In the pantheon of the scientific revolution, Galileo takes a high position because of his pioneering use of quantitative experiments with results analyzed mathematically. There was no tradition of such methods in European thought at that time; the great experimentalist who immediately preceded Galileo, William Gilbert, did not use a quantitative approach. However, Galileo's father, Vincenzo Galilei, had performed experiments in which he discovered what may be the oldest known non-linear relation in physics, between the tension and the pitch ...

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Galileo Galilei, Galileo Galilei - Galileo's Family & Early Careers, Galileo Galilei - Experimental science, Galileo Galilei - Astronomy, Galileo Galilei - Contributions, Galileo Galilei - Modern claims of scientific errors and misconduct, Galileo Galilei - Physics, Galileo Galilei - Mathematics, Galileo Galilei - Technology, Galileo Galilei - Church controversy, Galileo Galilei - Galileo's writings, Galileo Galilei - Writings on Galileo, Galileo Galilei - Named after Galileo

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Like many rock stars of the '60s and '70s, the 1980s were a lean time for Young both critically and commercially as he struggled to remain relevant. After providing the incidental music to the film Where the Buffalo Roam, a biopic of Hunter S. Thompson, he recorded Hawks & Doves (1980), a folk/country record in step with his public—and surprising—support for Ronald Reagan. Re-ac-tor (1981) was another set with Crazy Horse, with a mask of distortion and feedback obscuring a relatively weak selection of songs, but ...

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Neil Young, Neil Young - Early years, Neil Young - Breakthrough, Neil Young - From folk to rock, Neil Young - Experimental years, Neil Young - Back to country-rock roots, Neil Young - In the aftermath of 9/11, Neil Young - Health scare recovery and Prairie Wind, Neil Young - Other achievements, Neil Young - Discography, Neil Young - In Buffalo Springfield, Neil Young - In Crosby Stills Nash & Young, Neil Young - Solo, Neil Young - Trivia, Neil Young - Biographies

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The notion of quark flavours was prompted by the necessity of explaining the properties of hadrons during the development of the quark model. The notion of colour was necessiated by the puzzle of the Δ++. This has been dealt with in the section on the history of QCD. The first evidence for quarks as real constiutent elements of hadrons was obtained in deep inelastic scattering experiments at SLAC. The ...

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Quantum chromodynamics, Quantum chromodynamics - Terminology, Quantum chromodynamics - History, Quantum chromodynamics - The theory, Quantum chromodynamics - Some definitions, Quantum chromodynamics - The symmetry groups, Quantum chromodynamics - The fields, Quantum chromodynamics - QCD, Quantum chromodynamics - Methods, Quantum chromodynamics - Perturbative QCD, Quantum chromodynamics - Lattice QCD, Quantum chromodynamics - 1/N expansion, Quantum chromodynamics - Effective theories, Quantum chromodynamics - Experimental tests

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Beamline may also refer to an end result section or sections of beamlines using the product of a storage ring. One example of these research end section beamlines may be used for the study of X-rays projected to the stations for doing crystallography, at light source facilities like CHESS or the ESRF by physics researchers and experimenters. The beamlines in synchrotrons are facilities are such that researchers get access to synchrotron light. At large synchrotron facility there will be many beamlines, each optimised for a part ...

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Beamline, Beamline - Alignment of components on a beam line, Beamline - Beam pipe with a gap, Beamline - Researcher Beamlines and experimental users/ end station beamlines, Beamline - External link

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The simplest experimental evidence for the existence of zero-point energy in quantum field theory is the Casimir effect. This effect was proposed in 1948 by Dutch physicist Hendrik B. G. Casimir, who considered the quantized electromagnetic field between a pair of grounded, neutral metal plates. A small force can be measured between the plates, which is directly ascribable to a change of the zero-po ...

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Zero-point energy, Zero-point energy - Introduction, Zero-point energy - Varieties of zero-point energy, Zero-point energy - Experimental evidence, Zero-point energy - Gravitation and cosmology, Zero-point energy - History, Zero-point energy - Free energy devices, Zero-point energy - Cultural references

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The Gravity Probe B experiment comprises four gyroscopes and a reference telescope sighted on HR8703 (also known as IM Pegasi [3]), a binary star in the constellation Pegasus. In polar orbit, with the gyro spin directions also pointing toward HR8703, the frame-dragging and geodetic effects come out at right angles, each gyroscope measuring both. The gyroscopes are housed in a dewar of superfluid helium, maintaining a temperature of under 2 kelvins (−271 degrees Celsius, −456 degrees Fahrenheit). Near-absolute zero temperatu ...

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Gravity Probe B, Gravity Probe B - Overview, Gravity Probe B - Experimental setup, Gravity Probe B - Mission progress, Gravity Probe B - History

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The experiment uses a setup similar to that for the double-slit experiment. In Afshar's variant, light generated by a laser passes through two closely spaced circular pinholes (not slits). After the dual pinholes, a lens refocuses the light so that the image of each pinhole is received by a separate photo-detector (Fig. 1). In this setup, a photon that goes through pinhole number one impinges only on detector number one, and similarly, if it goes through pinhole two. Therefore, if observed at the image plane, the setup is such that the ...

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Afshar experiment, Afshar experiment - Overview, Afshar experiment - History, Afshar experiment - Experimental setup and Afshar's interpretation, Afshar experiment - Theoretical discussion in construction, Afshar experiment - AThe duality relation for beginners, Afshar experiment - Critiques

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This game is a common demonstration in game theory classes, where even economics graduate students fail to guess 0. When performed among ordinary people it is usually found that the winner guess is much higher than 0, e.g., 21.6 was the winning value in a large internet-based competition organized by the Danish newspaper Politiken. This included 19,196 people and with a prize of 5000 Danish krones. [1] This result is taken as an example that people are not capable of the extended elimination of domina ...

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Guess 2/3 of the average, Guess 2/3 of the average - Equilibrium analysis, Guess 2/3 of the average - Experimental results, Guess 2/3 of the average - Rationality versus common knowledge of rationality, Guess 2/3 of the average - Notes

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In 1954, the YC-123D, formerly the XC-123A prototype, flew in its modified state after being modified by Stroukoff Aircraft. While the most obvious change from the original XC-123A was the switch of engines, the YC-123D also had a Boundary Layer Control (BLC) system fitted. What this systems does is shoot air at high pressure over the top of the wing, making it work as if the aircraft is flying at a much higher airspeed. As a result, the YC-123D had a greatly reduced take-off and landing distance. Compared to the C-123B, the YC-123D could land in 755 feet instead of 1,200, and take-off with only 850 feet of ru ...

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C-123 Provider, C-123 Provider - History, C-123 Provider - Experimental Projects, C-123 Provider - Black Spot and other Special Military C-123s, C-123 Provider - Related content

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Already an established national radio broadcaster, the BBC began test transmissions with the new technology of television as early as 1929, working with John Logie Baird and using his primitive early apparatus. The following year, as part of one of these test transmissions, the BBC produced what is believed to be the first piece of television drama ever to have been screened, an adaptation of the Italian playw ...

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BBC television drama, BBC television drama - Experimental broadcasting and the 1930s, BBC television drama - The return of television and the 1950s, BBC television drama - The 'golden age' of BBC drama, BBC television drama - Changing attitudes in the 1980s and beyond, BBC television drama - The modern era, BBC television drama - Children's drama

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He received Heinrich Himmler's permission to work in Auschwitz from 1944 on. One of Verschuer's most well-known assistants was Josef Mengele, who, as the chief SS physician at the Auschwitz death camp, later became known as the "Angel of Death". Verschuer was never tried for war crimes despite many indications that he was not only fully cognisant of Mengele's work at Auschwitz, but even encouraged and collaborated with Mengele in some of his most grisly research. In a report to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) ("German ...

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Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer - Involvement in Nazi human experimentation, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer - Notes

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Germaine Dulac was a leading member of the French Avantgarde film movement after World war I Maya Deren's visionary films belong to the classics of experimental cinema. The main focus of her interest moved from the political activities of her youth to dance and later to Vodoo which she explored passionately. Shirley Clarke was a leading figure of the independent American film scene in New York in the fifties. Her work is rather unique insofar as she directed outstanding experimental and feature films as well as documentaries. Joyce Wi ...

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Women's cinema, Women's cinema - Silent films, Women's cinema - Classic Hollywood, Women's cinema - Experimental and avant-garde cinema, Women's cinema - Impact of second-wave feminism, Women's cinema - Representing sexuality, Women's cinema - Resisting violence and violent resistance, Women's cinema - Afro-American, Women's cinema - African, Women's cinema - Asian, Women's cinema - Latin American, Women's cinema - European, Women's cinema - Re-entering the mainstream?, Women's cinema - Bibliography, Women's cinema - Films small selection, Women's cinema - Films about women directors, Women's cinema - Film festivals

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Unfortunately, those aspects of the QGP which are easiest to compute are not the ones which are the easiest to probe in experiments. While the balance of evidence points towards the QGP being the origin of the detailed properties of the fireball produced in the RHIC, this is the main barrier which prevents experimentalists from declaring a sighting of the QGP. The important classes of experimental observations are Single particle spectra Strangeness production Photon and muon rates (and J/ψ melting) Elliptic flow Jet quenching Fluctuation ...

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Quark-gluon plasma, Quark-gluon plasma - General Introduction, Quark-gluon plasma - Why is this a plasma?, Quark-gluon plasma - How is this studied theoretically?, Quark-gluon plasma - How is this created in the lab?, Quark-gluon plasma - How does this fit into the general scheme of physics?, Quark-gluon plasma - Expected Properties, Quark-gluon plasma - Thermodynamics, Quark-gluon plasma - Flow, Quark-gluon plasma - Excitation spectrum, Quark-gluon plasma - The Experimental Situation, Quark-gluon plasma - News

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In addition to the theoretical assumptions made, there are practical ones. There may, for example, be a number of "accidental coincidences" in addition to those of interest. It is assumed that no bias is introduced by subtracting their estimated number before calculating S, but that this is so is not considered by some to be obvious. There may be synchronisation problems — ambiguity in recognising pairs due to the fact that in p ...

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Bell test experiments, Bell test experiments - Conduct of Bell test experiments, Bell test experiments - A typical CHSH two-channel experiment, Bell test experiments - A typical CH74 single-channel experiment, Bell test experiments - Experimental assumptions, Bell test experiments - Notable experiments, Bell test experiments - Freedman and Clauser 1972, Bell test experiments - Aspect 1981-2, Bell test experiments - Tittel and the Geneva group 1998, Bell test experiments - Weihs' experiment under strict Einstein locality conditions, Bell test experiments - Loopholes

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The French composer Pierre Boulez makes use of voice transmutation which he calls as centre and absence. In this the voice is used as an initial compositional model but which would not appear in the final form. Voice transmutation are also done by composers like Jonathan Harvey in compositions like Mortuos plango, vivos voco which interpolates the voice into instrument with the aid of computer techni ...

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Voice instrumental music, Voice instrumental music - Mediterranean-voice instrumentals, Voice instrumental music - Ancient voice music, Voice instrumental music - European classical - Voice instrumental music, Voice instrumental music - Voice instrumental in 20th century Classical music, Voice instrumental music - Voice Transmutation in experimental Classical music, Voice instrumental music - Various folk traditions, Voice instrumental music - Voice instrumentals in Jazz and Popular Music, Voice instrumental music - Onomatopoeia

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List of publications in economics - Behavioral Game Theory. Camerer, C.F. Princeton (NJ), Princeton University Press, 2003. Description: A new and insightfull handbook for advanced experimental and behavioral economics students. Importance: Introduction List of publications in economics - The Handbook of Experimental Economics. Kagel, J. H. and Roth, A. E. (eds.) Princeton (NJ), Princeton University Press, 1995. ...

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List of publications in economics, List of publications in economics - Macroeconomics, List of publications in economics - The Wealth of Nations, List of publications in economics - Das Kapital, List of publications in economics - General Theory of Employment Interest and Money, List of publications in economics - Microeconomics, List of publications in economics - Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, List of publications in economics - Econometrics, List of publications in economics - A New Framework for Testing Rationality and Measuring Aggregate Shocks Using Panel Data, List of publications in economics - 'Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation Estimation and Testing, List of publications in economics - Handbook of Econometrics, List of publications in economics - Analysis of Panel Data, List of publications in economics - Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, List of publications in economics - Policy Evaluation: A Critique, List of publications in economics - Behavioral Economics, List of publications in economics - Advances in Behavioral Economics, List of publications in economics - Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases, List of publications in economics - Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk, List of publications in economics - experimental economics, List of publications in economics - Behavioral Game Theory, List of publications in economics - The Handbook of Experimental Economics, List of publications in economics - Finance, List of publications in economics - Capital asset pricing model, List of publications in economics - The pricing of options and corporate liabilities, List of publications in economics - political economy, List of publications in economics - The Theory of Moral Sentiments, List of publications in economics - neuroeconomics, List of publications in economics - Decisions Uncertainty and the Brain: The Science of Neuroeconomics, List of publications in economics - socioeconomics, List of publications in economics - green economics, List of publications in economics - Consumer theory, List of publications in economics - Production theory, List of publications in economics - Industrial organization, List of publications in economics - The theory of Industrial Organisation, List of publications in economics - Industrial Organization, List of publications in economics - Industrial Organisation, List of publications in economics - Industrial organisation - a strategic appraoch, List of publications in economics - Sunk costs and industry structure, List of publications in economics - Managerial economics, List of publications in economics - Labour economics, List of publications in economics - Development economics, List of publications in economics - Welfare economics, List of publications in economics - The Economics of Welfare, List of publications in economics - Transport economics, List of publications in economics - Health economics, List of publications in economics - The Economics of Health and Health Care, List of publications in economics - Handbook of Health Economics

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One of the salient properties of the many-worlds interpretation is that observation does not require an exceptional construct (such as wave function collapse) to explain it. Many physicists, however, dislike the implication that there are infinitely many non-observable alternate universes. As of 2002, there were no practical experiments that would distinguish between many-worlds and Copenhagen, and in the absence of observational data, the choice is one of personal taste. However, one area of research is devising experiments which cou ...

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Many-worlds interpretation, Many-worlds interpretation - Outline, Many-worlds interpretation - Many worlds and the problem of interpretation, Many-worlds interpretation - Brief overview, Many-worlds interpretation - Relative state, Many-worlds interpretation - Comparative properties and experimental support, Many-worlds interpretation - Everett's many-worlds interpretation and axiomatics, Many-worlds interpretation - A simple example, Many-worlds interpretation - Partial trace and relative state, Many-worlds interpretation - Decohered states as relative states, Many-worlds interpretation - Multiple branching, Many-worlds interpretation - General quantum operations, Many-worlds interpretation - Branching, Many-worlds interpretation - Acceptance of the many-worlds interpretation, Many-worlds interpretation - Many worlds in literature and science fiction, Many-worlds interpretation - Speculative implications of many worlds

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Cavendish’s Natural Philosophy Eileen O’Neill offers an overview of Cavendish’s natural philosophy and its critical reception in her introduction to Observations upon Experimental Philosophy. O’Neill describes Cavendish’s natural philosophy as rejecting Aristotelianism and mechanical philosophy and favouring Stoic doctrines. She notes that while women rarely wrote about natural philosophy in the seventeenth century, Cavendish published six books on the subject. O’Neill points out that Cavendish herself ...

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Margaret Cavendish, Margaret Cavendish - A True Relation of my Birth Breeding and Life 1656, Margaret Cavendish - Poems and Fancies 1653, Margaret Cavendish - Observations upon Experimental Philosophy 1666, Margaret Cavendish - Other Works, Margaret Cavendish - Sources, Margaret Cavendish - Links

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Most established scientists, such as William Henry[5] and Thomas Thomson[6], believed that there was enough uncertainty in the caloric theory to allow its adaptation to account for the new results. It had certainly proved robust and adaptable up to that time. Furthermore, Thomson[7], JÃ ...

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An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction, An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction - Background, An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction - Experiments, An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction - Reception, An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction - Notes, An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction - Bibliography

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List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Forces 1946-1947. XS-1 - Bell XS-2 - Bell XS-3 Stiletto - Douglas XS-4 Bantam - Northrop XS-5 - Bell List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Force/Air Force/Unified System 1941-present. Main article: X-plane X-1 - Bell, first supersonic aircraft X-2 - Bell X-3 Stiletto - Douglas X-4 Bantam - Northrop< ...

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List of military aircraft of the United States, List of military aircraft of the United States - Airship, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Ambulance, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Attack, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Corps/Army Air Forces/Air Force 1924-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Attack helicopters, List of military aircraft of the United States - Fixed wing gunships, List of military aircraft of the United States - Bomber, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service before 1919, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1924-1926, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Corps/Army Air Forces/Air Force 1926-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system after 1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Cargo/Transport, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1925, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service/Army Air Corps/Army Air Force/Air Force 1925-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Cargo Helicopter, List of military aircraft of the United States - Drone, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Forces 1941-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Air Force 1948-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Electronic, List of military aircraft of the United States - Modified aircraft before 1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Modified aircraft 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Fighter, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Corps 1924-1941, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Corps/Army Air Forces 1924-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Air Force from 1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy from 1922, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system from 1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Glider, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Forces 1941-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Air Force 1948-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified System 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Helicopter, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Forces/Air Force 1941-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified System 1948-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Laser, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Messenger, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Observation/Liaison, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Corps 1924-1941, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Forces 1942-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified System 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Patrol, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system after 1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Pursuit, List of military aircraft of the United States - Racer, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Reconnaissance, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Corps/Army Air Force 1926-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Air Force 1948-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Modified Planes, List of military aircraft of the United States - Scout, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Search, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Seaplane, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Anti-Submarine, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1946-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Tanker, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Modified aircraft, List of military aircraft of the United States - Trainer, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service before 1919, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service 1919-1924, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Service/Army Air Corps/Army Air Forces 1924-1948, List of military aircraft of the United States - Air Force 1948-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Utility, List of military aircraft of the United States - Air Force 1948-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Navy 1922-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Vertical Takeoff and Landing, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army 1956-1962, List of military aircraft of the United States - Unified system 1962-present, List of military aircraft of the United States - Experimental, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Forces 1946-1947, List of military aircraft of the United States - Army Air Force/Air Force/Unified System 1941-present

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The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm carried out the first laboratory tests, and found that (a) the relative velocity between a plasma and neutral gas could be increased to the critical velocity, but then additional energy put into the system then went into ionizing the neutral gas, rather than into increasing the relative velocity, (b) the critical velocity is roughly independent of the pressure and magnetic field. (Fahleson, 1961)^{See also:}

Critical ionization velocity, Critical ionization velocity - Experimental research, Critical ionization velocity - Theory development, Critical ionization velocity - Background

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In many genes, each exon contains part of the open reading frame (ORF) that codes for a specific portion of the complete protein, however, the term exon is often misused to refer only to coding sequences for the final protein. This is not true since many noncoding exons are known in human genes (Zhang 1998). Below is a diagram of an heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA), which is an unedited mRNA transcript, or pre-mRNAs. Exons can include both sequence that code for amino acids (red) and untranslated sequences (grey). Stretches of unused ...

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Exon, Exon - Function, Exon - Experimental approaches that utilise exons

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