vision: Encyclopedia - Color vision

An eye is an organ that detects light. Different kinds of light-sensitive organs are found in a variety of creatures. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark. More complex eyes are used to provide the sense of vision. Many complex organisms including some mammals, birds, reptiles and fish have two eyes which may be placed on the same plane to be interpreted as a single three-dimensional "image" (binocular vision), as in humans; or on different planes producing two separate "images" (monocular ...

Including:

• Eye - Varieties of eyes
• Eye - Evolution of eyes
• Eye - Anatomy
• Eye - Cytology
• Eye - Acuity
• Eye - Dynamic range
• Eye - Adnexa and related parts
• Eye - The orbit
• Eye - Eyebrows
• Eye - Eyelids
• Eye - Eyelashes
• Eye - Eye movement
• Eye - Rapid eye movement
• Eye - Saccades
• Eye - Microsaccades
• Eye - Vestibulo-ocular reflex
• Eye - Smooth pursuit movement
• Eye - Optokinetic reflex
• Eye - Vergence movement
• Eye - Accommodation
• Eye - Diseases disorders and age-related changes

Read more here: » Eye: Encyclopedia - Eye

Closed eye hallucinations or closed eye visualizations (CEV) is a term used to describe a distinct class of hallucination, which generally only occurs when one's eyes are closed, or one is in a darkened room. In particular, this is the primary form of hallucination encountered with the disassociative anaesthetic class of drugs, such as Ketamine, DXM and PCP. These compounds r ...

Including:

• Closed eye hallucinations - Level 1: The Visual Noise
• Closed eye hallucinations - Level 2: Light/Dark flashes
• Closed eye hallucinations - Level 3: Patterns motion and color
• Closed eye hallucinations - Level 4: Objects and Things
• Closed eye hallucinations - Level 5: Overriding physical perception
• Closed eye hallucinations - Image Burn-In
• Closed eye hallucinations - Protein Strings
• Closed eye hallucinations - Corneal Liquid
• Closed eye hallucinations - Blue-Sky Sprites

Read more here: » Closed eye hallucinations: Encyclopedia - Closed eye hallucinations

Human beings have many variations in hair color and texture. Hair color is the result of pigmentation due to the presence of the chemicals of melanin. In general, the more melanin, the darker the hair color. In general, the color of children's and adult's hair varies from pale yellow to deep black. The ethnic distribution of colors has historically varied by geographic area. For example, deep brown and black prevail in the Middle East, North Africa, and Mediterranean Europe, and even darker shades occur in East Asia, Sou ...

Including:

• Hair color - Effects of aging on hair color
• Hair color - Genetics
• Hair color - Medical conditions affecting hair color
• Hair color - Archaeological Hair

Read more here: » Hair color: Encyclopedia - Hair color

Color or colour [1] is the perception of the frequency (or wavelength) of light, and can be compared to how pitch (or a musical note) is the perception of the frequency or wavelength of sound. It is a perception that, in humans, derives from the ability of the fine structures of the eye to provide the brain with differently filtered analyses of a view (usually three). The perception of color is influenced by biology (some people are born ...

Including:

• Color - Physics of color
• Color - Important note
• Color - Spectral versus non-spectral colors
• Color - Physical basis of color
• Color - Color vision
• Color - Clinical issues
• Color - Tetrachromat
• Color - Color perception
• Color - Effect of luminosity
• Color - Cultural influences
• Color - Color constancy
• Color - Contrast
• Color - Measurement and reproduction of color
• Color - Pigments and reflective media
• Color - Structural color
• Color - Footnotes

Read more here: » Color: Encyclopedia - Color

Color blindness, or color vision deficiency, in humans is the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish. It is most often of genetic nature, but may also occur because of eye, nerve, or brain damage, or due to exposure to certain chemicals. The English chemist John Dalton in 1794 published the first scientific paper on the subject, "Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of colors", after the realization of his own color blindness; because of Dalton's work, the condition is sometimes called Daltonism, although this term is now used for a type of c ...

Including:

• Color blindness - Prevalence
• Color blindness - Causes of color blindness
• Color blindness - Classification of color deficiencies
• Color blindness - Red-green color blindness
• Color blindness - Blue-yellow color blindness
• Color blindness - Monochromacy
• Color blindness - Diagnosis
• Color blindness - Treatment and management
• Color blindness - Design implications of color blindness
• Color blindness - Misconceptions & Compensations

Read more here: » Color blindness: Encyclopedia - Color blindness

The Bubble Eye is a variety of goldfish, characterized by the fluid-filled sacs it has underneath either eye. It is a 'fancy' variety, its unusual shape the result of many years of selective breeding. Like the ranchu, the bubble eye lacks a dorsal fin, and has a double tail. It occurs in a number of colors, including gold, red, black, white, red-and-white, and calico. Its eye sacs typically start small, and then grow as the fish does, partially occluding its vision. Bubble E ...

Including:

• Bubble Eye - Care
• Bubble Eye - History
• Bubble Eye - Links

Read more here: » Bubble Eye: Encyclopedia - Bubble Eye

In the study of the perception of color, one of the first mathematically defined color spaces was the CIE XYZ color space (also known as CIE 1931 color space), created by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1931. The human eye has receptors for short (S), middle (M), and long (L) wavelengths, also known as blue, green, and red receptors. That means that one, in principle, needs three parameters to describe a color sensation. A specific method for associating three numbers (or tristimulus values) with each colo ...

Including:

• CIE 1931 color space - The CIE xy chromaticity diagram
• CIE 1931 color space - Definition of the CIE XYZ color space
• CIE 1931 color space - Experimental results - The CIE RGB color space
• CIE 1931 color space - Grassmann's Law
• CIE 1931 color space - Construction of the CIE XYZ color space from the Wright-Guild data
• CIE 1931 color space - Problems and solutions

Read more here: » CIE 1931 color space: Encyclopedia - CIE 1931 color space

Red is a color at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. Red light has a wavelength range of roughly 630-760 nm. Lower frequencies are called infrared, or far red. Red is an additive primary color, complementary to cyan. It was once considered to be a subtractive primary color, and is still sometimes described as such in non-scientific literature; however, the colors cyan, magenta and yellow are now known to be closer to the true subtractive primary colors detected by the eye, and are used in moder ...

Including:

• Red - Usage symbolism colloquial expressions
• Red - Variations
• Red - Red pigments

Read more here: » Red: Encyclopedia - Red

Black is a color with several subtle differences in meaning. Black - Color or light. Black can be defined as the visual impression experienced in directions from which no visible light reaches the eye. (This makes a contrast with whiteness, the impression of any combination of colors of light that equally stimulates all three types of color-sensitive visual receptors.) Pigments that absorb light rather than reflect it back to the eye "look black". A black pigment can, however, result from a combin ...

Including:

• Black - Color or light
• Black - Usage symbolism colloquial expressions
• Black - Black pigments

Read more here: » Black: Encyclopedia - Black

Iris has three main meanings, unrelated except for their derivation from the Greek word for rainbow: Iris (mythology), a messenger of the gods in Greek mythology, identified with the rainbow Iris (anatomy), the sphincter around the pupil of the eye, named for the colors in human and animal eyes Iris (plant), a colorful genus of flowering plants, named for the rainbow Terms derived from the three main meanings: 7 Iris, an asteroid named for the mythological figure ...

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The Blood Pheasant, Ithaginis cruentus, is the only species in genus Ithaginis of the Pheasant family. It has 15 different subspecies. This species' name comes from the fact that the males have vivid red coloring on the feathers of the breast, throat and forehead. Females are more uniformly colored with duller shades of reddish brown. Both males and females have a distinct ring of bare skin around the eye that is crimson colored, in addition to red feet. Subspecies are det ...

Read more here: » Blood Pheasant: Encyclopedia - Blood Pheasant

A compound eye is a visual organ found in certain arthropods such as some insects and crustaceans. It consists of between 12 and 1,000 ommatidia which are tiny sensors that distinguish between brightness and darkness, and sometimes can detect color. The image perceived by the arthropod is a combination of inputs from the numerous ommatidia, which are oriented to point in slightly different directions. In contrast to other eye types, there is no central lens or retina, resulting in poor image resolution; however, it can detect fast move ...

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A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors. The term derives from the name of its inventor, Bryce Bayer of Eastman Kodak, and refers to a particular arrangement of color filters used in most single-chip digital cameras. Bryce Bayer's patent called the green photosensors luminance-sensitive elements and the red and blue ones chrominance-sensitive elements. He used twice as many green elements as red or blue to mimic the human eye's greater resolving power with green light. These elements are referred t ...

Including:

• Bayer filter - An illustrated explanation of color image reconstruction

Read more here: » Bayer filter: Encyclopedia - Bayer filter

Cone cells, or cones, are cells in the retina of the eye which only function in relatively bright light. There are about 6 million in the human eye, concentrated at the fovea. They gradually become more sparse towards the outside of the retina. Cones are less sensitive to light than the rod cells in the retina (which support vision at low light levels), but allow the perception of color. They are also able to perceive finer detail and more rapid changes in images, because their response times to stimuli are faster ...

Including:

• Cone cell - Types
• Cone cell - Structure
• Cone cell - Table
• Cone cell - Reference

Read more here: » Cone cell: Encyclopedia - Cone cell

Daruma (達磨 or だるま) is the Japanese name for Bodhidharma. Daruma also refers to a hollow and round Japanese wish doll with no arms and legs, modelled after Bodhidharma. Typical colors are red (most common), yellow, green, and white. The doll has a face with a moustache and beard, but its eyes only contain the color white. Some dolls have written characters on the cheeks explaining the kind of wish or desire the owner has in mind, such as protection of loved ones. Th ...

Including:

• Daruma doll - Making a wish
• Daruma doll - Controversial aspects

Read more here: » Daruma doll: Encyclopedia - Daruma doll