Expert Dictionary

Certain members of the Dover Board of Education expressed concern about the teaching of evolution. In the summer of 2004 they were given legal advice by the Discovery Institute and around July accepted an offer to represent the board made by the Thomas More Law Center. On October 18, 2004, the school board voted 6–3 to add the following statement to their biology curriculum: Students will be made aware of the gaps/problems in Darwin’s theory and of other theories of evolution including, but not l ...

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Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Background, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Litigants, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Plaintiffs, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Defendants, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Trial, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Opening statements, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Witnesses, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Closing arguments, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Decision

Read more here: » Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District: Encyclopedia II - Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District - Background

Feng Shui and the flow of Qi: This article by the experienced Feng Shui teacher & practioner Siou Foon Lee explain how we may enhance our lives by understanding the flow of Qi, that, according to the ancient masters, is the force that enlivens the universe.

Read more here: » Feng Shui: Opening the Door to Qi

In 1963, the minority Liberal government of Lester B. Pearson gained power, and decided to adopt an official Canadian flag, via an act of Parliament. The idea of an official national flag had been discussed for decades in the 20th century, particularly during the Liberal governments of Mackenzie King; indeed, during the Second World War there was for a time an effort to create a national flag for Canadian troops to carry into battle, but in Pearson's words, "It was a ridiculous design by some heraldic expert in National Defence, with all sor ...

See also:

Flag of Canada, Flag of Canada - History, Flag of Canada - Royal Union Flag, Flag of Canada - Symbolism, Flag of Canada - Technical description, Flag of Canada - Government promotion, Flag of Canada - Parliamentary Flag Program

Read more here: » Flag of Canada: Encyclopedia II - Flag of Canada - History

Winona is a character in the Pokémon series. She is a gym leader in the Hoen region and resides in Fortree City. She is an expert on Flying-type Pokémon. In the anime, Winona has a Shiny Swellow. A Kecleon bars the way to her gym. Winona's Team Swellow Skarmory Pelipper Altaria Winona is a very experienced gym leader who uses Flying Pokemon. when Ash challenges her, he nearly loses, but with a little help from G ...

See also:

List of Hoenn Gym Leaders, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Roxanne, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - In the Pokémon Anime, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Brawly, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - In the Pokémon Animé, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Wattson, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - In the Pokémon Animé, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Flannery, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - In the Pokémon Animé, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Norman, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Winona, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Tate & Liza, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Juan, List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Wallace

Read more here: » List of Hoenn Gym Leaders: Encyclopedia II - List of Hoenn Gym Leaders - Winona

Discus fish should be only kept by experts who have extensive experience. These fish are finicky, and they can die very easily. Appropriate water conditions: • 78-88º F (26-31º C). Most people keep their discus at about 85º F (29º C).Due to these high temperature, care should be taken when choosing tankmates for discus. • pH and general hardness should be low for general discus keeping. The water sho ...

See also:

Discus fish, Discus fish - Caring for Discus, Discus fish - Buying Discus, Discus fish - Common Color Varieties, Discus fish - S. discus, Discus fish - S. aequifasciatus

Read more here: » Discus fish: Encyclopedia II - Discus fish - Caring for Discus

Reincarnation - Eastern religions and traditions. In India this doctrine was thoroughly established from ancient times. While metempsychosis was not established in the older sections of the Vedas, it was explicated first in the Upanishads (c. 1000 BC - AD 4), which are philosophico-mystic texts held to be the essence of the Vedas. The idea that the soul reincarnates is intricately linked to karma, whose first explication was also seen in the Hindu books of the Upanishads. The idea is that individua ...

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Reincarnation, Reincarnation - Overview, Reincarnation - Reincarnation in various religions, traditions and philosophies, Reincarnation - Eastern religions and traditions, Reincarnation - Western religions and traditions, Reincarnation - Contemporary movements and thinkers, Reincarnation - Common variations in the belief, Reincarnation - Reincarnation Research, Reincarnation - Objections to reincarnation, Reincarnation - Theories put forward to explain the phenomenon, Reincarnation - A theory of reincarnation

Read more here: » Reincarnation: Encyclopedia II - Reincarnation - Reincarnation in various religions, traditions and philosophies

Under these circumstances, Japanese operational planning was revised in 1934: the opening round of a hypothetical war with the USSR was contemplated in the neighborhood of the Manchurian frontiers. In 1934 the Soviet Tupolev TB-3 (ANT-6) four-engined "Super Heavy Bomber", reportedly capable of striking the Japanese home islands, was deployed in the Maritime province of Siberia (the first direct threat to the Japanese islands). In view of this situation the Japanese Army Staff effected radical changes in its operational planning for eventual ...

See also:

Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Policy from 1905, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Policy after 1918, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Policy from 1934, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Detailed planning of Japanese operations against the USSR, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Other Japanese military technical details, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Soviet Far East military dispositions, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Summary of Russo-Japanese conflicts 1929-1939, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Russo-Japanese Eastern Chinese Railway Incident 1929, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Litiaokou Incident 1931, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Russian-Japanese Changkufeng Hill incident 1938, Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Russian-Japanese Nomonhan incident 1939

Read more here: » Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940: Encyclopedia II - Japanese strategic planning for mainland Asia 1905-1940 - Policy from 1934

The skin is obviously accessible to topical local therapy. Antibiotic creams can help eliminate infections, while inflammatory skin diseases (such as eczema and psoriasis) often respond to steroid creams or topical anthralin. Dermatologists are innovators of new immune enhancing treatments, like topical imiquimod for superficial cancers and injection immunotherapy for warts as discussed below. Topical medications treat many dermatological diseases, but dermatologists also use oral medications. Antibiotics and immune suppressants or immune enhanancing agents (injection immunotherapy or topical imiquimod) ...

See also:

Dermatology, Dermatology - Scope of the field, Dermatology - Dermasurgery, Dermatology - Diagnosis, Dermatology - Therapy, Dermatology - Research, Dermatology - Dermatological diseases

Read more here: » Dermatology: Encyclopedia II - Dermatology - Therapy

Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English), was the title used for the autocratic monarchs of Bulgaria in 913-1396/1422 and 1908-1946, Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and Russia from 1547 to 1917 (although this usage is only technically correct until 1721). Tsar - History of usage. "Tsar" is ...

Including:

• Tsar - History of usage
• Tsar - Etymology and spelling
• Tsar - Imperium maius
• Tsar - Russia
• Tsar - Full title of Russian tsars
• Tsar - Titles for Russian Tsar's family
• Tsar - Notes

Read more here: » Tsar: Encyclopedia - Tsar

Alan Wilson Watts (January 6, 1915 – November 16, 1973) was a philosopher, writer, speaker, and expert in comparative religion. He wrote over twenty-five books and numerous articles on subjects such as personal identity, the true nature of reality, consciousness and the pursuit of happiness, relating his experience to scientific knowledge and to the teachings of Eastern and Western religions or philosophies (Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Hinduism). Beyond this, he was sensitive to certain new leanings in the West, and was in a ...

Including:

• Alan Watts - Early years
• Alan Watts - Middle years
• Alan Watts - Later years
• Alan Watts - Philosophy summarized
• Alan Watts - Books

Read more here: » Alan Watts: Encyclopedia - Alan Watts

 If we accept that dying is not the end of our existence but simply the end of the body that carried our consciousness, and that our soul survives and exists somewhere else, then we can accept that it might be possible to make contact with the consciousness and all the emotions and memories that continue on.

Spirit contact is thought-generated by both the medium and contacting spirit. When a medium sits with a client, the medium is in effect filled with thoughts about that client; these thoughts are then transmitted by the medium into the world of spirit.

Read more here: » Mediumship: How Psychic Mediums Contact the Spirit World and Communicate with our Loved Ones

Even in modern warfare, bayonets are still used as weapons because, although most combat occurs at a distance, troops are always required to close with an enemy to "mop-up". British forces for example performed bayonet charges during the Falklands War and the invasion of Iraq [1]. "The purpose of a bayonet is to stick your enemy as quickly and as many times as freaking possible." Quoted from Staff Sgt. James Hall, USMC bayonet instructor. Trainees at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot in San Diego get their first instruction in using the ...

See also:

Bayonet, Bayonet - History, Bayonet - Design, Bayonet - Modern use, Bayonet - The United States, Bayonet - Social impact, Bayonet - Bayonets by nation

Read more here: » Bayonet: Encyclopedia II - Bayonet - Modern use

Zara Yaqob (Amharic "Seed of Jacob") (1399–1468) was negus negust (1434–1468) of Ethiopia (throne name Kuestantinos I or Constantine I), and a member of the Solomonid dynasty. Born at Tilq in the province of Fatagar (now part of the Oromia Region, near the Awash River), Zara Yaqob was the youngest son of Dawit I and his youngest queen, Igzi Kebra. The British expert on Ethiopia, Edward Ullendorff, stated that Zara Yaqob "was unquestionably the greatest ruler Ethiopia had seen since Ezana, during the hey ...

Including:

• Zara Yaqob - Zara Yaqob's reign
• Zara Yaqob - Zara Yaqob and the Ethiopian church
• Zara Yaqob - Foreign affairs

Read more here: » Zara Yaqob: Encyclopedia - Zara Yaqob

To win in badminton, players need to employ a wide variety of strokes in the right situations. These range from extraordinarily powerful jumping smashes to soft, delicate tumbling net returns. The smash is a powerful overhead stroke played steeply downwards into the middle or rear of the opponents' court; it is similar to a tennis serve, but much faster: the shuttlecock can travel at 300km/h (186 mph). This is a very effective stroke, and pleases the crowds, but smashing is only one part of the game. Often rallies finish with a smash, but se ...

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Badminton, Badminton - The service court, Badminton - Equipment, Badminton - Playing the game, Badminton - The Rules, Badminton - Strategy, Badminton - History, Badminton - Sources

Read more here: » Badminton: Encyclopedia II - Badminton - Strategy

Socrates - Socratic method. See main article: Socratic method Perhaps his most important contribution to Western thought is his dialectic method of inquiry, known as the Socratic Method or method of elenchos, which he largely applied to the examination of key moral concepts such as the Good and Justice, concepts used constantly without any real definition. It was first described by Plato in the Socratic Dialogues. For this, Socrates is customarily regarded as the father of political philosophy and ethics or moral philosophy, and as a fountainhead of all the main t ...

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Socrates, Socrates - His character, Socrates - Trial and Death, Socrates - Philosophy, Socrates - Socratic method, Socrates - Philosophical beliefs, Socrates - Satirical playwrights, Socrates - Prose sources, Socrates - The Socratic Dialogues

Read more here: » Socrates: Encyclopedia II - Socrates - Philosophy

Kriyas, literally ''activities'', are spontaneous movements that occur after kundalini awakening. These include bodily activities such as trembling, shaking and spontaneous yoga postures; vocal activities such as yelling, or spontaneous chanting and mental activities such as visions. These kriyas eliminate the blocks to kundalini rising within the spine or central channel.

This FAQ gives an overview of Siddha Mahayoga. Part I of III.

In Part III: 1) What are kriyas?, 2) So how do kriyas purify my consciousness?, 3) Are these kriyas some sort of self-hypnosis or some sort New Age phenomenon?, 4) Haven't a number of well-known teachers criticized kriyas?, 5) Don't they say that kundalini is a force that needs control?, What is the philosophy of siddha mahayoga?, 6) What is the precise role of the guru in siddha mahayoga?, 7) What teachers give shaktipat initiation?, 8) Where can I learn more?

Read more here: » Siddha Mahayoga FAQ: What are kriyas? (part III of III) -

History is replete with Yogis that have inspired people for many generations. Yogini Meera from the Bhakti tradition, Shankaracharya from the Jnana Yoga tradition, Patanjali, who formalized the system of Raja Yoga, are just a few examples. Among modern Yogis, Shri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, a Bhakti Yogi, stands tall. A devotee of Mother Kali and a teacher of Advaita Vedanta, he preached that "all religions lead to the same goal." His student, Swami Vivekananda, a follower of Adva ...

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Yoga, Yoga - Yoga practice and intention, Yoga - The word yoga, Yoga - Diversity of yoga, Yoga - Yoga and religion, Yoga - Common themes, Yoga - Origins, Yoga - Hindu yoga, Yoga - Bhagavad Gita, Yoga - Patanjali, Yoga - God in Yoga philosophy, Yoga - Hatha yoga, Yoga - Natya yoga, Yoga - Buddhist yoga, Yoga - Yoga and tantra, Yoga - Notable Yogis

Read more here: » Yoga: Encyclopedia II - Yoga - Notable Yogis

Battered wife syndrome is a recognised psychological condition to describe a woman who, because of constant and severe physical abuse by a male partner, becomes depressed and unable to take any independent action that would allow her to escape the abuse. The condition explains why abused women often do not seek assistance from others, fight their abuser, or leave the abusive situation. Sufferers have low self-esteem, and often believe that the abuse is their fault. Such women usually refuse to press charges against their abuser, and r ...

Including:

• Battered wife syndrome - The law
• Battered wife syndrome - Canada
• Battered wife syndrome - English law
• Battered wife syndrome - Australia
• Battered wife syndrome - New Zealand
• Battered wife syndrome - Generally

Read more here: » Battered wife syndrome: Encyclopedia - Battered wife syndrome

The Vatican Bank is a common name given to the Istituto per le Opere di Religione (IOR) or Institute for Religious Works, the central bank for the Roman Catholic Church located in Vatican City. The Vatican Bank is run by a professional bank President who reports directly to a commitee of cardinals, and ultimately to the Pope (or the Cardinal Camerlengo during an interregnum). The current President is Angelo Caloia. Vatican Bank - History. The Vatican Bank is a branch of the Roman ...

Including:

• Vatican Bank - History
• Vatican Bank - Banco Ambrosiano scandal
• Vatican Bank - Allegations
• Vatican Bank - Legal action
• Vatican Bank - Role in popular culture

Read more here: » Vatican Bank: Encyclopedia - Vatican Bank

To suit the different constitutions, temperament and purpose, in Pranayama there are many varieties of exercises, viz., deep breathing exercise, Sukha Purvaka (easy comfortable) Pranayama during walking, Pranayama during meditation, Rhythmical breathing, Suryabheda, Ujjayi, Sitkari, Sitali, Bhastrika, Bhramari, Murchha, Plavini, Kevala Kumbhaka, etc. Of all the above exercises only the last eight are described in the Hatha Yogic texts.

From "Kundalini Yoga" by Sri Swami Sivananda

Read more here: » Pranayama: Breathing Exercices - Pranayama

Bodhidharma (Sanskrit: बोधिधर्म Chinese 菩提達摩, pinyin Pútídámó or simply Dámó; Wade-Giles Tamo; Japanese ダルマ, Daruma, Vietnamese: Bồ-đề-đạt-ma, Korean: 보리달마, bo-ri-dal-ma), also known as the Tripitaka Dharma Master, was a semi-legendary Buddhist monk. Bodhidharma is traditionally held in Shaolin mythology to be the founder of the Chan school of Buddhism (known in Japan and the West as Zen), and the Shaolin school of Chinese martial arts ...

Including:

• Bodhidharma - Biography
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Record of the Buddhist Monasteries of Luoyang 547 by Yang Xuanzhi
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Biography of Bodhidharma by Tanlin
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks 645 by Daoxuan
• Bodhidharma - Biographical details from the Anthology of the Patriarchal Hall 952
• Bodhidharma - Spiritual approach
• Bodhidharma - Portrayals of Bodhidharma
• Bodhidharma - Legends
• Bodhidharma - Encounter with Emperor Liang
• Bodhidharma - Nine years of gazing at a wall
• Bodhidharma - Bringing tea to China
• Bodhidharma - Daruma dolls
• Bodhidharma - Bodhidharma and Huike
• Bodhidharma - The lineage of Bodhidharma and his disciples
• Bodhidharma - Works attributed to Bodhidharma

Read more here: » Bodhidharma: Encyclopedia - Bodhidharma

Rise of Nations - 1v1 play. Rise of Nations uses an ELO rating system to rank players - in brief, this system is based on a mathematical formula that determines how often players win against other players to give a rough estimate of skill. There are, of course, players who will exploit the system or abstain from matches they might lose to gain abnormally high rankings, so the ranking should be taken with a grain of salt. In 2004, there was a world-wide online seeded single-elimination tournament named "Exp ...

See also:

Rise of Nations, Rise of Nations - Overview, Rise of Nations - Resources, Rise of Nations - Research, Rise of Nations - Ages, Rise of Nations - Military Technologies, Rise of Nations - Civics Technolgies, Rise of Nations - Campaigns, Rise of Nations - Conquer the World, Rise of Nations - Gameplay, Rise of Nations - Maps, Rise of Nations - Units, Rise of Nations - Buildings, Rise of Nations - Economic buildings, Rise of Nations - Military buildings, Rise of Nations - Wonders, Rise of Nations - Expansions, Rise of Nations - Tournaments and champions, Rise of Nations - 1v1 play, Rise of Nations - Teams, Rise of Nations - Playable Nations and their Powers, Rise of Nations - Reviews, Rise of Nations - Awards

Read more here: » Rise of Nations: Encyclopedia II - Rise of Nations - Tournaments and champions